• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide a basic data for energy efficient apartment designs by analyzing electricity and gas usage according to horizontal locations of dwelling units in apartment buildings. The data for this research are collected from J-apartment complex, located at 'Wolbae' district in Daegu City. The data are sorted into several groups according to inner and outer locations, East-West locations, and the size of units. By the performance efficiency analysis, the study derives the result as follows: 1) generally inner units are more efficient than outer units. 2) West units are more efficient than East units. 3) The group that is most efficient in overall energy consumption is West-inner units (Group-D) and the least efficient group is East-outer units (Group-A1). 4) However, as units are getting bigger, inner units consumes more energy than outer units because of the gas usage patterns. The study also established cost analysis that shows the cost differences of usages for 30, 40, 50 years between each group. The result says Inner-outer location with East-West location affects a significant amount of the management costs. In terms of economic and social life of an apartment building, energy design standards need to be tuned and make the least efficient units perform as efficient as the most efficient units to optimize the social life of an apartment building.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

In this paper we made energy consumption units of glass curtain wall type apartment and general apartment in Busan metropolitan city and compared energy consumption characteristics by building envelope. The monthly electricity consumption units of general apartment were shown in the range of $1.16{\sim}1.51kWh/m^2{\cdot}mon$ which were indicated higher value in January, February, August and September with little variation. On the other hand, in case of glass curtain wall type apartment, monthly electricity consumption units were represented in the range of $1.91{\sim}7.07kWh/m^2{\cdot}mon$ with significant fluctuations monthly, which were outstandingly high in July, August and September. The monthly city gas consumption units of general apartment were found to be in the range of $1.79{\sim}18.07MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$, while glass curtain wall type apartment were within $0.94{\sim}19.91MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$. City gas consumption units from December to March were shown highly in both type apartments. The monthly energy consumption units of general apartment were found to be within $14.23{\sim}30.69MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$, while glass curtain wall type apartment were within $24.49{\sim}68.9MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$. Energy consumption units of glass curtain wall type apartment were suggested 4.84 times higher than those of general apartment.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.101-113
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• 1990

Apartment houses are repidly being assimialated into the Korean lifestyle. Little study of space utilization and specificially built-in storage needs has been implemented into design of these apartment units. The purposes of this study were, first, to ascertain attitudes of a select group of Korean housewives(N=250) living in apartments in Seoul toward closets and built-in storage units, and second, to determine the acceptability of proposed alternative plans which include built-in storage facilities by Korean women(N=31) living in the United States. Overall results reflect that built-in closets and storage are highly prized and additional units required in Korean apartment plans. Of the respondents, about 86% thought portable storage bought at marirage would be phased out if more storage was built into Korean apartmemts. Most Korean housewives would perceive the advantages of built-in storage units, and would prefer differentiated built-in storage units to undifferentiat d ones. Yet attitudes were equally split on the aesthetic value of the elimination of the portable storage. Five Korean apartment plans were drawn to scale then altered through the incorporation of additional built-in storage. These altered plans all received greater then 83% preferences to the existing Korean apartment plans. Additional study needs to be undertaken to address the implementation of additional storage in existing units as well as impact the current space planning concepts related to more built-in storage. Consideration needs to be given to the concerns related to aesthetic value of portable units as part of the study process.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 2004

In the summer, the irradiated solar heat gain through the roof has an effect on the thermal environment of the top floor units of apartment houses. This paper investigated the differences of the indoor air temperature and thermal comfort index between the top floor unit and the middle floor unit by measuring them at the sample houses. The purpose of this paper is to provide quantitative data about the irradiated solar heat gain during the summertime through the roof of an apartment house and these data to be the source to reevaluate the appropriate roof insulation efficiency. From this study, we obtained the brief results as follows. Indoor air temperature at the top floor unit is $1.2\sim2.2^{\circ}C$ higher than that of middle floor unit. The evaluation of the indoor thermal comfort index at each sample rooms reveals notable thermal differences between the two units. Top floor units need more cooling load during the summertime compared to middle floor units. Therefore, solutions to reduce solar Heat gain at top floor units to be considered.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

This study suggested practical considerations in case of planning Small-Sized Household Units of the Vertical Extension of Aged Apartment along with selecting particular Age-Apartment Complex to plan Small-Sized Household Units. Four parts of consideration; (1) Architectural planning aspects, (2) Resident aspects, (3) Structural aspects, and (4) Facility aspects were thoroughly examined to apply in the remodeling construction period. Proposals for Small-Sized Household Units, in this study, covered two different combinations. One was the combination of six equal units, the other was the combination of eleven different types of household units which reflected resident aspects in plan organizations. Plan organization proposal could be chosen and applied to Vertical Extended units by Local Government, Remodeling Association, or Constructor based on their potential residents' aspect, such as family size, life style, age, amount to income and etc. to fulfill their satisfaction. Furthermore, this study had great significance of the adequately reflecting demand on Small-Sized Household Units in Vertical Extension of Aged Apartment.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 2015

The concept of universal design has become an essential requirement for environmental design, due to the growing population of the aged, and the increasing needs of people with disabilities. This study aims to propose a universal design guideline for apartment housing units that can be adapted to both a general household and a household with elderly or disabled individuals. This design process encompasses literary reviews, and includes the measurements of the dimensions and facilities of currently available apartment housing. The three domestic universal guidelines were reviewed, and a universal design checklist for apartment housing units was developed. Afterward, the individual elements and inclusive factors of universal design, for apartment housing units, were collected and examined according to the each functional space within the home. The results and conclusions are as follows: 1) The factors of universal design are diversified by the division of the functional spaces within the home, such as the private space, the work space and the entertaining space. 2) Due to the lack of space and storage, wheelchairs cannot be used in most currently available apartment types; this problem can be resolved by applying flexibility and optional adaptation. The solutions for the above are additional design factors that will enable more convenient usage and elaborate design.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.67-75
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• 2018

To reduce the number of casualties in the case of fire, an alarm sound needs to be delivered to the people who remain in the apartment unit. On the other hand, it was reported that the fire alarm sound generated in the elevator hall was not delivered sufficiently to the people staying in the apartment units. In this study, the background noise level and noise level generated in an apartment unit were measured during the day and night time. In addition, the transmission of the fire alarm sound into the each room of apartment units was simulated and compared with the background noise level. The fire alarm sound generated in the elevator halls was reduced by the fire door and doors, and was not transmitted sufficiently into the internal spaces of the apartment units. Starting evacuation action was difficult after hearing the fire alarm sound generated outside the apartment units. To improve the transmission of an alarm sound to the inner spaces of apartment units, an acoustic simulation was carried out for cases where the alarm sound generator was installed on a wall-pad in the living room and the alarm sound generator was installed on the ceiling of each rooms in apartment units. Background noise of + 15 dB and 75 dB (A) were satisfied when alarm sound generator was installed on the ceiling of each room.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2007

Following the previous ones, this study is intended to explore methods of qualitative assessment on the view from apartment units. It first complemented and analyzed the attributes of landscape elements and then set up questionnaire items based on these attributes to identify the tendencies in apartment inhabitants' recognition of landscape elements, and then conducted a preference assessment on the test cases sampled on the basis of picture and other data collected in the previous studies to identify the characteristics of the preference for the view from apartment units according to landscape elements. Consequently, the following results have been derived. First, the landscape elements seen from apartment units may be classified into a total of sixteen categories, and the overall ratio of natural elements to artificial ones is shown to be approximately one to three. Second, it is also shown that apartment dwellers tend to prefer natural landscape elements over artificial ones, and the preferences for the distance to and location of landscape elements exhibit certain variance depending on the type of the elements. Third, the analysis of the preference for landscape elements has revealed that the types of landscape elements, the make-up and diversity of landscape elements, and the perceived distance to landscape elements as well as the resultant feeling of openness all affect the preference tendencies.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2009

The present study is a preliminary research improving the dwelling quality of apartment house as a kind of multi-family housing. The purpose of the study is to find out the actual state on characteristics of indoor noise including residents' living in apartment units. The method was field survey consisted of field measurements on equivalent noise level, observation on noise type, and interview on residents' responses. Field survey were carried out in 20 occupied apartment units from January to March 2007. The results are as follows. 1) Averages of indoor noise levels including residents' living noise were measured as $43.9{\sim}62.2\;dB(A)_{Leq5min}$, the average of each house except one was higher than the permissible level, 45 dB(A). 2) The noise types observed were mostly residents' living noise and classified into 'water hammer', 'living equipment noise', 'noise by family', 'hood noise', 'kitchen noise' in own unit, 'walking and talking noise in stairs and corridors', 'noise by neighborhood house', 'noise by the upper story' in building, and outdoor noise. 3) The residents showed slightly non-positive responses at 'noise by the upper story', 'noise by neighborhood house', 'water hammer', and 'noise by family'. Therefore, it is required to plan for preventing deterioration of the dwelling quality by residents' living noise in own unit as well as by neighborhood houses.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.81-86
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• 2010

The main sources of the new house syndrome(sometimes it called sick building syndrome) are a concentration of formaldehyde (HCHO) and a concentration of total volatile organic compounds(TVOC). I had field measurements of indoor air quality in the apartment unit at medium-size cities(Y city, C city). I measured indoor air temperature, HCHO concentration in 16 units, TVOC concentration in 6 units and air tightness in 7 units. And I measured outdoor air quality, HCHO concentration and TVOC concentration. Mean concentration of HCHO was $357{\mu}g/m^3$(2006 standard=$120{\mu}g/m^3$), mean concentration of TVOC was $3,092{\mu}g/m^3$ and mean effective air leakage area was 193 cm2. There was a close relation between the indoor air temperature and HCHO concentration, between the indoor air temperature and TVOC concentration. Air tightness also had relation.