• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2005

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a prevalent and potentially life threatening illness. American Thoracic Society and Infectious Disease Society America recommend combination therapies with ${\beta}-lactam$ plus a macrolide or a fluoroquinolone monotherapy for the empirical treatment of CAP. The aim of this study was to compare moxifloxacin monotherapy with cephalosporin plus azithromycin combination therapies. From January 2004 to March 2005, 18 patients in the moxifloxacin group(MG) and 21 patients in the cefuroxime or ceftriaxone plus azithromycin group(CAG) with CAP were retrospectively reviewed with regard to clinical, laboratory and microbiological data. Each patient was stratified into mild (risk class I-II), moderate (risk class III) and severe (risk class VI, V) group according to and PSI (Pneumonia Severity Index) score. Each group was compared for microbiological eradication, clinical assessment, the length of hospital stay. As results, Total 39 patients with CAP were reviewed. The appropriateness of admission was 83.3% in MC vs. 76.2% in CAC. The mean length of the hospital day was for 8.31 days vs. 7.39 days, days switching parenteral to oral antibiotics in 5.19 days vs. 5.28 days, clinical improvement in 2.43 days vs. 2.61 days in MG vs. CAC. Radiological improvement required 3.75 days vs 3.63 days in MG vs. CAG and bacteriological eradication rate at discharge was the same in the both groups. Mortality rate was 11.1% (2 of 18) vs 14.3% (3 of 21) in MG vs. CAG (p=0.77). Drug cost of the mean 5 hospital days requiring parenteral antibiotics was the most inexpensive in moxifloxacin group for the 147,045 won, and ceftriaxone 1g-azithromycin group for the 170,285 won, cefuroxime bid-azithromycin group for the 207,800 won, ceftriaxone 2g-azithromycin group far the 220,570 won, cefuroxime tid-azithromycin group for the 251,700 won. There was no significant statistical difference in clinical, bacterial, radiological cure and hospital days, and switch to oral days. In conclusion, that i.v. moxifloxacin monotherapy was as effective as azithromycin plus cefuroxime or ceftriaxone combination therapies fur the treatment of CAP. In drug cost analysis, moxifloxacin is less expensive than CAG.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.350-354
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• 2008

Mandibular chronic osteomyelitis with diffuse osteosclerosis is recognized as an intractable infectious disease. We emplyed decortication and intraarterial infusion of antibiotics in 6 cases. Decortication on the affected mandible was performed with retrocatherization to the superficial temporal artery of affected side under general anesthesia. Antibiotics, IPM/CS or FOMX was used through the artery for 4-11 days. In addition, we administered FOMX, PIPC intravenously for 8-17 days. CT and MRI were taken postoperatively. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 1 year and 6 months to 2 years and 5 months. Postoperative MR showed that bone marrow signal was recovered to approximately normal in 4 cases. High signal area of bone marrow and osteosclerosis image remained in 2 cases, but showed improvement. The results were satisfactory without recurrence in all of 6 cases.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.712-717
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• 1996

The term osteomyelitis literally means inflammation of bone marrow. It is described as an inflammatory condition of bone primarily engaging the medullary cavity extending to the periosteum. Following circulatory collapse and ischemia, the involved portions of the bone become necrotic. Cellulitis and osteomyelitis are the most frequent complications of fractures of the mandible and maxilla, because there is an abscessed tooth in the line of fracture. Since most fractures are compound fractures, infection may develop because of contact with oral secretions or outside air. The treatment of chronic osteomyelitis is still under debate. Some authors rely on antibiotics alone, while others advocate combination with surgery. But when infection occurs, establish proper drainage and administer antibiotics. Author treated a case of infected mandibular fracture with mandibular osteotomy, sequestrectomy, iliac bone graft and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, who had suffered suppurative osteomyelitis and mandibular nonunion following the open reduction of the mandibular fracture.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the clinical application of acupuncture, herbal medication, and antibiotic treatment to a patient with a diabetic foot infection. Methods: We treated the patient-who had ulcerations of the 1st, 2nd, and 4th toes and osteomyelitis on the right 1st and 2nd toes-with acupuncture, herbal medication, and antibiotics. We measured the state of this case by changes in his MRI signal and ulceration of his toes. Results: After treatment, the MRI signal indicated that the osteomyelitis had disappeared and the ulceration was diminished. Conclusions: A combination of acupuncture, herbal medication, and antibiotic treatment is effective for treatment of ulceration and osteomyelitis caused by diabetic foot infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 1976

One hundred and sixty one Escherichia coli strains isolated from 24 swine (11 swine fed with feedstuffs containing 7.5mg/kg of tetracycline and 13 swine not received antibiotic) were studied for the drug resistance and distribution of R factors. About 42 per cent of E. coli strains isolated from pigs of a herd fed with tetracycline (TC)-containing feeds were resistant to TC, streptomycin(SM), sulfisomidine(SA), ampicillin (AP) and kanamycin (KM), alone or in combination thereof, but none of the swine not receiving antibiotic containing feedstuffs excreted E. coli resistant to these drugs, Among resistant strains, 18.2% were found to be singly resistant to TC, whereas 81.8% were resistant to two or more antibiotics. The most common pattern was the triple resistant to TC, SM and SA(30.3%), and follolwed by double ones to TC and SM(24.2%). About one half of resistant strains carried R factors which were tranferable to the recipients by conjugation. In spite of feeding with feedstuffs containing only TC, high incidences of multiple resistance and R factors were observed in the E. coli isolated from these swine.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of essential oils and flavonoids improving the performance of antibiotics, proving a higher efficacy in the presence of natural substances against Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae. Increased efficacy was observed in several cases: both essential oils and flavonoids increased antibacterial efficacy of oxytetracycline and flumequine against E. tarda by 2-fold; essential oils and flavonoids increased antibacterial efficacy of nalidixic acid against E. tarda by 4-fold; flavonoids increased antibacterial efficacy of josamycin against S. iniae by 4-fold. The results obtained in this study suggest that essential oils and flavonoids might be especially useful in increasing the antimicrobial activity of nalidixic acid and josamycin against E. tarda and S. iniae in fish. Natural compounds examined in this study could also be useful to help decrease the overuse of antibiotics in fish.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.375-380
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• 2017

Background: The objective of this study were to determine the antibacterial activity and antibiotic activity-enhancing effect of 70% ethanol extract of the root of Rumex japonicus Houtt. and its fractions when used in combination with gentamicin against aerobic skin flora. Methods and Results: The antibacterial activity and antibiotic (gentamicin) activity enhancing effect against aerobic skin flora were determined using the disc diffusion assay. Chloroform fraction (CF) and ethyl acetate fraction (EF) showed higher activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis than those shown by other fractions. Regarding the antibiotic (gentamicin) activity-enhancing effect against aerobic skin flora, the n-hexane fraction (HF) and CF showed strong activity. The combination of HF and CF with gentamicin was evaluated using the broth dilution assay to determine the inhibitory effect on the growth of aerobic skin flora. The combination of CF with gentamicin exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus and S. epdermidis. MTT assay performed to determine the viability of L929 cells revealed that EF treatment resulted in viability of 33.96 - 116.76% at the tested concentration. The combination of 70% ethanol extract and its other fractions with gentamicin showed low cell toxicity. Conclusions: Appropriate use of antimicrobial agents is important prior to the development of new antibiotics. The 70% ethanol extract of the root of R. japonicus Houtt. and its fractions showed significant synergism with gentamicin when used in combination against S. aureus and S. epdermidis. Thus, R. japonicus Houtt. could be used as a functional materials in antimicrobial-related fields.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.514-518
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• 2000

Chronic osteomyelitis is often considered difficult to treat and may lead to refratory condition in oral and maxillofacial region. Clinical features of chronic osteomyelitis includes pain, swelling, pus discharge, and radiographic change. There are many kinds of treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. One of the most important factors in treating osteomyelitis are removal of infectious foci and administration of massive antibiotics. Recently we reviewed 29 patients with chronic osteomyelitis who visited in our department and treated successfully with our treatment protocols, consisting of surgical intervention and intravenous antibiotics for 2 weeks, and followed by oral antibiotics for 6 weeks. It is concluded that combination of surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy are sufficient to treat the chronic osteomyelitis in oral and maxillofacial region.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.278-288
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• 2013

Objectives : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has a cephalosporin and beta-lactam antibiotic-resistant strains. MRSA is one of the major pathogens causing hospital infection and the isolation ratio of MRSA has gradually increased. Consequently, increased resistance to antibiotics is causing serious problems in the world. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases. Methods : The antibacterial activities of Ipyo-san were evaluated against 2 strains of MRSA and 1 standard Methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strain by using the disc diffusion method, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) assay, colorimetric assay using MTT test, checkerboard dilution test and time-kill assay performed under dark. Results : The MIC of Ipyo-san water extract against S. aureus strains ranged from 1000 to $2,000{\mu}g/ml$, so we confirmed that it had a strong antibacterial effect. Also, the combinations of Ipyo-san water extract and conventional antibiotics exhibited improved inhibition of MRSA with synergy effect. We suggest that Ipyo-san water extract against MRSA has antibacterial activity so it has potential as alternatives to antibiotic agents. For the combination test, we used Triton X-100 (TX) and DCCD for measurement of membrane permeability and inhibitor of ATPase. As a result, antimicrobial activity of Ipyo-san water extract was affected by the cell membrane. Conclusions : We suggest that the Ipyo-san water extract lead the treatment of bacterial infection to solve the resistance and remaining side-effect problems that are the major weak points of traditional antibiotics.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.87-102
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• 2019

Most chronic wounds persist in the inflammatory phase during wound healing due to the biofilm. Biofilms are resistant to antibiotics, weakening penetration, resistance to biocides and weakening local immune responses. The biofilm is firmly attached to the surrounding tissues and is very difficult to remove. Therefore, strategies to remove hard biofilms without damaging surrounding tissue are very important. One of possible strategies is dispersal. So many studies have been done to develop new strategies using dispersal mechanisms. In this review paper, especially chemotaxis, phage therapy, polysaccharides, various enzymes (glycosidases, proteases, and deoxyribonucleases), surfactants, dispersion signals, autoinducers, inhibitors were introduced. Combination therapies with other therapies such as antibiotic therapy were also introduced. It is expected that the possibility of treatment of chronic wound infection using the knowledge of the biofilm dispersal mechanisms presented in this paper will be higher.