• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 1995

Western immunoblot analysis of antigen of T sergenti merozoite revealed that the immunodominant proteins of this organism were characterized as the 18KD, 29KD, 34KD, 45KD and 105KD in Korea. The 34KD and 45KD among those immunodominant proteins of the parasite were isolated and their amino acid sequences from the $NH_2$-terminus were determined and synthesized. They respective polypeptides were cationized to enhance their antigenicity, fortified with Freund's adjuvant and tested for immunogenicity in rabbits and cattle. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Theileria sergenti merozoite antigen was shown in 120KD, 100KD, 66KD, 45KD, 34KD and 30KD in western immunoblot using serum of rabbits immunized with 34KD synthetic polypeptide and 70KD, 58KD, 55KD and 45KD using bovine serum. In western immunoblot, 45KD, 34KD and 30KD were recognized by immunized rabbits, and 50KD and 45KD by cattle sera immunized with 45KD synthetic polypeptide, respectively. 2. The ELISA utilizing the synthetic polypeptides demonstrated significant antibody response to the respective peptides. After the 2nd booster injection, an OD of 0.760(preimmunization 0.132) in rabbits and an OD of 0.645(preimmunization 0.488) to 34KD synthetic polypeptide in cattle were observed. In animals immunized with 45KD synthetic polypeptide, after the 2nd booster injection, an OD of 0.640(preimmunization 0.144) in rabbit, and an OD of 0.776 (preimmunization 0.477) in cattle were measured. 3. After the 2nd booster the reciprocal IFA titer was 1:64 in rabbits and 1:512 in cattle immunized with the 34KD synthetic polypeptide. The IFA titre was observed as 1:512 in rabbit and 1:1,024 in cattle in immunized with the 45KD synthetic polypeptide.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.275-286
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• 1994

Plasma protein which has been known as one of nonspecific immunostimulators was added to feedstuff to examine its effect on the enhancement of cellular immune response in porcine immune system. A total of 40 piglets, 20 male and 20 female each, were fed for 30 days with or without plasma protein. The peripheral blood were collected and analyzed for the investigation of leukocyte subpopulations and their activities by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific to porcine leukocyte differentiation antigens and flow cytometry. The results obtained as follows. 1. Total weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion rate for 10 days were significantly improved to 56%, 20% and 22% in the piglets fed plasma protein, respectively. 2. A significant increase in N (null or non T/non B) cells was also noticed. Leukocyte proportion from piglets fed plasma protein was 20.2-24.7%, otherwise that from piglets fed without plasma protein was 12.3-13.4%, respectively. 3. A significant increase in the proportion of B cells and cells expressing poCD1 was not found in piglets fed plasma protein. 4. Reaction with monoclonal antibodies specific to adhesion molecules, poCD11a, poCD11b, poCD44 and poCD45A and poCD45B, has shown that leukocyte subpopulation from piglets fed plasma protein did not significantly higher than that from piglets fed without plasma protein. 5. Total proportion of granulocytes and monocytes was about 50% in both group and the proportion after treated with Hypaque/Ficoll was 2.7% and 5.8% in each group, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 1993

Yenhwagamchotang has been widely used in treatment of inflammatory disease which is based on Oriental Medical literatures. These studies were attempted experimental effects of Yenhwagamchotang(sample A), Yenhwagamchotang plus Forsythia koreana NAKAI.(sample B), and Yenhwa-gamchotang plus Taraxacum mongolicum HAND- MAZZ(sample C),on the Anti-allergic reaction, the antipyretic action,the anti-inflammatory and the analgesic action,in rats. THe results of the studies were as follow: 1. Vascular permeability responses to intradermal serotonin in rats were showed significant effect at all sample groups. 2. The homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats provoked by the IgE-like antibody aganist egg white albumin showed the decreasing effect. 3. The delayed type hypersensitivity responses to picryl chloride in mice were showed significant effect at all sample groups. 4. The delayed type hypersensitivity response to sheep red blood cell in mice were showed significant effect at all sample groups. 5. In anti-pyretic effect by yeast method were showed significant effect at all sample groups. 6. The anti-inflammatory effect by carrageenin method were showed significant effect at all sample groups. 7. The analgesic action by acetic acid method in mice were showed significant effect at all sample groups. According to the above result, Yenhwagamchotang(sample A), Yenhwagamchotang plus Forsythia koreana NAKAI(sample B), AND yenhwagamchotang plus Taraxacum mongolicum HNAN- MAZZ.(sample C ) were concluded to have the anti-allergic reaction, the antipyretic action, the anti-inflammatory, the analgesic action.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.249-254
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• 2020

Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is an immune response for the invasion of microbes. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of zinc on NET formation of porcine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). The NET formation of PMNs was measured by fluorescence microplate reader. The production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the culture supernatants from zinc-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Zinc itself did not have no effect on NET formation. However, the NET formation of PMNs was increased by culture supernatants from PBMCs treated with zinc. Also, the NET formation of PMNs was increased by recombinant porcine (rp) TNF-α. The production of TNF-α in PBMCs culture supernatants was shown to increase upon zinc treatments. These NET formations of PMNs increased by either culture supernatant from PBMCs treated with zinc or rpTNF-α were inhibited by treatment of anti-rpTNF-α polyclonal antibody (pAb). These results suggested that zinc has an immunostimulating effect on the NET formation of PMNs, which is mediated by TNF-α released from zinc-treated PBMCs. Therefore, zinc may play an important role for NET formation in the defense of porcine inflammatory diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2011

Artificial insemination (AI) of swine is a very useful reproductive tool and that offers convenience in the Korean swine industry. Since many viruses have been reported to be excreted through boar semen, we investigated the presence of antibodies and antigens against viruses causing reproductive failure in semen of boar in 349 semen samples collected from six Korean AI centers. Viral antigens were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription-PCR predominantly. The results was as follows. The major reproductive failure causing factor was porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), followed by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ($X^2$=166.64, P<0.001). PCV2 and PRRSV, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) was detected in 73 samples (20.9%), 44 samples (12.6%), 4 samples (1.1%), 3 samples (0.9%), respectively and porcine parvovirus in one sample (0.3%) Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), bovine viral diarrhea virus and Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) were not detected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was carried out in 111 serum samples from three AI centers. In most pigs, antibodies response was showed prominently in CSFV (105 sera, 94.6%) ($X^2$=82.580, P<0.001), followed by, in PRRSV (100 sera, 90.1%), PCV2 (92 sera, 90.1%), and PPV (8 sera, 82.9%). ADV antibody was not detected. Thus, the experimental results will be used for the base data, with respect to the state of viral stillbirth in general pig farms, as well as AI centers and breeding farms in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

Vitellogenin (Vtg), a phospholipoglycoprotein precursor of egg yolk is synthesized and secreted from the liver in response to estrogens in female fish. Vtg is normally undetectable in the blood of male fish, but can be induced by exposure to chemicals possessing estrogenic activity. Thus, the presence of Vtg in blood of male fish can serve as a useful biomarker for assessing previous exposure to estrogenic compounds. In the present study, Vtg was abnormally expressed in Rhynchocypris oxycephalus using estradiol benzoate ($E_2$). As the result, it was found that the level of Vtg in blood from R. oxycephalus was increased by treated quantity of $E_2$ with dose-effect manner. Monoclonal antibodies were generated against Vtg of R. oxycephalus. The hybridoma were screened with an enzyme immunoassay for the production of specific anti-Vtg antibodies. Five positive cell lines with a high specificity were selected. Monoclonal antibodies against vtg of R. oxycephalus that was developed in this study, may be a useful bio-indicator for the detection of estrogenic contamination in the aquatic ecosystem.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.143-152
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• 2001

Korean-style fermented soybean paste (KFSP), Doenjang, is a traditional food that is consumed as a protein source in Korea. Recently, efforts to identify biolgocial response modifiers (BRMs) have been focused on food products. Accordingly, this study which isolated abiologically active substance form KFSP, named KFSP-BRM, ws defined to be aheat-stable carbohydrate with a molecular weight of 2,000 kDa. The biological activity of KFSP-BRM was not inactivated by treatment with an anti-LPS antibody. The oral as well as intraperitoneal treatment of mice with KFSP-BRM significantly enhanced the number of B cells expressing surface significantly enhanced the number of B cells expressing surface immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG). Subsequently, an increased level of immunoglobulins in the sera was also observed. In vitro. KFSP-BRM was found to upregulate the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 by mactro phages and B cells but not the production of IL-2 by T cells. In conclusion, these data demonstrate the presence of a BRM in KFSP, which may provide an additional benefit to those consuming it is a food. KFSP-BRM is a novel B cellmitogen distinct from fresh soybean lectin or B cell mitogens, such as LPS and Streptococcus protein A. The major biological effects of KFSP-BRM would appear to be anincreased production of IL-1 and IL-6 by macrophages and B cells, thereby enhancing the function of mature B cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.856-865
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• 2012

We describe the construction and immunobiological properties of a novel whooping cough vaccine candidate, in which the aroQ gene, encoding 3-dehydroquinase, was deleted by insertional inactivation using the kanamycin resistance gene cassette and allelic exchange using a Bordetella suicide vector. The aroQ B. pertussis mutant required supplementation of media to grow but failed to grow on an unsupplemented medium. The aroQ B. pertussis mutant was undetectable in the trachea and lungs of mice at days 6 and 12 post-infection, respectively. Antigen-specific antibody isotypes IgG1 and IgG2a, were produced, and cell-mediated immunity [CMI], using interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma as indirect indicators, was induced in mice vaccinated with the aroQ B. pertussis vaccine candidate, which were substantially enhanced upon second exposure to virulent B. pertussis. Interleukin-12 was also produced in the aroQ B. pertussis-vaccinated mice. On the other hand, neither IgG2a nor CMI-indicator cytokines were produced in DTaP-vaccinated mice, although the CMI-indicator cytokines became detectable post-challenge with virulent B. pertussis. Intranasal immunization with one dose of the aroQ B. pertussis mutant protected vaccinated mice against an intranasal challenge infection, with no pathogen being detected in the lungs of immunized mice by day 7 post-challenge. B. pertussis aroQ thus constitutes a safe, non-reverting, metabolite-deficient vaccine candidate that induces both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses with potential for use as a single-dose vaccine in adolescents and adults, in the first instance, with a view to disrupting the transmission cycle of whooping cough to infants and the community.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.579-585
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• 2013

Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (Streptococcus zooepidemicus, SEZ) is an important pathogen associated with opportunistic infections of a wide range of species, including pigs and humans. The absence of a suitable vaccine makes it difficult to control SEZ infection. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has been previously identified as an immunogenic protein using immunoproteomic techniques. In the present study, we confirmed that the sequence of GAPDH was highly conserved with other Streptococcus spp. The purified recombinant GAPDH could elicit a significant humoral antibody response in mice and confer significant protection against challenge with a lethal dose of SEZ. GAPDH could adhere to the Hep-2 cells, confirmed by flow cytometry, and inhibit adherence of SEZ to Hep-2 cells in an adherence inhibition assay. In addition, real-time PCR demonstrated that GAPDH was induced in vivo following infection of mice with SEZ. These suggest that GAPDH could play an important role in the pathogenesis of SEZ infection and could be a target for vaccination against SEZ.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2013

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has been known to induce interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$) production and promote Th1 immunity. Although mammalian IL-18 has been characterized in great detail, the properties and application of chicken IL-18 remain largely uninvestigated as of yet. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory properties of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chicken interleukin-18 (chIL-18) on immune responses induced by avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines. After oral administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18, chickens were vaccinated intramuscularly with the recommended dose of either inactivated AI H9N2 vaccine or ND (B1 strain) vaccine. Chickens receiving a primary vaccination were boosted using the same protocol 7 days later. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were evaluated in terms of HI antibody titers and proliferation and mRNA expression of IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in response to specific antigen stimulation. According to our results, oral administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18 induced enhanced humoral and Th1-biased cell-mediated immunity against AI and ND vaccines, compared to that of chickens received S. enterica serovar Typhimurium harboring empty vector. Therefore, we conclude that our proposed vaccination regimen using inactivated AI and ND viruses along with oral administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18 may provide a novel approach in protecting chicken from currently circulating AI and ND virus strains.