• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2005

본 연구는 항생제를 복합 투여하여 유치의 근관 및 치근단 주위 감염에 대한 효과를 임상적으로 관찰하고자 하였다. 근관 및 치근단 주위 병소의 멸균을 목적으로 metronidazole, ciprofloxacin 및 minocyclin을 증류수 및 근관시멘트와 혼합하여 적용하였다. 유치의 근관 입구로부터 하방에 $Fissurotomy^{(R)}$ bur(SS White, USA)를 이용하여 약제 공간을 형성하였고 약제는 치수실 바닥까지 채웠다. 본 증례들에서 단회 적용으로 임상 증상이 개선되었다. 치은종창, 동통, 누공 등 모든 증상이 술 후 1주일 내에 소실되었다. 임상적으로 활용하기 위해서는 보다 많은 수의 증례와 장기간의 임상적 평가가 필요하며 아직까지 근관내 항생제 사용에 따른 부작용에 대한 보고가 없지만 항생제에 민감한 환아에 대해서는 사용에 주의가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 저자는 행동조절이 곤란한 소아에서 생리적 치근흡수가 진행 중인 감염된 유치를 가진 환아들을 대상으로 항생제를 복합 사용한 바 증상의 개선을 관찰하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.742-748
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• 1994

As part of our search for less toxic antimicrobial agents from natural resources, the carpophores of Elfvingia applanata$(P_{ers}.)K_{ARST}.$ was extracted with hot water. EA, the aqueous extract from the carpophores of E. applanata, was lyophilized and a dark brownish powder was obtained. Antimicrobial activity of EA was tested in vitro against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria by serial broth dilution method, and the antimicrobial activity was expressed by minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC). Among fourteen species of bacteria tested, the antimicrobial activity of EA was the most potent against Proteus vulgaris showing MIC of 1.250 mg/ml. To investigate the effect of antimicrobial combinations of EA with four kinds of antibiotics(ampicillin, cefazolin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol), the fractional inhibitory concentration index(FICI) was determined by checkerboard assay for each strain. The antimicrobial combinations of EA with four kinds of antibiotics resulted in synergism in four instances, but no antagonism was observed. Four instances of synergism were observed when EA was combined with ampicillin against Micrococcus luteus, with cefazolin against Bacillus subtilis, with cefazolin against Micrococcus luteus and with oxytetracycline against Staphylococcus aureus.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.653-658
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• 1996

As part of our search for less toxic antimicrobial agents from natural resources. rutin was isolated from Sophora japonica and then hydrolyzed to quercetin. Antimicrobial activity of quercetin was tested in vitro against five kinds of gram positive and ten kinds of gram negative bacteria by serial broth dilution method. Among fifteen kinds of bacteria tested, the antimicrobial activity of quercetin was the most potent against Proteus vulgaris showing minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 125 ${\mu}$g/ml. To investigate the effect of antimicrobial combinations of quercetin with four kinds of antibiotics (ampicillin, cefazolin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol). the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was determined by checkerboard assay for each strain. The antimicrobial combinations of quercetin with four kinds of antibiotics resulted in synergism in one instance, additive effect in four instances, but no antagonism was observed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1839-1844
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• 2009

A 20-residue hybrid peptide CA(1-8)-MA(1-12) (CAMA) incorporating residues 1-8 of cecropin A (CA) and residues 1-12 of magainin 2 (MA) has high antimicrobial activity without toxicity. To investigate the effects of the total positive charges of CAMA on the antibacterial activity and toxicity, a hybrid peptide analogue (CAMA-syn) was designed with substitutions of $Ile^{10}\;and\;Ser^{16}$ with Lys. According to CD spectra, structure of CAMA-syn with increase of cationicity was very similar to that of CAMA in DPC micelle. CAMA-syn showed antimicrobial activity similar with CAMA while CAMA-syn has no hemolytic activity and much lower cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 macrophage cells than CAMA. Also, CAMA and CAMA-syn significantly inhibited NO production by LPSstimulated RAW264.7 macrophage at 10.0∼20.0 $\mu$M. CAMA-syn displayed salt resistance on antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli at the physiological concentrations of $CaCl_2\;and\;MgCl_2$. The combination studies of peptides and antibiotics showed that CAMA-syn has synergistic effects with synthetic compound and flavonoid against Enterococcus faecalis and VREF. CAMA-syn can be a good candidate for the development of new antibiotics with potent antibacterial and synergistic activity but without cytotoxicity.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2009

Streptomyces albidoflavus C247 was isolated from the soil of the Gyeongsan golf course in Korea. Physiological, biochemical and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis strongly suggested that the isolate belonged to Streptomyces albidoflavus. Preliminary screening revealed that the isolate was active against fungi and bacteria. Self-directing optimization was employed to determine the best combination of parameters such as carbon and nitrogen source, pH and temperature. Nutritional and culture conditions for the production of antibiotics by this organism under shake-flask conditions were also optimized. Maltose (5%) and soytone (5%) were found to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources for the production of antibiotics by S. albidoflavus C247. Additionally, 62.89% mycelial growth inhibition was achieved when the organism was cultured at $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.5. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) was the best extraction solvent for the isolation of the antibiotics, and 100 ${mu}$/ml of EtOAc extract was found to inhibit 60.27% of the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2(IV) when the poison plate diffusion method was conducted.

• 대한의사협회지
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• 제61권11호
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• pp.680-686
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• 2018

Acne vulgaris is a very common condition affecting up of about 80% to 90% of adolescents. The patients with acne have been shown to be adversely impacted by the effect of acne on their quality of life. Four factors are believed to play a key role in the development of acne lesions: excess sebum production, disturbed keratinization within the follicle, colonization of the pilosebaceous duct by Propionibacterium acnes, and the release of inflammatory mediators into the skin. Consequently, the target for acne therapy is these well-known pathogenic factors responsible for this disease state. Topical retinoids correct abnormal keratinization, but it should be applied cautiously because of irritation. Benzoyl peroxide is an effective bactericidal agent against P. acnes. Main topical antibiotics are erythromycin and clindamycin. Fixed combination topical products with retinoids, benzoyl peroxide and antibiotics have been introduced. Use of systemic antibiotics, including tetracyclines and macrolides rapidly improves inflammatory acne lesions. Oral isotretinoin is effective against all of the main pathogenic features of acne but is contraindicated in pregnant women and has been associated with cheilitis and dry skin. Hormonal therapy has been found to improve acne in some selective patients and should be considered for appropriate candidates. This review will present the general aspects of the pharmacological treatments for acne.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2022

The gut microbiota is involved in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis and is now recognized as a regulator of many diseases. Although germ-free mouse models are the standard for microbiome studies, mice with antibiotic-induced sterile intestines are often chosen as a fast and inexpensive alternative. Pathophysiological changes in the gut microbiome have been demonstrated, but there are no reports so far on how such alterations affect the bacterial composition of the uterus. Here we examined changes in uterine microbiota as a result of gut microbiome disruption in an antibiotics-based sterile-uterus mouse model. Sterility was induced in 6-week-old female mice by administration of a combination of antibiotics, and amplicons of a bacteria marker gene (16S rRNA) were sequenced to decipher bacterial community structures in the uterus. At the phylum-level, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were found to be dominant, while Ralstonia, Escherichia, and Prauserella were the major genera. Quantitative comparisons of the microbial contents of an antibiotic-fed and a control group revealed that the treatment resulted in the reduction of bacterial population density. Although there was no significant difference in bacterial community structures between the two animal groups, β-diversity analysis showed a converged profile of uterus microbiotain the germ-free model. These findings suggest that the induction of sterility does not result in changes in the levels of specific taxa but in a reduction of individual variations in the mouse uterus microbiota, accompanied by a decrease in overall bacterial population density.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.160-164
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• 2011

The purpose of this investigation was to extract the bioactive agents from Alpinia officinarum Hance. The methanol with ethylacetate extracts alone and combined were examined for their activities against VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) and pathogenic yeast in vitro. The incidence of infections caused by VRE and other pathogenic microorganisms and the importance of using novel synergistic drug combinations has become important. Previously, we reported the antimicrobial effects of the butanol extract from Lonicera japonica and have evaluated combinations of solvent extracts, with a focus on the MeOH and EtOAc extracts from A. officinarum. In the present study, enhanced inhibitory effects were achieved by employing a combination of the two solvent extracts. The MeOH and EtOAc combination was especially effective against four VRE strains: E. faecalis (K-10-22), E. faecaium (K-11-212), E. faecalis (K-10-57) and E. faecalis (K-10-361) with MIC values of 12.5, 12.5, 6.25 and 25 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Thus, the combination was more effective than other antibiotics such as kanamycin, gentamicin or tetracycline against bacteria including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus luteus. In addition, the combination was effective against yeasts such as Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2008

The composition of essential oils from Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum and C. indicum were analyzed and compared. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed there were distinctly different compositional patterns between C. zawadskii var. latilobum and C. indicum essential oils. The combinatorial effect of the oil of C. zawadskii var. latilobum and C. indicum, with various antibiotics was assessed against antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The essential oil fraction significantly inhibited most of the tested antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains of S. pneumoniae, with minimum inhibiting concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 mg/ml. The fractional inhibiting concentration indices (FICIs) of the oils when combined with antibiotics against S. aureus and S. pneumoniae ranged from 0.26 to 0.75, and showed synergistic or additive effects.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1098-1102
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• 2000

Pituitary abscess is a very rare disorder, since antibiotics therapy has become widely available. Clinically and radiologically, the preoperative diagnosis of pituitary abscess is difficult because of its features which may be identical to those of any space-occupying lesions of the sella turcica. A combination of clinical features, such as meningitis, paranasal sinusitis and panhypopituitarism with intrasellar cystic lesion with homogeneous ring enhancement on computed tomography or magnetic resonance image should raise the suspicion of a pituitary abscess. Drainage of the abscess through trans-sphenoidal approach, appropriate antibiotics therapy, endocrine assessment and hormonal replacement should bring complete recovery to the patient. The authors review the literature and report two cases of primary pituitary abscess.