• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.578-585
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• 2013

In this study, we evaluated the antidiabetic effect of a chloroform fraction of a methanol extract of Vigna nakashimae (designated VN) and compared it with that of a water fraction. Both fractions were administrated to eight-week old db/db mice for two weeks, after which the plasma glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels were measured. The chloroform fraction (VN-C) lowered the fasting glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin in the db/db mice more effectively than those of the water fraction (VN-W). VN-C also improved the glucose tolerance and led to a significant decrease in the plasma levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides. VN-C enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) in HepG2 and C2C12 cells more significantly than VN-W. Consistent with AMPK activation, VN-C inhibited cAMP/Dex-stimulated expression of gluconeogenic genes and increased glucose uptake in C2C12. Collectively, these results suggest that VN-C has an antidiabetic effect, which is exerted via AMPK activation, and that this effect is stronger than that of VN-W.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to establish the production conditions through optimization of the production process of beverages using Aspergillus oryzae CF1001, and to analyze volatile compounds and antidiabetic activity. Methods: The optimum condition was selected using the response surface methodology (RSM), through a regression analysis with the following independent variables gelatinization temperature (GT, $X_1$), saccharogenic time (ST, $X_2$), and dependent variable; ${\Delta}E$ value (y). The condition with the lowest ${\Delta}E$ value occurred with combined 45 min ST and $50^{\circ}C$ GT. The volatile compounds were analyzed quantitatively by GC-MS. Results: Assessment of antidiabetic activity of saccharogenic mixed grain beverage (SMGB) was determined by measurement of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity, and glucose uptake activity and glucose metabolic protein expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. Results of volatile compounds analysis, 62 kinds of volatile compounds were detected in SMGB. Palmitic acid (9.534% ratio), benzaldehyde (8.948% ratio), benzyl ethyl ether (8.792% ratio), ethyl alcohol (8.35% ratio), and 2-amyl furan (4.826% ratio) were abundant in SMGB. We confirmed that ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity, glucose uptake activity, and glucose-metabolic proteins were upregulated by SMGB treatment with concentration dependent manner. Conclusion: Saccharogenic mixed grain beverage (SMGB) showed potential antidiabetic activity. Further studies will be needed in order to improve the taste and functionality of SMGB.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.638-645
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• 2015

This study analyzed the physiological quality of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (ice plant) extract. M. crystallinum is a succulent plant found in Africa, southern Europe, North America, South America, and Australia. It has known antidiabetic, antioxidant, and activation of lipid metabolism effects. Extracts from M. crystallinum were prepared with methanol (MCM), ethanol (MCE), hot water (MCHW), and methanol after hot water (MCHM) extractions. The yields of MCM, MCE, MCHW, and MCHM were 0.37, 0.33, 0.50, and 0.07%, respectively. To determine the biological activities of the extracts, mushroom tyrosinase, pancreatic lipase, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, nitric oxide (NO) production, and α-glucosidase assays were conducted. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the MCHW extract was 62.9% at a concentration of 400 μg/ml, which was the highest of all the extracts. The MCM extract showed the highest inhibition activity of α-glucosidase and NO production (56.6 and 57.2%, respectively). The pancreatic lipase inhibition of the MCE extract was similar to that of the MCM extract, with significant inhibition of 90%. The mushroom tyrosinase inhibition of all the extracts was very low (approximately 30%). These results suggest that extracts from M. crystallinum have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, and antidiabetic activities. Thus, it may have potential as a functional food product and therapeutic potential as an antidiabetic or antiobesity agent.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2023

Objectives: Moroccan Arbutus unedo is an essential medicinal plant; however, little is known about the biological properties of its leaves mentioned in Moroccan traditional medicine. Methods: Various standard experiments were performed to evaluate the phytochemical, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and acute and sub-chronic toxicity characteristics of A. unedo leaves. Results: Phytochemical screening led to the identification of several phytochemical classes, including tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and anthraquinones, with high concentrations of polyphenols (31.83 ± 0.29 mg GAEs/g extract) and flavonoids (16.66 ± 1.47 mg REs/g extract). Further, the mineral analysis revealed high levels of calcium and potassium. A. unedo extract demonstrated significant antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities by inhibiting α-amylase (1.350 ± 0.32 g/mL) and α-glucosidase (0.099 ± 1.21 g/mL) compared to the reference drug Acarbose. Also, the methanolic extract of the plant exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract. Precisely, three of the four examined bacterial strains exhibited substantial susceptibility to the methanolic extract . Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values indicated that A. unedo harbor abundant bactericidal compounds. For toxicological studies, mice were administered with A. unedo aqueous extract at single doses of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg. They did not exhibit significant abnormal behavior, toxic symptoms, or death during the 14-day acute toxicity test and the 90-day sub-chronic toxicity test periods. The general behavior, body weight, and hematological and biochemical status of the rats were assessed, revealing no toxicological symptoms or clinically significant changes in biological markers observed in the mice models, except hypoglycemia, after 90 days of daily dose administration. Conclusion: The study highlighted several biological advantages of A. unedo leaves without toxic effects in short-term application. Our findings suggest that conducting more comprehensive and extensive in vivo investigations is of utmost importance to identify molecules that can be formulated into pharmaceuticals in the future.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 1999

Antidiabetic activity and mechanism of Supungsungihyan(SPSGH) were examined in db/db mice, which is a spontaneously hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and obese animal model. SPSGH and acarbose were administered orally for 4 weeks. Fasting and non-fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin and trig-lyceride of SPSGH treated group were all reduced when compared with those of db/db control group. At 12th week after birth, SPSGH increased an insulin secretion although statistic significance was not seen. Total activities of sucrose, maltase and lactase in SPSGH treated group were not significantly different from those in db/db control. On the other hand, sucrase and maltase activities in acarbose treated groups were increased. Effect of SPSGH on mRNA expression of glucose transporter(GLUT-4) was also examined by RT-PCR and in vitro transcription with co-amplification of rat $\beta$-actin gene as an internal standard. Muscular GLUT-4 mRNA expression in SPSGH treated group was increased significantly. These results may suggest that SPSGH lowered blood glucose ascribing to upregulation of muscular GLUT-4 mRNA expression.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.198-202
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• 2014

Two new yeast records, Cryptococcus adeliensis YJ19-2 and Cryptococcus uzbekistanensis YJ10-4 were screened from 60 yeasts strains that were isolated and identified from wild flowers in Yokjido, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The morphological and cultural characteristics of the newly recorded yeasts and the physiological functionalities of the supernatants and cell-free extracts obtained from their cultures were investigated. The two newly recorded yeasts did not form ascospores and pseudomycelia. They also grew well in yeast extract-peptone-dextrose broth. C. uzbekistanensis YJ10-4 grew in a vitamin-free medium and was also tolerant to sugar and salt. Antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of the supernatant from C. adeliensis YJ19-2 was high (71.8%) and its cell-free extract also showed very high (81.2%) antidiabetic $\acute{a}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 2015

Four different kinds of coffee beans (CS, Colombia supremo; EY, Ethiopia yirgacheffee; IM, Indonesia mandheling; and IMM, India monsooned malabar) were roasted at 200 and $250^{\circ}C$ for 10, 15, and 20 min. To determine the optimum roasting conditions, various components of the coffee beans such as pyrazines produced during the roasting, and their antioxidant and antidiabetic effects were analyzed. The different roasting condition did not affect on the concentration of caffeine. However, the amount of 5-caffeoylquinic acid and the total phenolics decreased significantly, at a greater temperature and a longer roasting time. The greatest amount of pyrazines was produced from the IMM however, the amount of pyrazines decreased rapidly at $250^{\circ}C$ according to increasing in roasting time. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity was mostly 80% more effective than that of BHT and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol activities at the same concentration. In the case of the FRAP assay, the reducing power of the coffee slightly decreased at a greater temperature pand longer time. While the inhibitory effect on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was negligible, the activity decreased by more than 80% when the coffee beans were roasted at $250^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. The inhibitory effect on ${\alpha}$-amylase showed similar results. Taken together, the optimum roasting conditions were determined to be $200^{\circ}C$ and 15 min, which provided the best physiological activity and nutty and chocolatey aromas from the pyrazine of coffee.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.329-335
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• 2008

Korean Deep ground sea-like water (KDSW) has a similar mineral composition with deep sea water. KDSW has demonstrated its usefulness and attracted in the medical fields. KDSW and Danasoo (desalted deep ground sea-like water) intake improve antioxidant, antidiabetic activity and immunity. Antioxidant activities of KDSW and Dnansoo were measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-l-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, superoxide dismutase-like activity (SODA) and photochemiluminescence (PCL). DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activities of KDSW and Danasoo were remarkably increased in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant activities of KDSW and Danasoo 85.32 and 14.02 nmol of ascorbic acid equivalent/ml KDSW and Danasoo, respectively, using the PCL method. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages RAW264.7 cells was inhibited up to 30% by treatment with Danasoo (20%). NO is synthesized by the enzyme of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and plays an important role tumor growth and angiogenesis. The anticancer effects of Danasoo on human gastric and lung cancer cells was performed by levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Danasoo significantly reduced iNOS expression of human gastric cancer (SNU-l) and lung carcinoma (A549). The serum glucose level was significantly reduced by Danasoo (20%) diet in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. These result suggest that KDSW has excellent biological activities and thus it has great potential as a source for natural health products.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2012

Herbal medicines have been used since the dawn of civilization to maintain health and to treat diseases. Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading cause of death in many developed countries. The incidence of diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate in India. It was estimated that India which had 19.4 million diabetes in 1995 is expected to register a near threefold increase by. Many plants reported to be useful for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in ayurvedic medicine, are being tested for their hypoglycemic activity in experimental animals Lagerstroemia flos- reginae is one such plant commonly found as shade trees in Kerala. In Ayurveda both root and leaves are used in the treatment of diabetes. The main objective of this study was to assess the antidiabetic effect of the alcohol extracted leaves of Lagerstroemia flos- reginae in alloxan induced diabetic rats in terms of controlling blood glucose level, lipid profile, bilirubin, uric acid in serum and lipid peroxides and glutathione in the liver of the experimental animals. The present study has been undertaken to observe the protective effect of the active constituents of Lagerstroemia flos- reginae leaf extracts against alloxan induced diabetes in experimental animal model. The activity of the active constituents was compared with Daonil -a standard drug.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

The antioxidant and anti-diabetes effects were evaluated by the ethanol extracts from Astragalus membranaceus root classified by years using through DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$) scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, reducing power activity, $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activities. $IC_{50}$ values for DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract from 6 years old root ($749.25{\mu}g/mL$) was higher than 1 year ($1452.67{\mu}g/mL$) and 3 years old root ($1095.61{\mu}g/mL$). 6 years old root showed better effects in ${\cdot}OH$ scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$: $10.58{\mu}g/mL$), reducing power, total phenolic contents ($26.13{\pm}0.79\;Tan\;{\mu}g/mg$, $24.03{\pm}0.74\;Cat\;{\mu}g/mg$) $\alpha$-amylase ($33.33{\pm}0.55%$) and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity ($49.71{\pm}1.01%$). On the other hand, total flavonoid compound contents were estimated much higher in 1 year old root ($44.93{\pm}1.35\;Que\;{\mu}g/mg$, $70.32{\pm}2.03\;Rut\;{\mu}g/mg$) than others. Based on these results, It was suggested that 6 years old root of A. membranaceus has a potential candidate for functional cosmetic and medicine.