• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 1989

The study was carried out to find out the changes of the sex hormone concentrations in the blood plasma and antrum of follicular and lutein cystic ovaries of Holstein cows. The progesterone, estradiol-17$\beta$, testosterone, FSH and LH from samples of the blood plasma and antrum of cystic ovaries of cows assayed by radioimmunoassay method. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The concentrations fo progesterone and estradiol-17$\beta$ in the blood plasmaat estrous and luteal phase were 0.95$\pm$0.18ng/ml, 11.45$\pm$3.12pg/ml and 4.25$\pm$0.27ng/ml, 6.27$\pm$0.82pg/ml respectively. The concentrations of progesterone and estradiol-17$\beta$ in the antrum fluid of follicles at estrous and luteal phase were 24.8$\pm$4.12ng/ml, 54.3$\pm$7.25pg/ml and 21.7$\pm$3.79ng/ml, 14.3$\pm$2.72pg/ml respectively, and showed significant changes among the estrous and luteal phase and blood plasma and antrum fluid of follicles. 2. The concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17$\beta$, testosterone and LH in the blood plasma of follicular cystic ovareis of cows were 0.85$\pm$0.25ng/ml, 9.23$\pm$2.72pg/ml, 17.12$\pm$3.26pg/ml and 3.78$\pm$1.02mIU/ml respectively. And the concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17$\beta$, testosterone and LH in the antrum fluid of follicular cystic ovareis of cows were 284$\pm$48.21ng/ml, 389$\pm$67.23ng/ml, 12.84$\pm$0.29ng/ml and 1.84$\pm$0.17mIU/ml respectively, and showed significant changes between in the blood plasma and antrum fluid of cystic ovaries. 3. The concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17$\beta$, testosterone and LH in the blood plasma of lutein cystic ovaries of cows were 3.40$\pm$0.78ng/ml, 4.02$\pm$0.42pg/ml, 10.72$\pm$2.74pg/ml and 0.76$\pm$0.12mIU/ml respectively. And the concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17$\beta$, testosterone and LH in the antrum fluid of lutein cystic ovareis of cows were 427$\pm$35.79ng/ml, 0.76$\pm$0.07ng/ml, 3.45$\pm$0.57ng/ml and 0.29$\pm$0.07mIU/ml respectively, and showed significant changes between the blood plasma and antrum fluid of cystic ovaries. 4. Accordingly, the diagnosis of follicular and lutein cystic ovareis of cows from progesterone, estradiol-17$\beta$ and LH levels in the blood plasma and antrum of cystic ovaries of cows is thought to be possible a diagnostic means.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 1995

This study was performed to determine the each location of lesions in the maxillary sinus and to evaluate the relationship between the floor of the antrum and the apical regions of teeth by the comparison of the panoramic view and panoramic sinus view. For this study, experimentally with two dry skulls, jelly balls of 8mm and 15mm in diameter containing a short wire for the radiopacity similar to the cyst and clinically 5 patients having mucosal cyst in the antrum and 10 patients having periapical lesion of molar were used. The experimental cystic lesions were simulated with jelly ball being attached in turn to each wall of the antrum. The radiolucent periapical lesions of upper molars were formed by using round bur and the radiopaque periapical lesions were simulated by filling the former lesions with lead foil. Each panoramic view and each panoramic sinus view of the experimental lesions and patients were obtained by using panoramic machine and analyzed. The obtained results were as follows : 1. On the panoramic sinus view, the innominate line was approximately coincided with the most lateral portion of the antrum and the posterior wall appeared as the narrow area at the mesial side of the innominate line. The anterior wall occupied totally the mesial side of the innominate line, and the medial wall occupied the mesial half of the antrum. 2. In all cases of experimental cystic lesion attached to each wall of the antrum, the location of each lesion was able to be determined by applying Tube shift technic. 3. The palatal root and mesiobuccal root of the molar appeared as being transposed each other mesiolaterally on the panoramic and panoramic sinus views. 4. The panoramic sinus view was superior to the panoramic view in revealing the relationship between the floor of the antrum and the periapical lesion.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2001

Objective: Mouse pre-antral follicles require the addition of gonadotropins (Gns) to complete maturation and ovulation of oocyte and antrum formation in vitro. However, we tried examination of in vitro growth of mouse pre-antral follicles in medium without Gns and/or phygiological factors. And also, pre-antral follicles were isolated from ovaries by mechanical method. Our present studies were conducted to evaluate on the growth of follicles and intra-follicular oocytes and antrum formation in vitro of mouse pre-antral follicles in two different media. Methods: Pre-antral follicles ($91{\sim}120{\mu}m$) were isolated mechanically by fine 30G needles not using enzymes from ovaries of 3-6 week-old female ICR mice. Isolated pre-antral follicles were cultured in $20{\mu}l$ droplets of TCM (n=17; follicles: $107.8{\pm}1.58{\mu}m$; oocytes: $57.9{\pm}1.2{\mu}m$) or MEM (n=12; follicles: $109.3{\pm}2.53{\mu}m$; oocytes: $55.4{\pm}1.6{\mu}m$) under mineral oil on the 60 mm culture dish. All experimental media was supplemented with 10% FBS without Gns and/or physiological factors. Pre antral follicles were individually cultured for 8 days. Antram formation and growth of pre-antral follicles and intra-follicular oocytes were evaluated using precalibrated ocular micrometer at X200 magnifications during in vitro culture. Results were analyzed using combination of Student's t-test and Chi-square, and considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: Antrum formation had started in two culture media on day 2. On day 8, antrum formation had occurred in 58.3% of pre-antral follicles cultured in DMEM, but only in 23.5% of those cultured in TCM (p=0.0364). Growth of pre-antral follicles and intra-follicular oocytes were observed on day 4 and 8. On day 4, follicular diameter was similar (p=0.1338) in TCM ($119.4{\pm}2.58{\mu}m$) and MEM ($125.4{\pm}4.52{\mu}m$). However, on day 8, diameters of pre-antral follicles cultured in MEM ($168.9{\pm}17.29{\mu}m$) were significantly bigger (p=0.0248) than that in TCM ($126.7{\pm}4.28{\mu}m$). On day 4 and 8, diameters of intra-follicular oocytes were similar in TCM ($67.1{\pm}1.3$ and $72.4{\pm}0.9{\mu}m$) and MEM ($65.2{\pm}1.7$ and $73.3{\pm}1.5{\mu}m$), respectively. Conclusion: We can conform that medium without Gns and/or physiological factors can be used for in vitro antrum formation and growth of pre-antral follicles and intra-follicular oocytes in mouse. In conclusion, MEM supplemented with FBS can be used for growth in vitro of mouse pre-antral follicles isolated mechanically.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.133-146
• /
• 1991

In order to elucidate systematically the effects of serotonin on gastric motility of guinea-pig, the contractile and electrical responses to serotonin were recorded using four kinds of muscle strips prepared from antral circular, antral longitudinal, fundic circular, and fundic longitudinal muscles. Experiments were performed using various methods including isometric contraction recording, transmural electrical field stimulation, junction potential recording, intracellular microelectrode technique, and partition stimulation method. The results were as follows: 1) The effect of serotonin on spontaneous contractions was inhibitory in the circular muscle strips of the antrum and fundus, while it was excitatory in the longitudinal muscle strips of the antrum and fundus. Serotonin changed mainly phasic contractions of both the circular and longitudinal muscle strips in the antrum, while it changed mainly tonic contractions of both the circular and longitudinal muscle strips in the fundus. 2) On the contractions induced by transmural nerve stimulation, serotonin decreased the amplitude in the circular muscle strips of the antrum, but it increased them in the other three groups of muscle strips(antral longitudinal, fundic circular, and fundic longitudinal). 3) On the contractions induced by direct muscle stimulation, serotonin decreased the amplitude in the circular muscle strips of the antrum and fundus. 4) In the fundic circular muscle strips serotonin potentiated excitatory junction potentials (EJPs), and in the antral circular muscle strips it evoked EJPs after inhibitory junction potentials(IJPS). 5) In the antral circular muscle strips serotonin did not affect the slow wave even at the disappearance of spontaneous contractions. On the contrary it increased the amplitude of the slow wave, when the spike component was potentiated and the second component was inhibited. 6) In the antral circular muscle strips the membrane potential was slightly hyperpolarized, but the membrane resistance was not changed. From the above results following conclusions could be made. 1) Serotonin inhibits spontaneous contractions of the circular muscle layer and it increases those of the longitudinal one, irrespective of the gastric region. 2) In the guinea-pig stomach there exists a serotoninergic facilitatory neuromodulation system which exerts its effect on cholinergically mediated contraction. 3) The excitation-contraction decoupling was observed in the effect of serotonin.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.403-410
• /
• 2000

The Ultrasonographic method alas been widely applied to evaluating gastric motility with safety and reproducibility ill human medicine but few reference to its use in veterinary medicine is appeared. Therefore, in this study, the gastric motility was evaluated with ultrasonography by the cri-terion of mean cycle lime, short and lony axis and the area of pyloric antrum in dogs, fed with liquid of semisolid meals. Furthermore, the animals were evaluated for the effect of metoclopramide on the motility of pyloric antrum. Healthy 5 mongrel male dogs were fed with either 400 ml of milk a: a liquid meal or a mixed meal of 200 ml of milk with two pieces of bread as a semisolid meal. Mean cycle time of pyloric antrum of dogs was significantly delayed after feeding either of liquid and , semi- solid meals(P<0.05), alls it was returned to the fasting state at 60 min. after feeding of liquid meal and 160 min. after feeding of semisolid meal. Mean area of pyloric antrum of dogs was gradually decreased and was returned to the lasting state at 80 min. in doss fed liquid meal. but 1600 min. in dog\ulcorner fed semisolid meal. The administration of metoclopramide (1.0 mg/kg of of B.W.) accelerated the mean cycle time of pyloric antrum from 20 mill. to 60 min. after feeding of liquid meal and from 40 min. to 120 min. after feeding of semisolid meal. From this study, the ultrasonography was confirmed as a valuable diagnostic method leer evaluating the gastric motility and gastric area in dogs. It is non-invasive, safe and reproducible, and provides a method for the study of the effect of drugs and diseases states on gastric motility.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2000

Stimulation of muscarinic receptors by carbachol (CCh) in the circular smooth muscle of the guinea pig gastric antrum causes muscle contraction. In the present study, muscarinic receptor subtype controlling the muscle contraction in response to CCh was studied using putative muscarinic receptor antagonists. Isometric force of the isolated circular muscle strips was measured in an organ bath. CCh contracted the muscle in a dose-dependent way, and each of the three muscarinic receptor antagonists, 4-diphenylacetoxy- N-methylpeperdine methiodide (4-DAMP), methoctramine and pirenzepine shifted the concentration- response curves to the right without significantly reducing the maximum force. The affinities of the muscarinic antagonists $(pA_2\;values)$ obtained from Schild plot analysis were 10.15, 7.05 and 6.84 for 4-DAMP, methoctramine and pirenzepine, respectively. These results suggest that the $M_3-subtype$ mainly mediate the muscle contraction in response to CCh in guinea pig gastric antrum.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 2012

Objective: To determine whether animal age impacts in vitro preantral follicle growth. Effects of hCG, stem cell factor (SCF), and/or insulin-like growth factor (IGF) supplementation in growth medium were also investigated. Methods: Intact preantral follicles were mechanically isolated from fresh ovaries of BDF1 mice and cultured in growth medium for 9 to 11 days. Surviving follicles with antrum formation were transferred to maturation medium for 14 to 18 hours. Follicle survival, antrum formation, and retrieval of metaphase II (MII) oocytes were compared among three age categories (4-5, 7-8, and 10-11 week-old). By using 7- to 8-week-old mice, preantral follicles were cultured in growth medium supplemented with hCG (0, 5, or 10 mIU/mL), SCF (50 ng/mL), IGF-1 (50 ng/mL), and SCF+IGF-1. Results: Seven- to eight-week-old mice showed a higher follicle survival and antrum formation and produced more MII oocytes compared to other groups. In the 7- to 8-week-old mice, supplementation of 5 mIU/mL hCG significantly enhanced the antrum formation but the percentage of MII oocytes was similar to that of the control. Supplementation of SCF+IGF-1 did not enhance follicle survival or antrum formation but the percentage of MII oocytes increased modestly (39.1%) than in the control (28.6%, p>0.05, statistically not significant). Conclusion: Seven- to eight-week-old mice showed better outcomes in growth of preantral follicles in vitro than 4- to 5- or 10- to 11-week-old mice. Supplementation of hCG enhanced antrum formation and supplementation of SCF+IGF-1 yielded more mature oocytes; hence, these should be considered in the growth of preantral follicles in vitro.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 2000

Although most persons infected with Helicobacter pylori harbor a single strain of the organism, multiple strain colonization in the same patient is also occasionally reported in developed countries. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of multiple strain colonization in Korean patients and to detect the cagA, iceA1, and babA status of H. pylori isolated from the antrum and body of the stomach. H. pylori was obtained from 35 patients from the antrum and body of the stomach. The genomic diversity of H. pylori was determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. The status of cagA, iceA1, and babA genes of H. pylori was assessed by polymerase chain reaction with appropriate primers. Clearly different diversity patterns were identified among the isolates from 35 individual patients. Eighteen (51.4%) patients had a single strain of H. pylori. Eight (22.9%) and nine (25.7%) patients had subtypically (one or two bands difference) and typically (clearly different pattern) different strains of H. pylori in the antrum and body, respectively. Among the 70 isolates of H. pylori from 35 patients, the positive rates of 349-bp and 208-bp cagA gene fragments and the iceA1 gene were 68/70 (97.1%), 68/70 (97.1%), and 58/70 (82.9%), respectively. However, the babA gene was found in 22/66 cases (31.4%). In five out of 18 patients with a single strain, the genetic status of cagA, iceA1, and babA varied between the isolates from the antrum and the body. In 8/17 patients with sub typically or typically different strains, the gene status differed between antrum and body isolates. The prevalence of co-colonization with typically or subtypically different strains is high in Korea, and sub-clones with different pathogenic gene status exist within strains of identical RAPD patterns.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 1990

One hundred-ten patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary antrum treated at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National Unviersity Hospital between February 1979 and September 1986 were retrospectively analyzed. Of these, only 73 patients were eligible for analysis. Forty-one patients were treated with combination of surgery and radiation therapy and 32 patients were treated with radiation therapy alone. The majority of patients had advanced stage (including $47\%\;T_4$ tumor). Overall 5 year survival rate was $40.0\%$. In the radiotherapy alone group,5 year survival rate was $22.1\%$, and in the combined surgery and radiotherapy group,5 year survival rate was $65.3\%$. Of 31 patients who had failures,22 patients ($71.0\%$) had local failures, 6 patients ($19.3\%$) had regional failures and 3 patients ($9.7\%$) had distant metastasis. Planned combined treatment with surgery followed by radiation therapy is an effective modality for carcinoma of the maxillary antrum.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 1994

Seventy-nine patients with carcinoma of maxillary antrum treated at the department of therapeutic radiology, Kosin Medical Center, between June 1980 and December 1980 were analyzed retrospectively for survival rate and treatment failure. Forty-three patients were treated with radiotherapy alone and thirty-six patients were treated with combination of surgery and radiotherapy. The overall 5 year survival rate was 32$ \% $, patients that were treated with radiotherapy alone had a 5-year survival rate of 23$ \% $, and patients who were treated with combination of surgery and radiotherapy had a 5-year survival rate of 42$ \% $. 54 patients(68.4$ \% $) failed to be cured. Among these 54 patients,37 patients(08.5$ \% $) had only locoregional failure, 16 Patients(29.6$ \% $) had locoregional failure and distant metastases and 1 patient had only distant metastasis. From above study combination of surgery and radiotherapy might be a better treatment modality for carcinoma of the maxillary antrum.