• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.500-505
• /
• 2005

Purpose : This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection during an epidemic period by means of examining the antibody conversion rate and to investigate the association of the antibody conversion with age, initial antibody titer, and atopy. Methods : We chose 191 children whose antibody titer to M. pneumoniae was negative, 1 : 40, or 1 : 80 during the first half of 2003. After the second half of 2003 when the M. pneumoniae epidemic occurred, follow-up collection of sera was performed during the first half of 2004. M. pneumoniae antibody titer was measured by Serodia-Myco II particle agglutination test. Results : Of 191 children, antibody conversion was detected in 83 children(43.5 percent). No significant difference was found between the conversion and non-conversion group with respect to age, sex and atopy. Dividing the subjects into four groups by age, results on the antibody conversion rate revealed no significant differences between the groups. Assessed by initial antibody titer, a diminished trend of conversion rate was observed in children with 1 : 80 titer but the difference was not significant. There was no significant difference in the antibody conversion rate between atopic and non-atopic children. Conclusion : Based on the antibody conversion rate in this study, the prevalence of M. pneumoniae infection during an epidemic period was estimated to be 43.5 percent. This high infection rate suggests that during an epidemic, we should bear in mind M. pneumoniae as an important etiologic agent for respiratory infection in children.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.293-299
• /
• 1999

Accumulation of toxic waste byproducts in hybridoma culture can limit cell growth and monoclonal antibody (MAb) productivity, and one of the major toxic metabolites is lactate produced via glycolytic pathway of glucose metabolism. The factors affecting the glucose to lactate conversion rate were investigated. The conditions of high initial glucose concentration and high growth rate stimulated glucose to lactate conversion rate. The glucose-controlled fed-batch culture was investigated, and 19% reduction in lactate formation and 41% enhancement of MAb titer could be achieved by fed-batch culture.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 1999

Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine(MPS) cause by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has been recognized as a serious impediment to swine production due to chronic respiratory disorder which result in the weight loss and decreased feed conversion. The disease causes a great economic losses in pig industry by characterizing with high morbidity, low mortality, growth retardation and low feed efficiency. The present study was conducted to investigate the titers of antibody against M hyopneumoniae from the regional and seasonal groups of the slaughtered pigs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The result have shown that the average seropositive rate of M hyopneumoniae infection was 84.6% . The regional seropositive rate in Korea showed 87.4% in Kyonggj, 83.4n in Kangwon, 89.2% in Chungnam and 77.6% in Chungbuk area, respectively. Also the seasonal seropositive rate was appeared as 78.6% in spring,90.1% in summer, 76.9% in autumn and 83.8% in winter, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.333-341
• /
• 1990

To investigate bovine leukosis virus (BLV) infection in the cattle rearing in a dairy farm where a case of bovine lymphosarcoma had been identified several years ago, the 196 Holstein cattle including newborn calves to 12 years of age were tested. The BLV antibody test and peripheral lymphocyte count for bovine leukosis were carried out by the immunodiffusion (ID) test and Bendixen's Kep. These tests were performed 2 to 4 times at the interval of 3 to 5 months. The observed results were as follows: 1. The positive rates of BLV-antibody in the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd and the 4th tests were 23.3%, 28.1%, 49.0% and 55.7%, respectively. The conversion rates from negative to positive in the 2nd, the 3rd and the 4th tests were 8.9%, 41.4%, and 20.0%, respectively. Results showed that the highest conversion rate was observed at the 3rd test which was conducted after winter. The highest positive rate by ID test were observed in 4 year old cattle in the 1st and 2nd tests, and in 2 year old herd in the 3rd and 4th tests. 2. In hematological test by Bendixen's Key, the positive and suspicious rates in the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd and the 4th tests were 5.8 and 7.8%, 8.3 and 6.6%, 8.7 and 10.1%, 10.8 and 19.6% respectively. Results showed that the positive and. suspicious rates increased in course of time. 3. 70 to 100% of the positive cattle in hematological test were positive for BLV-antibody test. All of 13 cattle with persistent lymphocytosis (PL) were also positive for BLV-antibody, indicating the high relationship between PL and BLV-antibody. 4. The number of total leukocytes and absolute lymphocytes in the BLV-antibody positive cattle appeared significantly higher than those of the negative cattle. The markedly increased cell counts were observed in the cattle over one year old. 5. The mean of total leukocytes and absolute lymphocytes in the negative cattle for BLV-antibody increased slightly after sero-conversion into positive. 6. In the clinical examinations during experimental periods, none of the 72 positive cattle for BLV-antibody showed any lesions for bovine leukosis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.403-415
• /
• 1974

The author has investigated epidemiological features of human cases of epidemic encephalitis (E. E.) in the Republic of Korea and the status of antibody requisition in pre-and post-epidemic time. And virological and serological studies with regarding the relationship of E. E. infection between human and piglet, and field survey against its vector by means of virus isolation from mosquitoes were carried out. Finally, vaccine field trial against human population has also been evaluated in order to confirm its effectiveness. The results of the studies are summarized as follows : 1. The annual incidence of reported cases during the past 25 years (1949-1973) in the Republic of Korea has shown two patterns, one was typical cyclic incidence and the other one was irregular. Annual average morbidity and mortality rate per 100,000 population were 5.7 and 2.1 and fatality rate was 34.6% in typical cyclic years. 2. With regard to the geographical distribution of E. E., the province of Jeolla-Bug-Do illustrated the highest incidence regardless of the epidemic size. 3. The main epidemic period was between mid-August and mid-September (above 90% of the total number of cases). The first case was reported in middle of July and the epidemic ceased in late of October. 4. An analysis of the age distribution of cases of E. E., has shown that above 90% of the total cases occurred in the age groups under 14 years and it was noted that about its 54% were occurred in the age groups between 5-9 years group. 5. Through the Haemagglutination Inhibition (H-I) test for the laboratory diagnosis of E. E., it was found that higher H-I antibody titer was usually detected in the convalescent phase, 15 days after onset. 6. The H-I antibody survey against 563 healthy population by age groups during the pre-epidemic season showed that 422(75%) were less than H-I titer, 1:20 and 122(21.7%) were positive H-I titer, 1:20. Among the 94 American in Seoul who had not been in E. E. endemic area previously only one person had appeared sero-conversion as a H-I titer of 1:80 after post-epidemic season. 7. The E. E. virus could be isolated from the mosquitos pools-C, tritaeniorhyncus which were caught between late July and middle August. 8. E.E. Virus was also isolated from piglet blood on early August and H-I antibody conversion was occurred mostly on middle of August. 9. H-I antibody sero-conversion rate reached to high level when vaccine purified by mouse brain tissue inoculated, showing 98.9%. Higher antibody titer was acquired when booster inoculation was performed, Four fold rise of H-I add N-T antibodies was confirmed with 93.2% and 82.1% respectively.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.120-127
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The study aimed at monitoring the immune status of health care workers (HCWs) of a tertiary hospital after accidental exposure to Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Methods: Between January 2004 and December 2006, 353 cases of exposure to Hepatitis B virus were reported. The HBV-exposed HCWs were required to undergo follow-up serum tests to analyze their immune status one year after the exposure. The obtained data were then analyzed to determine the incidence of exposure and of sero-conversion. Results: In this hospital, an average of 9.8 cases of Hepatitis B exposure among HCWs was reported in a month. Follow-up tests conducted after exposure revealed that 90.4% of the HBV-exposed HCWs were positive for Hepatitis B antibody and 66.9% of the HBV-exposed HCWs were reported to have antibody levels exceeding 10 mIU/mL. Results of serum tests for the HBV antigen conducted one year after exposure were negative for all the exposed HCWs. Conclusion: Among the 79.6% of the HCWs who underwent serum tests one year after exposure the HBV sero-conversion rate was 0.0%. However, a further investigation in the form of long-term and multi-center studies is required to confirm this result. Furthermore, an active system should be established to ensure that all exposed HCWs undergo follow-up serum tests.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2023

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze randomized controlled trial, which studied the effect of herbal medicine treatment on Antiphospholipid antibody positive recurrent abortion. Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trial of last 20 years based on Antiphospholipid antibody positive recurrent abortion and herbal medicine. The paper search was conducted through 7 online databases on July 16, 2022. Results: 9 studies were selected after selection and exclusion criteria. 5 studies compared combined treatment of herbal and western medicine, with western medicine alone. 4 studies compared herbal medicine alone with western medicine. Comparing with control group, the treatment group showed much improvement on conversion rate of anti-phospholipid antibodies, serum hCG and progesterone levels, pregnancy duration or fertility rates, and various symptoms. Conclusions: In this study, we found out benefit of herbal medicine with Antiphospholipid antibody positive recurrent abortion. For reliable evidence, further research is needed to establish safety of herbal medicines, standardize symptom criteria and specify the treatment course.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.244-249
• /
• 2004

The effects of supplemental betaine ($Betafin^{(R)}$) in the drinking water (50 g/kg) (WB) or feed (100 g/kg) (FB) were investigated on male broiler chickens ($Cobb{\times}Cobb$) exposed to 4 h episodes of heat stress at $34{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ on day (d) 35 and $36{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ from d 36 to 41. Prior to (d 1 to 34) and following heat exposure (d 35 to 41), betaine supplementation had no significant effect on body weight, total feed intake and cumulative feed conversion ratios of broilers. The total water intake of WB chicks was lower compared to controls. Prior to heat exposure, there was no difference in percentage of mortality among the three dietary groups. Following the heat challenge period, although higher percentage of control chicks succumbed to the heat challenge as compared to those of WB, it was not significantly different. The WB and FB chicks were less hyperthermic than controls in response to the heat challenge. Irrespective of treatment groups, the heat treatment resulted in a marked elevation in heterophil/lymphocyte ratios (HLR). The WB birds, however, had smaller increase in HLR than those of controls during heat exposure. Antibody production against Newcastle disease vaccine on day 35 was not affected by betaine supplementation. On d 42, WB birds had higher antibody production than those of FB. It is concluded that the WB treatment, as measured by HLR, antibody production and mortality rate, has advantages over the FB group under heat stress conditions.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.311-314
• /
• 2003

Under hyperosmotic stress, rCHO cells display decreased specific growth rate $({\mu})$ and increased specific antibody productivity $(q_{Ab})$. The effects of hyperosmotic stress on batch culture cellular dynamics are not well understood. To this end, we conducted a proteome profile of rCHO cells, using 2D-gel, MALDI-TOF-MS and MS/MS. As a result, the proteome profile of rCHO cells could be established using 41 identified proteins. Based on this proteome profile of rCHO cells, we have found at least 8 differently expressed spots at hyperosmotic osmolality (450 mOsm/kg). Among these spots, two metabolic enzymes were found to be up-regulated (pyruvate kinase and GAPDH), while down-regulated protein was identified as tubulin. It shows that hyperosmotic stress can alter metabolic state, by up-regulated activities of two glycolysis enzymes, which could lead to activate the generation of metabolic energy. Tubulin expression was down-regulated, suggesting a reduction of cell division. Finally, the increased conversion energy could leads to improve overall productivity.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2001

Background and Objectives: Nitric oxide (NO) is generated in mammalian tissue by the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline. This reaction is catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). NO is an important bioactive agent and a signalling molecule that mediates a variety of biologic actions such as vasodilation, neurotransmission, host defense, and iron metabolism but increased NO production may also contribute to the pathogenesis of a various of disorders, including cancer. Before now, the role of NO in thyroid gland is still investigated and it was supposed that NO mediate the angiogenesis in tumor growth. Others journal and works identified the expression of iNOS that involve by neutrophil and eNOS that involve in part in the vascular remodeling and to understand the role of NO in human thyroid gland. But authors revealed only eNOS in thyroid neoplasm. iNOS was identifed by inflammation in fault. Materials and Methods: Western blot analysis was performed, using a polyclonal antibody against eNOS (Rabbit polyclonal IgG). Using the same antibody, the distribution of eNOS was examined in 15 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples by immunohistochemistry. By NADPH consumption rate, NOS activity was estimated at nodular hyperplasia. Results: Western blot analysis exhibited that eNOS was significantly elevated in thyroid papillary carcinoma, compared to that in nodular hyperplasia and normal tissue. Immunohistochemistry showed that the immunoreacitivity was present more significantly in thyroid follicular epithelial cell layer than vascular endothelial cell. NOS activity increased in nodular hyperplasia. Conclusions: Thyroid papillary cancer without neutrophil invasion expressed only eNOS. The endothelial localization of eNOS may play an important role in pathogenensis of human thyroid nodular hyperplasia and the follicular localization of thyroid papillary carcinomas.