• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1355-1363
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• 2011

많은 임상 실험을 통해 마늘(Allium sativum)이 심혈관 질환에 유효한 효과가 알려져 있다. 흑마늘(AGE)은 항산화, 항염증, 항암 효과 등 다양한 생물학적 효과가 보고되었다. 그러나, 흑마늘의 심혈관계 질환과의 상관관계에 대한 연구는 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 흑마늘과 그 유래 성분이 혈소판에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 백서의 혈액을 얻어, 흑마늘과 그 유래 성분의 thrombin에 의해 유도되는 혈소판 응집에 대한 억제 효과를 조사한 결과, 흑마늘과 diallyl sulphides는 농도의존적으로 혈소판 응집을 억제함을 관찰하였다. 또한 in vivo 실험에서도 마늘 오일과 S-Allylmercapto-cystein (SAMC)는 thrombin과 ADP에 의해 유도되는 혈소판 응집을 유의성 있게 억제하는 것을 관찰하였다. 흑마늘 유래 SAMC와 diallyl sulphides가 혈소판 응집 억제 효과를 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 흑마늘이 심혈관계 질환의 예방을 위한 건강보조식품으로의 새로운 가능성을 제시한다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권2호통권145호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2006

Garlic(Allium sativum Linn) is widely used as a common condiment for a variety of foods and beverages. It has been well known that fresh garlic and garlic supplement of commercial preparations have various therapeutic properties including antimicrobial activity, antiplatelet aggregation, antihypertension, and cholesterol-lowering effects, which contribute to its increasing uses for an alternative medicine. Allicin(diallyl thiosulfinate), the major bioactive components of garlic, is formed by alliinase cleavage of the naturally occurring alliin upon crushing or mincing of garlic, and is the progenitor of a number of other products, such as diallyl disulfide. CYP3A4, heme-containing monooxygenase, is a key enzyme responsible for drug metabolism. Therefor, in the present study, we isolated and examined the compounds with CYP3A4-inhibiting activities from garlic. Among EtOAc extracts of garlic, we found that N-p-coumaroyltyramine and N-feruloyltyramine showed remarkable CYP3A4-inhibiting activities, compared to diallyl disulfide. Structures of the isolated active compounds were established by chemical and spectroscopic means.

• 대한상부위장관⦁헬리코박터학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2018

New oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are now widely used for the prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis, and for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. As compared with warfarin, NOACs have the advantage of rapid onset of action and less drug interaction. However, they carry a higher risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding than warfarin. The risk of GI bleeding in patients using NOACs varies according to the type and dose of the drug. By contrast, apixaban and edoxaban are reported to carry similar risks as warfarin, and the risks with dabigatran and rivaroxaban are higher than that with warfarin. In patients using NOACs, old age, impaired renal function, impaired liver function, concurrent use of antiplatelet agents, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are considered major risk factors of GI bleeding, and gastroprotective agents such as histamine-2 receptor antagonist and proton pump inhibitor have preventive effects. To prevent GI bleeding associated with NOACs, the characteristics of each NOAC and the risk factors of bleeding should be recognized.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Signal transduction in Toxicology
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• pp.160-160
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• 2001

We recently reported that, 2-chloro-3-(4-hexylphenyI)-amino-l, 4-naphthoquinone(NQ304), a naphthoquinone derivative, had potent inhibitory effects on the platelet aggregation in vitro and thrombosis in vivo. Furthermore, we reported the antiplatelet mechanism of NQ304 by the reduction of the thromboxane A2 formation, inhibition of adenosine triphosphate release and intracellular calcium mobilization.(omitted)

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2023

Here, we present a case of a 56-year-old man with acute myocardial infarction. The patient underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at the left main bifurcation and mid-left anterior descending artery using drugeluting stents. Four months after the PCI, the patient was readmitted for cardiac arrest. Coronary angiography (CAG) revealed stent thrombosis in the left main-to-proximal left anterior descending artery and in-stent restenosis in the left main-to-proximal left circumflex artery. We performed balloon angioplasty at the left main to mid-left anterior descending artery and left main to proximal left circumflex artery stents; subsequently, blood flow was fully restored. However, contrast agent extravasation was observed outside the mid-portion of the left main artery to the proximal left anterior descending artery stent, indicating the presence of a coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) outside the stent. After guideline-directed medical therapy with dual antiplatelet agents and high-intensity statins, follow-up CAG revealed near-resolution of the CAA, absence of stenotic lesions, and good blood flow.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2009

Ginkgo biloba (G. biloba) extract is a widely used phytomedicine for the oral treatment of peripheral vascular disease. Cilostazol is a synthetic antiplatelet and vasodilating agent for the treatment of intermittent claudication resulting from peripheral arterial disease. It is likely to use concomitantly G. biloba extract and cilostazol for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease, which raises a concern of increasing their adverse effects of herbal-drug interactions. To clarify any possible herbal-drug interaction between G. biloba extract and cilostazol, the effect of the G. biloba extract on the pharmacokinetics of cilostazol was investigated. As cilostazol is known to be eliminated mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism, we investigated the effects of G. biloba extract on the human CYP enzyme activities and the effect of G. biloba extract on the pharmacokinetics of cilostazol after co-administration of the two agents to male beagle dogs. The G. biloba extract inhibited more or less CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 enzyme activities in the in vitro microsomal study with $IC_{50}$ values of 30.8, 60.5, and $25.2{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In the pharmacokinetic study, co-administration with the G. biloba extract had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of cilostazol in dogs, although CYP2C has been reported to be responsible for the metabolism of cilostazol. In conclusion, these results suggest that there may not be a pharmacokinetic interaction between G. biloba extract and cilostazol.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2009

Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid, a member of the salicylate family, is frequently used as an analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet drug. Because aspirin is chemically unstable in water and heat for tablet formulation, additives including lubricants are used in preparing aspirin tablets, using a dry-granulation process. Aspirin tablets are produced by a number of manufacturers which usually use their own unique combination of additives during the manufacturing process. In this study, we employed an NMR based metabolomics technique to identify the manufacturers of various aspirin tablets. Aspirin tablets from six different companies were analyzed by 1H 400 MHz NMR. The acquired data was then integrated and processed by principal component analysis (PCA). Based on the NMR data, we were able to identify peaks corresponding to acetylsalicylic acid in all of the six samples, whereas different NMR patterns were found in the aromatic and aliphatic regions depending on the unique additive used. These observations led to the conclusion that the differences in the NMR patterns among the different aspirin tablets were due to the presence of additives.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.414-417
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• 2007

A 52-year-old woman with hypertension and moyamoya disease presented with chronic subdural hematoma [CSDH]. The presumed cause of bleeding was ascribed to administrated antiplatelet agents. She responded slowy and clumsily to verbal commands and had right arm weakness. After surgery, her clinical condition improved. But two days after surgery, her symptoms became aggravated and a convulsive seizure was noted within 24 hours. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed no organic lesion except a small amount of residual CSDH. In addition, there was no laboratory evidence of metabolic brain disease. Moreover, after the administration of an antiepileptic drug [phenytoin], her manifestations disappeared. Therefore, the authors presume that her symptoms were resulted from nonconvulsive status epilepticus [NCSE], despite a lack of ictal period electroencephalographic findings. The authors were unable to find a single case report on postoperative NCSE in Korea. Therefore, the authors report this case of nonconvulsive status epilepticus after drainage of a CSDH in a patient with moyamoya disease.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual status of antithrombotic management before and after the procedure or surgery, the difference between the duration of medication suspension by clinical and demographic characteristics, and the patient's understanding and satisfaction after medication management by a dedicated nurse. The results were as follows. The most commonly used antithrombotic agents were aspirin and flavitol. The drug discontinuation period according to antithrombotic, procedures, and underlying diseases, there was a significant difference in duration for each variables(p<.000). In the case of antiplatelet drugs, 5-day suspension was the most frequent, and anticoagulants 2-day suspension was the most frequent. Depending on the procedure,colonoscope,nucleoplasty,rotator cuff repair,and total knee arthroplasty commonly showed more than 80% of 5-day discontinuation. The differences according to underlying diseases are as follows. 64.7% of all diseases discontinued on the 5th. The patient's understanding of the nurse's medication management performed before and after the procedure was found to be lower in Angina patients than those with other diseases. In terms of age, those in their 50s showed higher understanding than other age groups. There were no differences in understanding and satisfaction with the remaining characteristics.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2022

Cudrania tricuspidata (C. tricuspidata), a medicinal plant widely employed throughout Asia in ethnomedicine, has various bioactive properties, including antidiabetic, antiobesity, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, the C. tricuspidata root extract reportedly inhibits platelet aggregation. Therefore, we focused on the active substances present in the C. tricuspidata extract. Sanggenon N (SN) is a flavonoid found in the root bark of C. tricuspidata. In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effects of SN on platelet aggregation, phosphoproteins, thromboxane A₂ generation, and integrin αIIbβ3 activity. SN inhibited collagen-induced human platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, SN suppressed Ca²⁺ mobilization and influx through associated signaling molecules, such as inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor I (Ser¹⁷⁵⁶), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. In addition, SN inhibited thromboxane A₂ generation and associated signaling molecules, including cytosolic phospholipase A₂ and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38. Finally, SN could inhibit integrin (αIIb/β₃) activity by regulating vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein and Akt. Collectively, SN possesses potent antiplatelet effects and is a potential therapeutic drug candidate to prevent platelet-related thrombosis and cardiovascular disease.