• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1998

To investigate the cytotoxic effect of Platycodon grandiflorum DC, petroleum ether extract of Platycodon grandiflorum DC was partially purified by a silica gel column chromatography. Among several fractions, fraction D which was obtained under the elution with a 7:3 mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl ether, showed patent cytotoxicity against mouse leukemia cell line (L1210), human rectum cancer cell line (HRT-18) and human colon cancer cell lint (HCT-48).

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Radiotherapy (RT) has been used for decades as one of the main treatment modalities for cancer patients. The therapeutic effect of RT has been primarily ascribed to DNA damage leading to tumor cell death. Besides direct tumoricidal effect, RT affects antitumor responses through immune-mediated mechanism, which provides a rationale for combining RT and immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Thus far, for the combined treatment with RT, numerous studies have focused on the immune checkpoint inhibitors and have shown promising results. However, treatment resistance is still common, and one of the main resistance mechanisms is thought to be due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment where myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a crucial role. MDSCs are immature myeloid cells with a strong immunosuppressive activity. MDSC frequency is correlated with tumor progression, recurrence, negative clinical outcome, and reduced efficacy of immunotherapy. Therefore, increasing efforts to target MDSCs have been made to overcome the resistance in cancer treatments. In this review, we focus on the role of MDSCs in RT and highlight growing evidence for targeting MDSCs in combination with RT to improve cancer treatment.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2012

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone, and patients often develop pulmonary metastasis. The mechanisms underlying osteosarcoma metastasis remain to be elucidated. Recently, anti-inflammatory agents were shown to be useful in the treatment of tumor progression. We previously isolated a natural anti-inflammatory peptide from the seahorse Hippocampus kuda bleeler. Here, we examined the antitumor metastatic activity of this peptide and investigated its mechanism. The peptide significantly inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced invasive migration of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Its inhibitory effect on invasive migration was associated with reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1 and MMP2). In addition, TPA stimulation increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and small GTPase Rac1 expression, whereas the peptide decreased ROS generation and Rac1 activation. Taken together, these results suggest that the peptide inhibits invasive migration of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting MMP1 and MMP2 expression through downregulation of Rac1-ROS signaling.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.507-512
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• 1998

In the course of developing novel antitumor intercalating agents. We synthesized 4-carbamoyloxymethyl-l-azaanthraquinones 7-12, incorporating the latent alkylating functi onality. These compounds were designed to explore the effect of substituent on the nitrogen of carbamate. The target compounds were prepared by hetero Diels-Alder reaction as a key step followed by functionalization of benzylic methyl to the desired substituents. Growth inhibitory studies of the azaanthraquinones were conducted in vitro against human cancer cell lines (SNU-354; liver and MCF7; breast) and human epidermoid carcinoma cells that are sensitive (KB-3-1) and multidrug-resistant (KB-V-1). The compounds were less potent than doxorubicin against sensitive cell lines. However, the most active compound 12 was not cross-resistant with doxorubicin against KB-V-1.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.704-708
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• 1997

In our search for bioactive natural products with antitumor activity, we have valuated various extracts of Saururi Herba (Saururaceae), which has been used in traditional medici ne for edema, beriberi, jaundice, turbid urine, carbuncle and furuncle. The hexane extract of the aerial part of this plant was found to show a potent cytotoxicity against several kinds of cultured human solid tumor cell lines (AGS, A549, HCT15, SKOV3, HEP-3B) in vitro. Using cytotoxicity-guided chromatographic separation of the hexane extract, cytotoxic constituent: 10-aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenanthrene-carboxylic acid lactam, was isolated and structurally identified by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic evidences.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.718-723
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• 1997

In the course of developing novel antitumor intercalating agents, we synthesized 3- carbamoyloxymethyl-azaanthraquinones 6-12, incorporating the latent alkylating functionality. These compounds were designed to explore the effect of heteroatom incorporation into anthraquinone chromophore and the effect of the incorporation of the latent alkylating functionality. The derivatives were prepared by hetero Diels-Alder reaction as a key step followed by functionality of allylic methyl to the desired substituents. Growth inhibitory studies of the azaanthraquinones were conducted in vitro against human cancer cell lines (SNU-354: liver and MCF7: breast) and human epidermoid carcinoma cells that are sensitive (KB-3-1) and multidrug-resistant (KB-V-1). The derivatives were 10 to 100-fold less potent than doxorubicin against sensitive cell lines. However, they were marginally cross-resistant with doxorubicin against KB-V-1.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.382-387
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• 1998

Platycodon radix is a dried root of Platycodon grandiflorum (P. grandiflorum) A. DC, a perennial grown on the hills and fields in Korea and Japan, or cultivated in various districts. Recently, P. grandiflorum (Changkil) has been successfully cultivated for more than 20 years and generally has been employed as folk remedy for adult diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes. We investigated various biological activities of the extracts from Changkil. When treated in vitro with B16-F1 mouse melanoma cell lines, it showed 100% laminin-binding inhibitory activities at the concentration over 0.125mg/ml. In in vivo test it showed 61.5% reduction of the solid tumor weight transplanted in mice and exhibited anticancer activity of 128% ILS against Sarcoma-180 ascites. It also increased the ratio of positive cells of natural killer cells in lymphocytic composition against Sarcoma-18O ascites and solid tumor transplanted in ICR mice when tests were carried out by FACScan method.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1997

Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, is well-known oriental herbal medicine. The number of paper reporting the effects on its physiological, pharmacological, and behavioral effects has been increased every year, since ginsenosides isolated from ginseng are known to be biologically active components. This brief review summarizes some of new findings from recently published papers on ginsenosides or ginseng saponins. Therefore, this paper includes the various effects of ginsenosides on neuronal cell growths, on behavior of experimental animals, on enzyme activities, on the release and uptake of neurotransmitters, on neuronal cell excitability, on the motility of intestine, on antitumor activity, on cardiovascular system and metabolism. In spite of various effects of ginsenosides on various cells or organs, it is still to date impossible for one to clearly explain the exact mechanism on the action of ginsenosides. However, in this article I will discuss several papers providing possible explanations on the physiological and pharmacological actions including signal transudation pathway of ginsenosides. The elucidation of the exact mechanism of ginsenosides on cellular or molecular level will not only give us a chance to explain why people have used ginseng as an elixir of life for several thousands of year but also give us a crucial chance to apply ginseng to modern medicine.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 1992

This experiment was Conducted ta screening for the anti-cancer efficacy from the wild plants which are naturally growing in the Korea. The results are as follows. The results were shown thatZea may L. nad significantly effects on mediculal efficacy anganist anti-tumor by usulg the totalpacked cell volume methods and also, severals plants, such as Sofonum nigrum, Patrinia hispidoBunge, Eragrostis, ferrugenia Beauv, Salaginela pouzolgiana Spring, Platrycarya strobilacea Bunge,Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook fil. which are collected from Giri and Mooju mountain in Koreaand Nagano in Japan were showed effects on auti-tumor. But the pharmaceologial activities ofPharbitis nil Choisy was believed to strong effec on anti - cancer tumors, while toxicity of its wasshown high that induced te kill all used mice. Extraction of Patrinia hispida Bunge, Pharbitis nilChoisy, Toilis japonica DC, Eragrostis erruginea Beauv. and Forsythia koreana Nakai showed effec-tively supressed on growth rate of cancer tumor by the below 50 percent of T/C ratio at 30mg /mlof extraction from plant. That Is strong activity while Reynouxria japonica Houtt. was observed onlymild activities. The above results many possibly suggest that Patrinia hispido Bunge and Eragrostisferrugina Beauv. inhibited the growth of cancer tumor by the both total packed cell volume methodand cytotoxicity method. Although basic research is still going on, we will find out an accurate moth-od for developing useful medicinal plant to improve pharmacological activites against anti-cancertumor, especialy, in Eragrostis ferruginea Beauv.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.535-542
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• 1996

Seven isoazamitosene derivatives, mitomycin analogues, were synthesized and tested for cytotoxicities against leukemia and gastric cancer cell lines. Preparation of a pyrrolo[1, 2-a]benzimidazole (3) (azamitosene ring system) was completed by utilizing the Lewis acid-catalized cyclization, with .omicron.-chloronitrotoluene as the starting material. Nitration of 3 produced a mixtue of two isomers (5-nitro isomer (4) and 7-nitro isomer (5)) in product ratio of 36 : 52. 4 was directly converted into quinone (7) by reduction and Fremy oxidaton. Finally, quinone derivatives (8, 9, 10, and 11) were synthesized by 1, 4-addition of 7 with cyclic secondary amines. From above-mentioned 5, 8-nitro compound (15) was prepared in 4 steps. At pH 3, Fremy oxidation of 15 produced quinone (16), whereas iminoquinone derivatives (17a and 17b) at pH 7. Isoazamitosene derivatives (8, 9, 10, and 11), containing cyclic amino groups at the 7-position, showed potent cytotoxicity on P388, SNU-1, and KHH tumor cell lines. Among them, 8 had stronger cytotoxicity against SNU-1 cell line than mitomycin and adriamycin. Considering these results, isoazamitosene derivatives may had unique cytotoxicity profiles. However, isoiminoazamitosene derivatives (17a and 17b) revealed very weak cytotoxicity.