• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.710-714
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• 1987

Over the past 6 years, from July, 1981. through June, 1987., 14 consecutive patient with congenital aortic stenosis underwent corrective surgery in our department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. The patient ranged in age from 1 to 20 years. There were 8 male and 6 female patients. According to the operative findings, stenotic site was valvular stenosis [5 cases], subvalvular stenosis [5 cases], supravalvular stenosis [2 cases], valvular and supra valvular stenosis [1 case]. We have performed valvotomy and commissurotomy [5 cases]. Resection of subvalvular membrane [3 cases], patch enlargement of Ascending aorta [2 cases], LV myotomy [2 cases], valvotomy and excision of membrane [1 case], patch enlargement of ascending aorta and valve ring [1 case]. There was one hospital mortality [7.1%]. He died of C-I bleeding and sepsis on the 25th postoperative day. All survivors showed improvement in NYHA functional class in the 160 patient/month follow up period.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.405-413
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• 1980

A total of 63 patients [42 males and 21 females] underwent multiple valve replacement with artificial valves between January 1975 and August 1980 at Seoul National University Hospital. There were 38 patients with aortic and mitral valve replacement, 22 with mitral and tricuspid, and 3 with aortic, mitral and tricuspid valve replacement. The valve lesions varied from trivial to severe and most aortic and mitral valves had mixed stenosis and insufficiency, while tricuspid valves had only insufficiency. The patients were severely symptomatic in majority of the cases, and belonged to the Classes III and IV [III:45, IV:16] of the NYHA functional criteria. Hemodynamic studies were performed on all the patients. The mean pulmonary wedge pressure was remarkably increased to 19.8 mmHg in aortic and mitral valve lesions and 18.0 mmHg in mitral and tricuspid valve lesions. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was also increased, while the cardiac index was reduced. In 1977, the average perfusion time was 245.5 minutes for aortic and mitral valve replacement and 181.6 minutes for mitral and tricuspid valve replacement. It has progressively declined to 169.2 minutes for aortic and mitral valve replacement and 123 minutes for mitral and tricuspid valve replacement in 1980. The average period of aortic occlusion also declined after the use of cardioplegic solution. Twenty deaths occurred among the 63 patients operated upon, an overall mortality rate of 30.8%. The operative mortality has declined with successive year from a level of 66.7% before 1977 to 21.1% in 1980. Fourteen patients suffered from a list of postoperative complications, which eventually resolved with adequate treatment. All the survivors were enjoying the levels of daily life activities greater than those existing before the operation.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.744-755
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is considered a class I indication for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS). However, there is little evidence regarding the potential benefits of early AVR in symptomatic patients diagnosed with normal-flow, low-gradient (NFLG) severe AS. Methods: Two-hundred eighty-one patients diagnosed with symptomatic NFLG severe AS (stroke volume index ≥35 mL/m², mean transaortic pressure gradient <40 mmHg, peak transaortic velocity <4 m/s, and aortic valve area <1.0 cm²) between January 2010 and December 2020 were included in this retrospective study. After performing 1:1 propensity score matching, 121 patients aged 75.1±9.8 years (including 63 women) who underwent early AVR within 3 months after index echocardiography, were compared with 121 patients who received conservative care. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death and heart failure (HF) hospitalization. Results: During a median follow-up of 21.9 months, 48 primary outcomes (18 in the early AVR group and 30 in the conservative care group) occurred. The early AVR group demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of primary outcomes (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.93; p=0.028); specifically, there was no significant difference in all-cause death (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.23-1.16; p=0.110), although the early AVR group showed a significantly lower incidence of hospitalization for HF (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19-0.95, p=0.037). Subgroup analyses supported the main findings. Conclusions: An early AVR strategy may be beneficial in reducing the risk of a composite outcome of death or hospitalization for HF in symptomatic patients with NFLG severe AS. Future randomized studies are required to validate and confirm our findings.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.395-398
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• 2018

Neo-aortic insufficiency associated with root enlargement following an arterial switch operation is a serious late complication. To achieve successful surgical correction of this condition, multiple factors should be considered, including the individual patient's anatomy, the challenging nature of the redo procedure, and the patient's young age. However, limited publications have described the use of valve-sparing techniques for the treatment of neo-aortic insufficiency associated with root enlargement following an arterial switch operation. Herein, we report our recent experience of a valve-sparing aortic root procedure with ascending aorta and hemiarch replacement despite the presence of a discrepancy in leaflet size and nearby severe adhesions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.409-411
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• 1995

One patient developing left main coronary stenosis following double valve replacement is reviewed. Angina pectoris developed 5 months postoperatively. Coronary perfusion with a balloon tip perfusion catheter was performed during previous operation and was considered technically satisfactory. Coronary angiography confirmed stenosis of the left main coronary artery. There was no further coronary arterial disease. An anterior approach between the aorta and pulmonary artery to expose the left main coronary artery was used and patch angioplasty was done. Repeat coronary angiography showed a widely patent left main coronary artery with excellent runoff. A careful search for coronary arterial injury should be made in all symptomatic patients following aortic valve replacement.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2007

배경: 본 연구의 목적은 선천성 대동맥 판막협착증의 치료 술식에 따른 성적 및 추적 결과를 조사하여 증상이 나타나는 시기와 판막 형태에 따라서 바람직한 치료 술식을 알아보는 것이다. 대상 및 방법: 1987년 8월부터 2004년 6월까지 선천성 대동맥 판막협착증의 진단으로 시술 또는 수술 및 재수술을 시행한 53명을 대상으로 하였다(평균 연령=$8.2{\pm}6.0$세). 이중 49% (26/53)에서 이엽성 판막이었다. 시행한 시술은 경피적 풍선 판막성형술 16예, 대동맥 판막성형술 32예, Ross 술식 19예, 그리고 대동맥 판막 치환 14예였다. 평균 추적기간은 처음 수술을 받은 후부터 평균 $80.6{\pm}60$개월$(0{\sim}207)$이었다. 결과: 조기 사망은 15.1% (8/53)이었고 만기 사망은 없었다 사망원인은 위급한 대동맥 판막협착증(critical aortic stenosis)으로 초기에 대동맥 판막성형술을 시행했던 6예(1세 미만; 4예)와 Ross 술식과 판막치환을 시행한 환자에서 각각 1예씩 발생하였다 경피적 풍선 판막성형술은 위급한 대동맥 판막 협착증의 처음 치료술식(initial operation)으로 16예 중 14예에서 재수술이 필요하였고 10예에서 Ross술식이 행하여 졌다. 대동맥 판막성형술을 시행한 32예 중 13예에서 재수술이 필요하였고 9예에서 판막치환, 4예에서 Ross술식이 시행되었다. Ross술식을 시행한 19예 중 2예에서 재수술이 필요하였다. Ross술식의 7년 실제 생존율은 90.5%였다. 결론:선천성 대동맥 판막협착증의 치료는 1세 미만에서는 경피적 풍선 판막성형술은 고식적이지만 초기 시술로서 안전하게 시술될 수 있었다. 1세 이상에서는 대동맥 판막성형술이 비교적 만족스런 장기 성적을 보였다. Ross 술식은 최근에는 안전하게 시술될 수 있었고 장기 성적도 나쁘지 않았다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.890-900
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• 2021

Objective: To identify the association between morphological and functional characteristics of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and bicuspid aortopathy and to identify the determinants of aortic dilatation using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac computed tomography (CCT). Materials and Methods: This study included 312 subjects (mean [SD] age, 52.7 [14.3] years; 227 males [72.8%]) who underwent TTE and CCT. The BAVs were classified by anterior-posterior (BAV-AP) or right-left (BAV-RL) orientation of the cusps and divided according to the presence (raphe+) or absence of a raphe (raphe-) based on the CCT and intraoperative findings. The dimensions of the sinus of Valsalva and the proximal ascending aorta were measured by CCT. We assessed the determinants of aortic root and proximal ascending aortic dilatation (size index > 2.1 cm/m²) by Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: Of the 312 patients, BAV-AP was present in 188 patients (60.3%), and 185 patients (59.3%) were raphe+. Moderate-to-severe aortic stenosis (AS) was the most common hemodynamic abnormality (54.8%). The most common type of aortopathy was the combined dilated root and mid-ascending aortic phenotype (62.5%). On multivariable analysis, age and AS severity were significantly associated with aortic root dilatation (p < 0.05), and age, sex, and AS severity were significantly associated with ascending aortic dilatation (p < 0.05). However, the orientation of the cusps, presence of a raphe, and severity of aortic regurgitation were not associated with aortic root and ascending aortic dilatation. Conclusion: BAV morphological characteristics were not determinants of aortic dilatation. Age, sex, and AS severity were predictors of bicuspid aortopathy. Therefore, age, sex, and AS severity, rather than valve morphology, need to be considered when planning treatment for BAV patients.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1266-1278
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• 2021

Objective: We aimed to compare the aortic valve area (AVA) calculated using fast high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) image acquisition with that of the conventional two-dimensional (2D) cine MR technique. Materials and Methods: We included 139 consecutive patients (mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 68.5 ± 9.4 years) with aortic valvular stenosis (AS) and 21 asymptomatic controls (52.3 ± 14.2 years). High-resolution T2-prepared 3D steady-state free precession (SSFP) images (2.0 mm slice thickness, 10 contiguous slices) for 3D planimetry (3DP) were acquired with a single breath hold during mid-systole. 2D SSFP cine MR images (6.0 mm slice thickness) for 2D planimetry (2DP) were also obtained at three aortic valve levels. The calculations for the effective AVA based on the MR images were compared with the transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) measurements using the continuity equation. Results: The mean AVA ± SD derived by 3DP, 2DP, and TTE in the AS group were 0.81 ± 0.26 cm², 0.82 ± 0.34 cm², and 0.80 ± 0.26 cm², respectively (p = 0.366). The intra-observer agreement was higher for 3DP than 2DP in one observer: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-0.97) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82-0.91), respectively, for observer 1 and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96-0.98) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97-0.99), respectively, for observer 2. Inter-observer agreement was similar between 3DP and 2DP, with the ICC of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89-0.94) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88-0.93), respectively. 3DP-derived AVA showed a slightly higher agreement with AVA measured by TTE than the 2DP-derived AVA, with the ICC of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82-0.91) vs. 0.85 (95% CI, 0.79-0.89). Conclusion: High-resolution 3D MR image acquisition, with single-breath-hold SSFP sequences, gave AVA measurement with low observer variability that correlated highly with those obtained by TTE.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.515-525
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• 2023

The most common heart valve disorder is calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS), which is characterized by a narrowing of the aortic valve. Treatment with the drug molecule, in addition to surgical and transcatheter valve replacement, is the primary focus of researchers in this field. The purpose of this study is to determine whether niclosamide can reduce calcification in aortic valve interstitial cells (VICs). To induce calcification, cells were treated with a pro-calcifying medium (PCM). Different concentrations of niclosamide were added to the PCM-treated cells, and the level of calcification, mRNA, and protein expression of calcification markers was measured. Niclosamide inhibited aortic valve calcification as observed from reduced alizarin red s staining in niclosamide treated VICs and also decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of calcification-specific markers: runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteopontin. Niclosamide also reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidase activity and the expression of Nox2 and p22^phox. Furthermore, in calcified VICs, niclosamide inhibited the expression of β-catenin and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3β), as well as the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. Taken together, our findings suggest that niclosamide may alleviate PCM-induced calcification, at least in part, by targeting oxidative stress mediated GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway via inhibiting activation of AKT and ERK, and may be a potential treatment for CAVS.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.696-703
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• 2009

배경: 다양한 대동맥판막질환의 대동맥 근부 및 판막엽에 적용할 수 있는 종합적 대동맥근부 및 판막재건술(comprehensive aortic root and valve reconstruction, CARVAR)이 개발되어 시행되고 있으며, 최근의 초기 임상 성적을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2007년 10월부터 2008년 9월까지 대동맥 판막질환으로 CARVAR 수술을 받은 114명을 대상으로 하였다. 남자는 66명, 평균나이는 53 (범위 14~84)세였다. 환자는 질환에 따라 AAR group: 대동맥 근부 이상에 의한 대동맥판막 폐쇄부전증 그룹(n=18), IAR group: 판막엽 이상에 의한 대동맥판막 페쇄부전증 그룹(n=42), IAS group: 대동맥판막 협착증 그룹(n=51), PAVR group: 이전에 대동맥판막 치환술을 받은 그룹(n=3)으로 구분하였다. 동관연결부(sinotubular junction) 축소술은 114예 모두에서 시행하였으며 대동맥판막륜(aortic annulus)축소술은 AAR그룹의 14예와 IAR그룹의 6예에서 시행하였다. 대동맥판막엽 재건은 AAR그룹의 10예를 제외한 모두에서 시행하였고, 대동맥 박리증에 의한 대동맥 판막 질환 그룹은 이 연구에서 제외하였다. 결과: 수술 사망이나 추적 사망은 없었다. AAR그룹에서는 동맥동의 직경이 평균 술전 $54.6{\pm}8.4$ mm에서 술후 $38.3{\pm}3.8$ mm로 감소하였고 IAR그룹에서는 폐쇄부전의 정도가 평균 술전 grade 3.2에서 술후 0.2로 감소하였으며 IAS그룹에서는 대동맥판구의 평균압력차이가 술전 $47.1{\pm}24.4$ mmHg에서 술후 $15.1{\pm}11.7$ mmHg로 감소하였다. 그리고 PAVR그룹에서는 페쇄부전의 정도가 술전 grade 3에서 술후 0로 감소하였다. 풍선형 관동맥 관류관으로 인한 관상동맥협착증이 4명에서 발생하였으며 술후 심내막염이 2명에서 발생하였다. 모든 환자는 퇴원하여 현재 외래에서 안정된 상태로 추적 관찰 중에 있다. 결론: 종합적 대동맥근부 및 판막 재건술(comprehensive aortic root and valve reconstruction, CARVAR)은 좋은 초기 임상 성적을 보였으며 모든 대동맥판막질환에 적용할 수 있기 위하여 좋은 중장기 임상성적이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.