• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.37.1-37.10
• /
• 2024

Importance: The portal vein to aorta (PV/Ao) ratio is used to assess the clinical significance of extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS). Previous studies using computed tomography (CT) were conducted in dogs but not in cats. Objective: This study aimed to establish normal reference values for PV indices (PV/Ao ratio and PV diameter) in cats and determine the usefulness of these for predicting symptomatic EHPSS. Methods: This study included 95 dogs and 114 cats that underwent abdominal CT. The canine normal (CN) group included dogs without EHPSS. The cats were classified into feline normal (FN, 88/114), feline asymptomatic (FA, 16/114), and feline symptomatic (FS, 10/114) groups. The PV and Ao diameters were measured in axial cross-sections. Results: The group FN had a higher PV/Ao ratio than the group CN (p < 0.001). Within the feline groups, the PV indices were in the order FN > FA > FS (both p < 0.001). The mean PV diameter and PV/Ao ratio for group FN were 5.23±0.77 mm and 1.46±0.19, respectively. The cutoff values between groups FN and FS were 4.115 mm for PV diameter (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 97.7%) and 1.170 for PV/Ao ratio (90%, 92.1%). The cutoff values between group FA and FS were 3.835 mm (90%, 93.8%) and 1.010 (70%, 100%), respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: The results demonstrated significant differences in PV indices between dogs and cats. In cats, the PV/Ao ratio demonstrated high diagnostic performance for symptomatic EHPSS. The PV diameter also performed well, in contrast to dogs.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.265-278
• /
• 2015

We analyzed the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) that was simulated in 25 coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) using historical and Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario experiments of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), focusing on the evaluation of the performance of HadGEM2-AO. A large inter-model diversity in salinity, density, and depth of the NPIW exists even though the multi-model ensemble mean (MME) is comparable to observations. It was found that the depth of the NPIW tends to be deeper in the models in which the NPIW is relatively saltier. HadGEM2-AO simulates the lightest NPIW having the lowest salinity at shallower depth, compared with other CGCMs. Future projections of the NPIW show that the temperature of the NPIW increases, but the density decreases in all CMIP5 models. It was shown that the salinity of the NPIW decreases in most models and the decrease tends to be larger in models simulating the lighter NPIW. The HadGEM2-AO projects moderate changes in the temperature and density of the NPIW out of the CMIP5 models.

• 대기
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.61-71
• /
• 2021

The relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and surface air temperature (SAT) over Korea is re-examined using the long-term observation and reanalysis datasets for the period of December 1958 to February 2020. Over the entire period, Korean SAT is positively correlated with the AO index with a statistically significant correlation coefficient, greater than 0.4, only in the boreal winter. It is found that this correlation is not static but changes on the decadal time scale. While the 15-year moving correlations are as high as 0.6 in 1980s and 1990s, they are smaller than 0.3 in the other decades. It is revealed that this decadal variation is partly due to the AO structure change over the North Pacific. In the period of 1980s-1990s, the AO-related sea level pressure fluctuation is strong and well defined over the western North Pacific and the related temperature advection effectively changes the winter SAT over Korea. In the other periods, the AO-related circulation anomaly is either weak or mostly confined within the central North Pacific. This result suggests that Korean SAT-AO index relationship, which becomes insignificant in recent decades is highly dependent on mean flow change in the North Pacific.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제36권5A호
• /
• pp.423-431
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는 등간격 원형 어레이를 갖는 OFDM 기반의 이동 릴레이를 위한 반송파 주파수 옵셋 및 2-D 입사각 추정 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 하향링크의 프리앰블 신호를 이용하여 수행되며, 자기 상관을 이용하는 기존 기법에 비해 크게 향상된 CFO 추정 성능을 갖는다. 또한 입사각 추정과 CFO 추정의 순서에 따라 기법 1과 기법 2의 두 가지 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 주위의 기지국 신호의 CFO와 입사각을 효과적으로 추정할 수 있으며, Mobile WiMAX 환경 하에서 모의실험을 통해 그 성능을 검증한다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 2022

Radiographic left atrial dimension (RLAD) is a useful measurement to assess left atrial enlargement in dogs. There are studies on the use of RLAD on various breeds of dogs, but no study on a specific breed with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). This study was conducted to compare RLAD measurements in Maltese dogs with MMVD ACVIM stage B1 and B2, and also to investigate the correlation of RLAD with the LA:Ao ratio. A total of 29 Maltese dogs were the subjects of this study. Each dog was diagnosed with MMVD ACVIM stage B1 or B2 based on physical examination, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography. The vertebral heart size (VHS), RLAD, LVIDDn, and LA:Ao ratio were measured and compared to evaluate the differences. There were significant differences in the RLAD, LVIDDn, and LA:Ao ratio between dogs with MMVD ACVIM stage B1 and those with stage B2. There was a significant correlation between the LA:Ao ratio and both the RLAD and VHS measurements, but the correlation coefficient was higher for RLAD. The RLAD scores exhibited a significant difference between dogs with ACVIM Stage B1 and with those with B2, and these scores had a higher correlation with the LA:Ao ratio measured by echocardiography than with VHS.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.110-117
• /
• 1995

Tc-99m Labeled hexamethylenepropyleneamineoxime ([$^{99m}Tc$]-HMPAO) is a famous amino-oxime compound and is widely used to construct SPECT images of cerebral blood flow. To investigate the relationship between chemical structure and radiolabeling in these kind of diamine-oxime compounds, we synthesized seven compounds by Schiff's base formation and successive reduction with sodium borohydride. They were (RR/SS )-4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundecane-2,10-dione bisoxime (2), (RR/SS/meso)-4,8-diaza-3,9-dimethy-lundecane-2,10-dione bisoxime (4), (RR/SS/meso)-4,8-diaza-3,10-dimethyldodecane-2,11-dione bisoxime (5), (RR/SS/meso)-4,7-diaza-3,6,6,8-tetramethyldecane-2,9-dione bisoxime (8), (RR/SS/meso)-4,7-diaza-5,6-cyclohexyl-3,8-dimethyldecane-2,9-dione bisoxime (10), (RR/SS/meso)-3,4-bis(1-aza-2-methyl-3-oxime-1-butyl)-benzoic acid (12), and (RR/SS/ meso)-2,3-bis(1-aza-2-methyl-3-oxime-1-butyl) benzophenone (14). Chemical structures of all the synthesized compounds were identified by taking $^1H$ spectrum. Among them, 2 and 4 are propyleneamine oxime (PnAO), 6 is butyleneamine oxime (BnAO) and 8, 10, 12 and 14 are ethyleneamine oxime (EnAO). Each compound (0.5 mg) was incubated with stannous chloride (0.5 g - 8 g), carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (final concentration = 0.1 M, pH 7 - pH 10) and Tc-99m-pertechenate (1 ml). Tc-99m labeling of these compounds were checked by ITLC (acetone), ITLC (normal saline), reverse phase TLC (50 % acetonitrile) and ITLC (ethyl acetate). According to the results, EnAO's were not labeled by Tc-99m in any of above condition. About 11 % of maximum labeling efficiency was obtained with BnAO. However, 4 (PnAO) was labeled with Tc-99m to 85 % which is similar to the labeling efficiency of 2 (HMPAO). Hydrophilic impurity (9 % ) was the most significant problem with the labeling of 4, however, pertechnetate (3 % ) and colloid (3 %) were minor problem. In conclusion, we synthesized seven diamine blsoxlme compounds. Among them, four EnAO compounds were not labeled by Tc-99m. A BnAO was labeled poorly and two PnAO's were labeled well. These labeling can be explained by tertiary structure of their Tc-99m chelate.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2009

목적: AO hook 금속판을 이용한 견봉쇄골 관절 완전 탈구의 치료 결과를 알아 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2008년 2월부터 2009년 9월까지 AO hook 금속판를 이용하여 견봉쇄골 관절 탈구로 수술 받은 환자 중 삽입물 제거한 10례를 대상으로 하였다. 수술 후의 평가는 Constant-Murley score로써 임상적 평가를 시행하였으며, 금속판 제거 후 방사선 사진에서 견봉쇄골 관절의 정복 상태 및 오구 쇄골 간격을 측정하였다. 결과: 전예에서 임상적으로나 방사선학적으로 만족할만한 결과를 얻었다. Constant-Murley점수는 평균 90.5(84~95)점이었으며, 3예에서 수술부위에 경미한 통증 및 불편감을 호소하였지만 금속판 제거 후 증상은 해소되었다. 방사선학적으로도 전예에서 쇄골의 수직전위가 정복되었으며 감염, 금속판 파괴, 금속판 제거 후 재탈구 등의 합병증은 관찰 되지 않았다. 결론: AO hook 금속판을 이용한 견봉 쇄골 관절 탈구의 수술의 초기 추시 결과는 임상적, 방사선학적으로 만족할 만한 결과를 보였다.

• 한국간담췌외과학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.380-387
• /
• 2023

Backgrounds/Aims: In 2019, the grading and staging system for neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) was significantly changed. In this study, we report the clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients with extrahepatic biliary NENs who underwent curative resection with or without adjuvant treatment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a database of 16 patients who developed NENs, neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), and mixed endocrine non-endocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) after curative resection. Among them, eight patients had ampulla of Vater (AoV) tumors, and eight patients had non-AoV tumors. Results: G1 and G2 were more frequently observed in the AoV group than in the non-AoV group (12.5% and 62.5%, respectively). In contrast, NEC and MiNEN were more common in the non-AoV group (50.0%). High Ki-67 index (> 20%) and perineural invasion (PNI) were more frequently observed in the non-AoV group. Advanced age (> 65 years), mitotic count > 20 per 2 mm², and Ki-67 index > 20% were strongly correlated with patient survival (p = 0.018, 0.009, and 0.044, respectively). Advanced age (> 65 years) and mitotic count > 20 per 2 mm² were significantly correlated with disease recurrence (p = 0.033 and 0.010, respectively). Conclusions: AoV and non-AoV tumors had significant differences in the histologic grade, Ki67, and PNI. Patients with non-AoV tumors had an increased risk for survival and recurrence than those in the AoV group. For extrahepatic biliary NENs, early detection of tumors, adequate surgery, and aggressive adjuvant treatment for high-risk patients are important to achieve long-term survival and prevent disease recurrence.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.742-753
• /
• 2012

Copper-containing compounds are introduced into the environment through agricultural chemicals, mining, and metal industries and cause severe detrimental effects on ecosystems. Certain microorganisms exposed to these stressors exhibit molecular mechanisms to maintain intracellular copper homeostasis and avoid toxicity. We have previously reported that the soil bacterial isolate Achromobacter sp. AO22 is multi-heavy metal tolerant and exhibits a mer operon associated with a Tn21 type transposon. The present study reports that AO22 also hosts a unique cop locus encoding copper homeostasis determinants. The putative cop genes were amplified from the strain AO22 using degenerate primers based on reported cop and pco sequences, and a constructed 10,552 base pair contig (GenBank Accession No. GU929214). BLAST analyses of the sequence revealed a unique cop locus of 10 complete open reading frames, designated copSRABGOFCDK, with unusual separation of copCD from copAB. The promoter areas exhibit two putative cop boxes, and copRS appear to be transcribed divergently from other genes. The putative protein CopA may be a copper oxidase involved in export to the periplasm, CopB is likely extracytoplasmic, CopC may be periplasmic, CopD is cytoplasmic/inner membrane, CopF is a P-type ATPase, and CopG, CopO, and CopK are likely copper chaperones. CopA, B, C, and D exhibit several potential copper ligands and CopS and CopR exhibit features of two-component regulatory systems. Sequences flanking indicate the AO22 cop locus may be present within a genomic island. Achromobacter sp. strain AO22 is thus an ideal candidate for understanding copper homeostasis mechanisms and exploiting them for copper biosensor or biosorption systems.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제1권6호
• /
• pp.775-781
• /
• 1997

Although reoxygenation is the best way to salvage hypoxic tissues, reduced oxygen species (ROS) generated during reoxygenation are blown to cause further tissue injuries and the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs). The present study was undertaken to determine any causal relationship between the severity of hypoxia and the opposite outcomes, either beneficial or detrimental, of the subsequent reoxygenation by measuring the HSP72. To this aim, one group (6 male cats, $2.5{\sim}3.5\;kg$) was subjected to a 5-min episode of hypoventilation (H, ventilation rate: 5/min) for the induction of slight hypoxia and the other group (6 male cats, $2.4{\sim}3.7\;kg$) was subjected to a 5-min episode of apnea (A) for severe hypoxia. Each 3 animals from both groups received a 10-min episode of ventilation with $(95%\;O_2\;(0)$, whereas the remainder did not. After these procedures, all animals were allowed to be ventilated within physiological range for 1, 4, or 8 hours (1H, 1HO, 4H, 4HO, 8H, 8HO, 1A, 1AO, 4A, 4AO, 8A and 8AO groups). Control animals did not receive any manipulation. The arterial blood $pCO_2$ was significantly higher just after apnea than hypoventilation, while $pCO_2$ and pH were significantly lower just after apnea than hypoventilation. Western blot analysis revealed that the magnitude of HSP72 synthesis is larger in 1H, 4H and 8H groups than in 1HO, 4H and 8HO groups, respectively. In contrast, 1AO, 4AO and 8AO groups more induced HSP72 than 1A, 4A and 8A groups, respectively. These results suggest that the reoxygenation is beneficial after slight hypoxia but detrimental after severe hypoxia.