• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 1998

During the last few years, nitric oxide(NO) as a potent macrophage-derived effector molecule against a variety of bacteria, parasites, and tumors has received increasing attention. More recent studies suggest that NO also has antiviral effects in both murine and human cells. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of Yongdamsagantang(YST) on the production of NO. Stimulation of mouse peritoneal macrophages with YST after the treatment of recombinant $interferon-{\gammer}(rlFN-{\gammer})$ resulted in the increased NO synthesis. YST had no effect on NO synthesis by itself. When YST was used in combination with $rIFN-{\gammer}$, there was a marked cooperative induction of NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal effect of YST on NO synthesis was shown 6 hour after treatment with $rIFN-{\gammer}$. This increase in NO synthesis was reflected as increased amount of inducible NO synthase(iNOS) protein. NO production was inhibited by $N^G-monomethyl-L-arginine$. The increased production of NO from $rIFN-{\gammer}$ plus YST-stimulated cells was decreased by the treatment with staurosporin. In addition, synergy between $rIFN-{\gammer}$ and YST was mainly dependent on YST-induced tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ secretion. These results suggest that the capacity of YST to increase NO production from $rIFN-{\alpha}-primed$ mouse peritoneal macrophages is the result of YST-induced $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제19권spc호
• /
• pp.271-274
• /
• 2011

Pepper mild mosaic virus (PMMoV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) are important pathogens in various vegetable crops worldwide. We have found that methanol extracts of Quercus dentate (Oaimyo Oak) gal/nut strongly inhibit PMMoV and CMV infection. Based on this result, the inhibitor named as "KN0912" formulated from the extract of Q. dentate gallnut was tested for its inhibitory effects on PMMoV or CMV infection to each local lesion host plant (Nicotiana glutinosa; PMMoV, Chenopodium amaranticolor; CMV). Pre-treatment effect of KN0912 against infections of each virus to local host plant was measured to be $75.1{\pm}0.5{\sim}97.5{\pm}1.5%$ to PMMoV and $70.6{\pm}2.2{\sim}99.0{\pm}1.0%$ to CMV in 1~10mg/ml conc. and the absorption effect of the antiviral composition of KN0912 to the inside of tobacco leaves tissue, was inhibited by 55.7% to PMMoV and 63.8% to CMV. The persistence of KN0912 treatment was maintained until after the 3 days high inhibitory effect by 98% to PMMoV and by 95.1% to CMV. Inhibitory effects on systemic host plants of KN0912 were measured to be 80~90% to PMMoV and 60~75% to CMV. From the change of morphological characteristics of PMMoV particles under EM, we are tentatively suggested that one mode of action of KN0912 is inactivation due to the destruction of virus particles.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2023

Background: Tea tree oil has antiviral, antimicrobial and antifungal effects and Mastic oil has antifungal and anticancer effects. For synergistic effects of oils, blending oil containing a mixture of two to three oils is recommended. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effects of Tea tree oil, Mastic oil, and Blending oil containing the two oils in a mixture, to verify and suggest the potential use of these oils as a substance to prevent dental caries. Methods: Tea tree oil, Mastic oil, and Blending oil with a 1:1 blend of the two oils were diluted in liquid medium to 0% (negative control), 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%. Streptococcus mutans was applied to each experimental group of the three diluted oils and after 8 h culture, the optical density (OD) was measured and the growth inhibition rate for S. mutans was estimated. Results: Tea tree oil had significantly low OD values across all concentrations (p<0.05) without significant variation among different concentrations (p>0.05). Mastic oil did not significantly vary in OD compared to the negative control across all concentrations (p>0.05) without significant variation among different concentrations (p>0.05). Blending oil, compared to the negative control, did not significantly vary in OD at 0.5% (p>0.05) but significant variation was found as the concentration increased (p<0.05). Additionally, for Tea tree oil and Mastic oil, the growth inhibition rate showed no significant variation according to concentration (p>0.05), whereas for Blending oil, the growth inhibition rate for S. mutans showed a significant difference at 1.0% (p<0.05) and at higher concentrations. Conclusion: Blending oil containing a Tea tree oil and Mastic oil demonstrated a significant growth inhibition effect on S. mutans from the concentration of 1.0%, which suggested its potential use as an effective antibacterial agent for dental caries.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제32권spc8호
• /
• pp.3090-3093
• /
• 2011

Curcumin is a natural product with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antifungal functions. As it is known that the excited state intramolecular hydrogen transfer of curcumin are related to its medicinal antioxidant mechanism, we investigated its excited state dynamics by using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in an effort to understand the molecule's therapeutic effect in terms of its photophysics and photochemistry. We found that stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonding with solvents weakens the intramolecular hydrogen bonding and decelerates the dynamical process of the enolic hydrogen. Exceptions are found in methanol and ethylene glycol due to their nature as simultaneous hydrogen bonding donor-acceptor and high viscosity solvent, respectively.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.18-22
• /
• 2002

Two peptaibol antibiotics, peptavirins A and B, which exhibited strong inhibitory effect against Tobacco mosaic vials (TMV) infection, were isolated from steam-cooked rice culture of Apiocrea sp.14T. The peptavirins were identified as new derivatives of chrysospermins, which are 19-mer and have been reported to be produced in a fungal isolate. The physicochemical properties of the peptavirins were mostly identical with chrysospermins A through D except for the UV absorption spectrum. The peptavirins inhibited the growths of the Grampositive bacteria tested, including the plant pathogenic bacterium, Corynebacterium lilium, and the fungus, Aspergillus niger. Peptavirin A was somewhat cytotoxic to cancer cell lines, especially K562 (leukemia) and UACC 62 (melanoma), whereas peptavirin B only exhibited slight cytotoxicity.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제35권4호통권139호
• /
• pp.357-363
• /
• 2004

Flavonoids are class of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom, which display a variety of biological activities, including antiviral, antithrombotic, antiiflammatory, antihistaminic, antioxidant and free-radical scavenging abilities. To determined flavonoid, myricetin in the presence of other antioxidants - vitamin C and vitamin E - can exert antioxidative properties not only directly by modulating the AOE system but also scavenging free radical, we investigated cell viability, antioxidant enzyme activities and ROS level in B16F10 murine melanoma cell. B16F10 cells were exposed to medium containing myricetin in the presence or absence of vitamin C or vitamin E for a period of 24 hr. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. In co-treating myricetin with other antioxidants, CAT activities were increased, compared with control, but SOD and GPx activities were decreased, compared with each antioxidant treated groups . In the group of myricetin or myricetin present with other antioxidants, ROS levels were decreased dose-dependently. Especially, myricetin present of other antioxidants were decreased compared with myricetin.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2004

During the screening of antiviral substances having inhibitory effects on tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection to tobacco plants, we found a bacterial isolate KTGBP10, which was identified as a Stenotrophomonas sp., strongly inhibited the infection of TMV. When the culture filtrate from KTGBP10 was applied on the upper surface of leaves of Xanthi-nc tobacco plants at the same time or 24 hours before TMV inoculation, almost complete inhibition of TMV infection was achieved. And $40\%$ inhibition was shown with application of the culture filtrate to the under surface of leaves. In field trials, transmission of TMV from diseased seedlings to the healthy ones during transplanting work was reduced by $87.1\~92.6\%$ when the culture filtrate or cell suspension was sprayed onto the tobacco seedlings, cv. NC82, 24 hours before transplanting. No toxic effect was observed on the tobacco plants. When the broth filtrate of KTGBP10 was supplied by soaking through the cut-leaves before and/or after virus inoculation, the TMV infection was also inhibited by $50.4\~65.3\%$.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 2015

Here we report a new chemical inhibitor against HIV-1 with a novel structure and mode of action. The inhibitor, designated as A1836, inhibited HIV-1 replication and virus production with a 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) of $2.0{\mu}M$ in an MT-4 cell-based and cytopathic protection antiviral assay, while its 50% cytotoxic concentration ($CC_{50}$) was much higher than $50{\mu}M$. Examination of the effect of A1836 on in vitro HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase showed that neither were molecular targets of A1836. The characterization and re-infection assay of the HIV-1 virions generated in the presence of A1836 showed that the synthesis of early RT products in the cells infected with the virions was inhibited dose-dependently, due in part to abnormal protein formation within the virions, thus resulting in an impaired infectivity. These results suggest that A1836 might be a novel candidate for the development of a new type of HIV-1 inhibitor.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.99-115
• /
• 2003

Pneumonia is an acute or recurrent infection of the parenchyma of the lung causing cough, fever, and respiratory distress. Pneumonia was named 'Feiyanchuansou(肺炎喘嗽)' in chinese medicine. This study was progressed for oriental medical treatment for pediatric pneumonia in china. The purpose of this study is current oriental medical approach to pediatric pneumonia In this study, the authors tried to figure out the cause of the pediatric pneumonia and its treatment and came to the conclusion as follows: 1. The study for pediatric pneumonia consists of basic, clinical and experimental study. 2. Basic study consists of etiology and pathogenesis(病因病耭), the rule of treatment(治療原則) and method of treatment(治法). 3. Clinical study consists of symptoms-based treatment(辨證論治), adequate prescription treatment(專病專方), acupuncture(鍼灸治療), and western diagnosis based treatment. 4. The majority of experimental study was pharmacology that consists of antiviral and antibacterial effect, removing heat(淸熱), releasing pulmonary qi(宣肺), dissipating phlegm(化痰).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.58-67
• /
• 1997

In order to find antiviral compounds against Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) and II (HSV2) from natural products, a convenient virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay was introduced. More than 300 fractions were prepared by solvent fractionation from sixty collected plants or purchased herbal medicines, and their anti-herpetic activities were evaluated. Among them, several medicinal plants showed potent anti-herpetic activity. Selective indexes (SI) of the EtOAc extract of Caraganae Radix (Caragana sinica) against HSV-1 and HSV-2 were more than 8.06 and 24.79, SI of the MeOH extract of Acer okamotoanum leaves were 3.92 and 3.51, SI of the $CH_{2}Cl_{2}$ extract of Veratri Rhizoma et Radix (Veratrum patulum) were 5.49 and 1.31 and SI of the MeOH extract of aerial part of Osmundae Rhizoma (Osmunda japonica) were more than 3.45 and 1.25, respectively.