• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2006

Growth of G. max treated with $NO_3^-$-N was decreased by high NaCl treatments, but $NH_4NO_3$-fed plants showed good growth with enhanced activity of antioxidative enzymes (SOD and APX). Especially, activity of APX was higher in 5 mM $NH_4NO_3$-fed plants than other types of N-supplied plants throughout the stress period. Higher SOD activity under salt stress was accompanied by increase in APX activity in 5 mM $NH_4NO_3$-fed plants. Similarly, application of calcium confirmed somewhat positive effects on growth. Salt-treated soybean plants showed the best growth response with the increase of SOD and APX activity at an additional 5 mM calcium treatment. Especially, the increase of SOD activity through the strengthened CuZn-SOD isoform was remarkable.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2001

To investigate the deaging effects of introperitoneally injected Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) on various enzyme activity (AST, ALT, MDA (Malon dialdehyde), SOD (Superoxide dismutase), GPx (Glutathione peroxidases) and histophathology of liver tissue, ovariectomized rats were used. The antioxidative effects of chondroitin sulfate (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight) were investigated at the antioxidative enzyme activities of liver homogenate fractions (liver total homogenate, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions) and sera. In addition, the rat liver was histologically examined. Intraperitoneally injected CS, depend on dosage, indicated a protective effect against ovariectomy-inducted aging. Moreover, inflammation and cirrhosis in liver tissue of CS treated group were significantly decreased. Based on these results, intraperitoneally injected CS is a useful material to delay aging.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.158-161
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of a ${\gamma}$-irradiated pork (0-30 kGy) diet on lipid peroxidation, cytochrome P-450 content, microsomal glucose 6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activity and antioxidative defense systems in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. The body weight of rats fed irradiated diets did not change significantly. Liver weight was significantly increased by the administration of DEN, but not by irradiated diets at any dose level. There were no significant effects of gamma irradiation on the content of microsomal malondialdehyde (MDA), cytochrome P-450, or on the activity of G-6-Pase. However, with DEN treatment, cytochrome P-450 content was significantly increased while microsomal G-6-Pase activity was significantly decreased. The ${\gamma}$-irradiated diet supplement did not affect serum retinol or $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations. However, it did cause a significant decrease in hepatic retinol at 30 kGy. With DEN treatment, hepatic retinol content was even more significantly (p<0.05) decreased compared to the non-irradiated control. The enzyme activities related to antioxidative defense systems, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-Rx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were not affected by gamma irradiation. Those results suggest that an irradiated pork diet up to 30 kGy may not cause a health hazard in experimental animals.

• ALGAE
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2004

Hizikia fusiformis hydroysates by five carbohydrases (Viscozyme, Celluclast, Termamyl and Ultraflo) and five proteases (Protamex, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Flavourzyme and Alcalase) were investigated for their extraction efficacy (yield and total total polyphenolic content) and antioxidative activity (DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity). Termamyl and Ultraflo of the carbohydrases and Flavourzyme and Alcalase of proteases were selected by their high eficacy of extraction and antioxidative activity. Selected enzymes were used to investigate the optimum enzymatic reaction time and dosage (enzyme/substrate ratio) suitable for hydorolysis. Optimum reaction time for the enzymatic hydrolysis was 3 days and optimum dosage of hydrolysis was observed as 5%. Simultaneously, Ultraflo of the two carbohydrases and Alcalse of the two proteases were selected as the most effective enzymes. Combination of Ultraflo and Alcalase under optimum hydrolysis conditions could intensify the extraction efficacy of antioxidative materials form H. fusiformis. The hydrolysate obtained by combining the enzymes was separated into four different molecular weight fractions (<1kD, 1-10 kD, 10-30 kD and >30 kD) and recorded the polyphenolic content distribution and respective antioxidative ability. The fraction <1kD was identified as less effective and those fractions > 1kD indicated comparatively higher antioxidative activities related to their polyphenolic content.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.651-657
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• 1995

모유성분을 고분자분획(20KD 이상 분자)과 저분자분획(20KD 이하 분자)으로 나누어 항산화력을 검토한 결과, 고분자분획이 저분자분획 보다 더 강력한 항산화력을 나타내었다. 이 모유의 항산화력은 주로 20KD 이상에 존재하는 항산화 효소에 기인할 가능성이 시사되어 모유의 채유 기간에 따른 항산화 효소를 비롯하여 protein-SH와 nonprotein-SH를 검토한 결과, catatase는 7일째 현저히 저하한데 비해 GSH peroxidase, GSH S-transferase는 7일째를 전후로 현저히 증가한 후 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. Protein-SH는 채유 기간에 따라 차츰 감소하였으나 nonprotein-SH는 20일째 peak를 이루고 그 후 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 부터 모유의 고분자분획은 강력한 항산화력을 나타내었으며, 이 항산화력은 catalase, GSH peroxidase 및 GSH S-transferase 등의 항산화 효소 활성에 기인할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.721-725
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• 2001

성장 시기에 따른 돌산 갓의 부위별 즙액 첨가에 의한 생리기능성을 연구하였다. 생리기증성을 평가하기 위하여 돌산갓을 분쇄하여 여과하고 원심 분리하여 얻은 상등액을 여과하여 시료로 사용하였다. 세포독성 평가를 위한 돌산 갓 즙액의 농도는 1%, 3%, 6% 로 조제하여 간암세포에 첨가하였다. 세포독성은 갓 즙액 6% 첨가 시에 성장기간이 20일인갓의 개량종 뿌리에서 78.2%로 가장 높게 나타났다. DPPH 방법에 의한 항산화 활성 평가에서는 20일 자란 재래종 잎이 80.4%로서 가장 높게 나타났다. ACE 저해 활성으로는 60일 자란갓에서는 개량종 잎이 94.0%로서 가장 ACE 저해율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 돌산 갓의 부위별 첨가에 의한 생리기능성 평가에서 재래종과 개량종 사이에 큰차이를 발견할 수는 없었으나 부위별로 항암성은 뿌리에서 항산화성과 ACE 저해율은 잎에서 비교적 활성이 높게 나타났다.

• 약학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2007

The oxidative stress causes many diseases like cancer, aging, cardiovascular disease, degenerative neurological disorders (Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer's disease) by damage of cell membrane, protein deformation, and damage of DNA due to the oxidation of lipid of cell membrane, protein of tissue or enzyme, carbohydrate, and DNA. It is caused by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is produced in the metabolic process of oxygen in cell. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in cell systemize the antioxidative enzymes to control the oxidative stress. In this research, it is measured that the survival rate of cell by the typical isoflavonoid of daidzein or genistein, activity of antioxidative enzyme, and ROS level, in order to study the effect of isoflavonoid over the ROS production in cell and antioxidative system. As the similar action of the isoflavonoid with the estrogen is examined, women are encouraged to get bean. In view of this trend, it is very important to find out a combination medicine that lowers the oxidative stress caused by the daidzein in the ovarian cell. In the combined treatment of the typical antioxidant of vitamin C to oxidative stress which induced by daidzein recover the control level particularly lowering the ROS in cell by 30%. However, it made no effect in the combined treatment with genistein. Therefore, the research took the combination effect of daidzein with vitamin C in order to check it effect over the antioxidative system. In conclusion, it was disclosed that the oxidative stress caused by daidzein is related to the lowering activity of SOD, and the specific combination effect of daidzein with vitamin C is related to the recovery of SOD activity.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2003

해안에 주로 분포하는 Atriplex gmelini(가는갯능쟁이)의 염 내성이 항산화 효소의 활성증가에 의한 것인가를 조사하기 위해 다양한 농도의 염 처리에 의한 광계 Ⅱ 양자효율 및 항산화 효소의 활성 변화를 조사하였다. A. gmelini는 100 mM NaCl처리구에서 가장 높은 지상부 건물함량(대조구의 116%) 및 최적의 생장을 보였으며, 300 mM NaCl처리에 의해서도 체내 수분함량과 건물량의 감소를 보이지 않아 염에 대한 높은 내성을 보였다. 단기간(2, 4일)의 염 처리시 외부 염 농도 구배에 따른 Fv/Fm값(양자효율)의 증가, Fo/Fm값(스트레스지표)의 감소 및 SOD, APX, GR과 같은 항산화 효소의 활성 증가를 나타내어 광화학적 스트레스 혹은 항산화 방어시스템의 손상을 보이지 않았다. 그러나 400 mM NaCl을 처리한 식물의 경우, 비록 대조구(0 mM NaCl)에 비해 높은 항산화 효소 활성값(SOD 171%, APX 114%, GR 134%)을 보였지만 생장감소(잎, 줄기 각각 30%, 16%) 및 고농도 염에 의한 활성의 감소양상을 나타내었다. 흥미롭게도, H₂O₂제거에 중요한 역할을 하는 또 다른 효소인 CAT의 활성이 염에 의한 빠른 감소(200, 300, 400 mM NaCl 처리구의 경우 각각 대조구의 38%, 22%, 15%)를 보여, A. gmelini는 염에 의해 생성된 활성산소 제거와 염분 내성에 ascorbate-glutathione cycle의 APX, GR이 중요한 역할을 수행하는 것으로 생각된다. 그러나, 염 처리 6일 후, Fv/Fm값의 감소, Fo/Fm값의 증가 및 항산화 효소의 활성감소를 보여 광화학적 저해 및 항산화 방어시스템의 손상을 나타내었다. A. gmelini는 단기간의 염 처리(염 처리 2, 4일)시, 염에 의해 유도된 ROS증가에 대해 항산화 시스템의 활성 강화를 통해 균형을 이루지만, 6일 이상의 지속적인 염에 의해서는 항산화 효소의 활성감소와 광화학적 손상으로 인한 ROS증가로 산화적 스트레스가 유발되는 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on the lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidative enzymes in the pancreas of diabetic KK mice. KK mice were fed high ft diet containing 20% corn oil(wt/wt), and sacrificed at 2 months of diabetes. A hish vitamin E diet consisted of the high fat diet supplemented with an excessive amount of 이-$\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate (2080IU/kg diet). The incidence of diabetes mellitus was 61% when mice were fed the high fat diet, but was 44% when mice were fed the high vitamin E diet, Vitamin E supplementation fhus seems to have the effect of decreasing of decreasing the onset of diaetes. In the diabetic group, we found increases of MDA (malondialdehyde) and antioxidative enzyme activities. Treatment with vitamin E did not modify the level of fasting blood glucose. However, MDA and antiosicative enzyme activities in diabetic mice were decreased by the high vitamin E diet. Increased levels of lipid peroxidation products suggests the occurrence of oxidative damage in the pancreas of diabetic mice. The increased level of antiosicative enzyme activities could be due to an adaptive response to conditions of increased peroxidative stress. Significant normalization on catalase activity was noted in vitamin E supplemented animals.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.684-689
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• 2003

속성 발효 및 기능성 멸치액젓의 제조에 사용할 수 있는 미생물 starter의 개발을 목적으로 전보에서 분리한 단백질 분해활성 및 혈전용해활성이 가장 우수했던 B. subtilis JM-3는 저온성 병원성 세균인 Listeria monocytogenes에 대한 항균활성이 가장 강하였으며, linoleic acid의 자동산화를 80%이상 억제하는 항산화활성을 나타내었다. 그리고 N-nitroso compound인 NDMA 및 NMO에 대하여서는 약 50%의 변이억제활성을 나타내었으며, SNU-1(사람의 위암세포)에 대하여 배양 원액 $20\;{\mu}L$를 첨가한 경우 88.9%의 높은 성장 억제율을 나타내어 기능성 멸치액젓 제조용 starter로서의 가능성이 확인되었으며, 앞으로 본 균주의 기능성 멸치액젓 starter로서의 이용을 극대화하기 위하여서는 돌연변이에 의한 호염성 변이주의 유전적 육종이나 형질 전환 방법 등을 응용한 호염성 미생물과의 접목을 통한 내염성 균주의 개발도 필요할 것으로 여겨진다.