• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.77-119
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• 2013

The genus Patrinia, belonging to the Valerianaceae family, includes ca. 20 species of herbaceous plants with yellow or white flowers, distributed in Korea, China, Siberia, and Japan. Among them, P. scabiosaefolia (yellow Patrinia), P. saniculaefolia, P. villosa (white Patrinia), and P. rupestris are found in Korea. Several members of this genus have long been used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation, wound healing, ascetics, and abdominal pain after childbirth. Thus far, ca. 217 constituents, namely flavonoids, iridoids, triterpenes, saponins, and others have been identified in this genus. Crude extract and isolated compounds have been found to exhibit anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, cytotoxic activities, lending support to the rationale behind several of its traditional uses. The present review compiles information concerning the phytochemistry and biological activities of Patrinia, with particular emphasis on P. villosa, as studied by our research group.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.325-329
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• 2004

The composition of essential oil from O. javanica was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using the broth dilution method and disk diffusion test, anti-microbial activities of the oil fraction and its main components were evaluated against various antibiotic-susceptible and resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms. As a result of GC-MS analysis, 57 compounds, including ${\alpha}-terpinolene$ (28.1%), dl-limonene (16.0%), ${\gamma}-terpinene$ (10.3%), ${\beta}-pinene$ (9.7%) and ${\alpha}-pinene$ (6.0%) were identified in the essential oil fraction. The essential oil fraction of O. javanica and its main components exhibited significant inhibitory activities, particularly against Candida albicans (antibiotic-susceptible strains) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (antibiotic- susceptible and resistant strains). The main components of the O. javanica oil fraction displayed different patterns of activity against the three tested Candida species as exemplified by the differential minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) values. The disk diffusion test showed that the activities were dose dependent.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.282-285
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• 2004

The polyene antibiotics including nystatin, pimaricin, amphotericin and candicidin are a family of most promising antifungal polyketide compounds, typically produced by rare actinomycetes species. The biosynthetic gene clusters for these polyenes have been previously investigated, revealing the presence of highly homologous biosynthetic genes among polyene-producers such as polyketide synthase (PKS) and cytochrome P450 hydroxylase (CYP) genes. Based on amino acid sequence alignment among actinomycetes CYP genes, the highly-conserved regions specific for only polyene CYP genes were identified and chosen for degenerate PCR primers, followed by the PCR-screening with various actinomycetes genomic DNAs. Among tested several polyene non-producing actinomycetes strains, Pseudonorcardia autotrophica strain was selected based on the presence of PCR product with polyene-specific CYP gene primers, and then confirmed to contain a cryptic novel polyene hydroxylase gene in the chromosome. These results suggest that the polyene-specific hydroxylase gene PCR should be an efficient way of screening and isolating potentially-valuable cryptic polyene antibiotic biosynthetic genes from various microorganisms including rare actinomycetes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2017

For centuries, plants have been used for a wide variety of purposes, from treating infectious diseases to food preservation and perfume production. Presently, the increasing resistance of microorganisms to currently used antimicrobials in combination with the appearance of emerging diseases requires the urgent development of new, more effective drugs. Plants, due to the large biological and structural diversity of their components, constitute a unique and renewable source for the discovery of new antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic compounds. In the present paper, the history, composition, and antimicrobial activities of the basil, oregano, and thyme essential oils are reviewed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1081-1085
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• 2004

Several 2-[[(benzoxazole/benzimidazole-2-yl)sulfanyl]acetylamino]thiazoles derivatives were synthesized by reacting 4-substituted-2-(chloroacetylamino)thiazoles with benzoxazole/benzimidazole-2-thioles in acetone and in the presence of $K_2CO_3$. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by IR, $^1H-NMR$, and $FAB^{+}-MS$ spectral data. Their antimicrobial activities against Micrococcus luteus (NRLL B-4375), Bacillus cereus (NRRL B-3711), Proteus vulgaris (NRRL B-123), Salmonella typhimurium (NRRL B-4420), Staphylococcus aureus (NRRL B-767), Escherichia coli (NRRL B-3704), Candida albicans and Candida globrata (isolates obtained from Osmangazi Uni. Fac.of Medicine) were investigated and in this investigation, a significant level of activity was illustrated.

• 약학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 1986

In order to study 2-formylpyridine dithiocarbohydrazones (DTCH's) and their Cu(II) chelates as potential effective antimicrobial agents, twelve new compounds of six DTCH's and their Cu(II) chelates were synthesized. The compositions of Cu(II) chelates were determined on the basis of the data obtained from elemental analysis, electronic and IR spectrophotometry, and other method. They were tested for antimicrobial activity in vitro against a gram-positive, seven gram-negative bacterial species and three fungal species. DTCH's exhibited high antibacterial activity against the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, but low activity against the various gram negative bacterial species. In contrast to DTCH'S, their Cu(II) chelates exhibited higher antibacterial activity against St. aureus, but weaker, if any, activity against the gram-negative bacterial species. Both DTCH's and their Cu(II) chelates showed relatively potent antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, but weak activity against Candida albicans and Candida pseudotropicalis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2003

Several fused triazolo and ditriazoloquinoxaline derivatives such as 1-aryl-4-chloro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines (3a-d), 4-alkoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines (4a,b), 4-substituted-amino-[1,2,4] triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines (5a-h), 1-(aryl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-thione (6), 4-(arylidenehydrazino )-1-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines (10a-e) and [1,2,4]ditriazolo[4,3-a:3',4'-c]quinoxaline derivatives (11-13) have been synthesized and some of these derivatives were evaluated for antimicrobial and antifungal activity in vitro. It was found that compounds 3a and 9b possess potent antibacterial activity compared to the standard tetracycline.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 1969

The fungistatic effects of extract and crystal (A) of Berberis Koreans Palibin, a common shrub in Korea, were obeserved and compared with undecylenic acid and vegetable oil. In vitro studies, the spores of fungi were inoculated on Sabouraud's glucose agar media which contained compounds of various concentration, and the growth of the fungi was observed for 3 weeks. The species of the fungi used in these experiments were Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum audouini, Microsporum canis, Microsporum nanum, Microsporum cookei, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton verrucosum. The results of the studies were as follows: 1. The growth of E. floccosum, M. audouni, M. canis, M. nanum, M. cookei, was inhibited in Sabouraud's glucose agar media containing extract and crystal (A) of Berberis Koreana Palibin 1 mg/ml.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2011

Coumarins are ubiquitous in plant kingdom and have been used as antitumor, antifungals, anticoagulants, insecticides. Chalcones are also widespread in plant kingdom and have been known to possess diverse biological activities; antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and anti-inflammatory, etc. As they are considered as important natural products, numerous synthetic approaches have been reported up to the present. We devise a new selective method of preparing dihydrocoumarins and chalcones from aryl cinnamates by the selection of reagents. Dihydrocoumarin derivatives were prepared selectively by using intramolecular cyclization catalyzed by p-toluene sulfonic acid. Also, chalcones were prepared by Fries-rearrangement catalyzed by $TiCl_4$. This method can be used for preparing various coumarin & chalcone compounds.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.4854-4862
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• 2010

본 연구에서 thyme oil의 주성분인 thymol (1)과 유사한 구조를 갖는 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol (2), 5-isopropyl-3-methylphenol (3), 4-isopropylphenol (4)과 2-isopropylphenol (5)을 출발 물질로 하여 sulfonyl ester 계열 유도체 25종을 합성하였다. IR, $^1H$-NMR과 GC/MS를 이용하여 이들 유도체들이 합성되었음을 확인하였다. 이들 유도체들에 대한 식물병원균의 생장 억제실험은 벼도열병균(Pyrcularia grisea), 벼잎집무늬마름병균(Rhizoctonia solani), 토마토잎마름역병균(Phytophthora infestans), 오이탄저병균(Colletotrichum orbiculare)과 오이흰가루병균(Sphaerotheca fusca)에 대하여 실시하였다. 그 결과, 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl o-toluenesulfonate (1a), 2-isopropylphenyl 2,4,5-trich lorobenzenesulfonate (5b)와 2-isopropylphenyl 2-methyl-5-nitrobenzenesulfonate (5e)는 각각 in vivo에서 벼도열병균(Pyrcularia grisea), 토마토잎마름역병균(Phytophthora infestans)과 오이흰가루병균(Sphaerotheca fusca)에 대하여 우수한 항균활성을 나타내었다.