• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.990-996
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• 2008

In a previous study, we found an antifungal effect on human pathogenic fungi by the cell-penetrating peptide Tat (47-58) derived from HIV-1. Tat (47-58) immediately entered into the fungal nucleus and affected some physiological changes on the intracellular condition. In this study, Tat (47-58) showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria including bacterial clinical isolates. To improve resistance against proteases for use in vivo, we synthesized an analog of Tat (47-58) by substituting the L-amino acid for the D-amino acid. The D-enantiomer of Tat (47-58) also exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity at almost the same level of L-Tat (47-58) concentration. Unlike L-Tat (47-58), D-Tat (47-58) showed a significant proteolytic resistance against all proteases tested and antimicrobial activities in the presence of trypsin. Moreover, D-Tat (47-58) inhibited MRSA infection in human HeLa cells whereas L-Tat (47-58) partially allowed MRSA infection, and the results were due to the proteolytic resistance of D-Tat (47-58).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2022

This study aims to determine the antibiofilm effect of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lactobacillus brevis strains against Streptococcus mutans strains. To study the antibiofilm mechanism against S. mutans strains, antibacterial effects, cell surface properties (auto-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity), exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and morphological changes were examined. The antibiofilm effect of L. brevis KCCM 202399 CFS as morphological changes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), compared with the control treatment. Among the L. brevis strains, L. brevis KCCM 202399 showed the highest antibiofilm effect on S. mutans KCTC 5458. The antibacterial effect of L. brevis KCCM 202399 against S. mutans KCTC 5458 was investigated using the deferred method (16.00 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration of L. brevis KCCM 202399 against S. mutans KCTC 5458 was 25.00%. Compared with the control treatment, L. brevis KCCM 202399 CFS inhibited the bacterial adhesion of S. mutans KCTC 5458 by decreasing auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity, and EPS production (45.91%, 40.51%, and 67.44%, respectively). L. brevis KCCM 202399 CFS inhibited and eradicated the S. mutans KCTC 5458 biofilm. Therefore, these results suggest that L. brevis KCCM 202399 CFS may be used to develop oral health in the probiotic industry.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.82-92
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• 2021

Purpose: It has been reported that the diversity and abundance of microbes in the vagina decrease due to the use of antimicrobial agents, and the high recurrence rate of female vaginitis due to this suggests that a new treatment is needed. Methods: In the experiment, we detected that 10% potassium sorbate solution, 1% eucalyptus oil solution, 1% tea tree oil solution, 400 µL/10 mL grapefruit seed extract solution, 100% lactic acid, 10% acetic acid solution, and 10% lactic acid solution were prepared and used. After adjusting the pH to 4, 5, and 6 with lactic acid and acetic acid in the mixed culture medium, each bacterium was inoculated into the medium and incubated for 72 h at 35℃. Incubate and 0 h each. 24 h. 48 h. The number of bacteria was measured after 72 h. Results: In the mixed culture test between lactic acid bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria showed good results at pH 5-5.5. Potassium sorbate, which has varying antibacterial activity based on the pH, killed pathogenic bacteria and allowed lactic acid bacteria to survive at pH 5.5. Conclusion: The formulation ratio obtained through this study could be used for the development of a feminine cleanser that can be used as a substitute for antibacterial agents. Further, the findings of this study may be able to solve the problem of antimicrobial resistance in the future.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.881-887
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• 2010

천연식품 보존제의 개발과 이용에 대한 기초 자료를 확보하고자 31종의 한약재 추출물 중 S. aureus와 V. parahaemolyticus 등 식중독 유발균에 대해 우수한 항균 활성을 가지는 한약재를 선발하고, 선발된 한약재 추출물의 농도나 분획물의 항균 활성 등을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 물과 메틸알콜을 용매로 추출하여 S. aureus와 V. parahaemolyticus에 대한 항균 활성을 조사한 결과, 지유, 황련 및 마치현 등이 강한 항균 활성을 가지며, 물보다는 메틸알콜 추출액의 항균 활성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 지유의 물 및 메틸알콜 추출물 모두 S. aureus 및 V. parahaemolyticus에 대하여 강한 항균 활성이 있었다. 지유 추출물은 S. aureus에 대해서는 5% 희석 농도까지 항균 활성이 인정되었으나, V. parahaemolyticus에 대해서는 10% 희석 농도까지 항균 활성이 인정되었다. 지유 추출물의 EtOAc, BuOH 및 $H_2O$ 분획물은 S. aureus와 V. parahaemolyticus에 대하여 항균 활성이 있었으며, S. aureus에 대해서는 EtOAc 분획물은 5%, BuOH 분획물은 2% 그리고 $H_2O$ 분획물은 1% 희석 농도까지 항균 활성이 인정되었으며, V. parahaemolyticus에 대해서는 EtOAc 분획물은 1% 희석 농도, $H_2O$ 분획물은 2% 그리고 BuOH 분획물은 5% 희석 농도까지 항균 활성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2023

본 연구는 블루베리(Vaccinium)로부터 유산균을 분리하였다. 분리된 유산균은 호기와 혐기에서 모두 성장이 가능하였고, 그람염색에 의해 확인한 결과, 형태는 간상형이며, 그람 양성임을 확인하였다. 또한 균을 동정한 결과, L. argentoratensis와 높은 상동성을 나타내었다. 이 균으로부터 배양 상징액을 분리하여 병원성균인 Salmonella와 Escherichia에 대한 항균활성을 측정하였다. 시험에 이용된 Salmonella는 S. Enteritidis NCCP 16947, S. Typhimurium NCCP 16960 그리고 S. Thompson NCCP 11704로 L. argentoratensis의 배양 상징액은 이들의 성장을 현저히 억제하였다. 특히 배양 상징액의 농도가 높을수록 항균활성은 증가하였다. 더욱이 E. coli strains(E. coli KCCM 11569, E. coli KCCM 11587, E. coli KCCM 11591, E. coli KCCM 11596, E. coli KCCM 11600)에 대한 항균활성도 Salmonella의 결과와 같이 농도가 높을수록 현저한 항균활성을 보여주었다. 항균물질이 열과 pH에 안정한지를 알아보기 위하여 유산균 배양 상징액을 각각 65℃에서 30 min, 75℃에서 15 min, 85℃에서 10 min, 100℃에서 5 min의 조건으로 열처리한 후, 5% 첨가에 의해서 병원성 균주에 대한 항균활성을 측정한 결과 열처리전과 동일한 항균활성을 보여주었다. 그러나 배양 상징액의 pH 3.73을 7.0으로 조정한 시험에서는 항균활성을 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 병원성균에 항균활성을 나타내는 물질은 열에 안정하고 pH변화에는 불안정한 것을 보여주었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2010

Purpose: Many topical agents had been used for contaminated wound treatment. Although antimicrobial ointments were widely used as topical agents, their comparative antibacterial and wound healing effects were largely unreported. The purpose of this study was to compare antibacterial effects and wound healing effects of common topical ointments on infected full thickness skin defect in the mouse. Methods: One full thickness skin defects in the mice (n=60) were developed on the back and left open for twenty-four hours. Sixty mice were divided into four groups: group B (dressing with Bactroban$^{(R)}$, n=15), group I (dressing with Iodosorb$^{(R)}$, n=15), group T (dressing with Terramycin$^{(R)}$, n=15), group G (control group, dressing with dry gauze, n=15). The size of wound defects and the grades of wound healing were evaluated at 4, 7, 10 days, and antibacterial effect was evaluated with restricted zone in Mueller Hinton agar by disk diffusion method. After the wound was left open for twenty-four hours, many Staphylococcus aureus was cultured. The wound defect size was decreased in order of Bactroban$^{(R)}$ (B), Iodosorb$^{(R)}$ (I), Terramycin$^{(R)}$ and gauze dressing group in all days, but difference among experimental groups was not statistically significant. The grade score of wound healing was increased in order of Bactroban$^{(R)}$, Iodosorb$^{(R)}$, Terramycin$^{(R)}$ and gauze dressing group, and the difference was statistically significant. Antibacterial effect for was increased in order of Bactroban$^{(R)}$, Iodosorb$^{(R)}$, Terramycin$^{(R)}$ and gauze dressing group, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Topical antimicrobial ointments application was effective against wound infections by S. aureus. Bactroban$^{(R)}$ may be an optimal topical treatment for infected wounds according to this study. However, further study is necessary to evaluate the clinical efficacy of antimicrobial ointments and to search for the mechanisms that explain their effects.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.300-306
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• 2017

본 연구는 상업용 글라스아이오노머 시멘트(GIC) 분말에 기능화 다중벽 탄소나노튜브(MWCNT)를 첨가하여 항균효과와 기계적 성질을 개선하고자 하였다. MWCNT를 기존의 GIC 분말에 0.125, 0.25, 0.5와 1.0 wt%를 첨가하여 조성하였다. 비커스 경도(VHN)는 (Ø$10mm{\times}2mm$) 각각 4개의 시편을 제작하여 증류수에 1일, 7일, 14일 보관 후 200 N 하중에서 20초 유지시간으로 경도를 측정하였으며 항균효과는 S. mutans와 S. aureus균주를 아가 디스크 확산법으로 억제대를 측정하여 평가하였다. 실험 결과 비커스 경도는 MWCNT를 첨가한 실험군에서 높은값을 보였으며 MWCNT를 첨가한 모든 실험군에서 침전시간이 증가할수록 유의하게 높은 경도값을 보였다(p<0.05). 항균실험은 S. mutans균에서 다소 높은 항균효과를 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, S. aureus균은 MWCNT를 0.25 wt%첨가한 군에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이점을 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로 MWCNT를 첨가한 GIC는 항균효과와 기계적 성질에 효과가 있음을 입증하였다. 추후 MWCNT의 효율적인 기능화 처리에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 화장품에 널리 쓰이는 컨디셔닝제이면서 항균력을 가지는 성분들인 1,2-hexanediol, ethylhexylglycerin, glyceryl caprylate를 대상으로, 이들이 화장품 제형 내에서 다양한 제형 원료와 혼합될 때 그람 양성, 음성 세균에 대한 항균력이 어떻게 변화하는지 확인하고자 하였다. 검토할 제형 원료로는 제형 내에서 항균력을 향상시킬 것으로 예상되는 물질 7종(1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, glycerin, dipropylene glycol, niacinamide, EDTA-2Na, ethanol)을 선정하였으며, checkerboard assay를 이용하여 해당 물질들과 항균력을 지닌 3종 물질에 대한 항균 시너지 효과를 확인하였다. 시험 결과, 세균에 대해 눈에 띄는 항균 시너지 효과를 보인 물질은 ethanol과 EDTA-2Na였으며 특히 ethanol은 항균력을 지닌 컨디셔닝제 3종 모두와 세균에 대해 항균 시너지 효과를 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다. Glyceryl caprylate는 시험한 물질 7종 모두와 그람 양성균인 S. aureus에 대해 항균 부가 및 상승 효과를 나타내었으며, 4종의 폴리올이 첨가된 제형에는 1,2-hexanediol, glyceryl caprylate 조합으로 방부처방을 하는 것이 그람 양성, 음성 세균을 모두 제어하기에 용이하다고 판단되었다. 본 연구는 화장품에서 자주 이용되는 항균력을 지닌 컨디셔닝제와 주요 제형 원료의 항균 시너지 효과를 확인함으로써 항균력을 지닌 컨디셔닝제의 제형 내 항균력을 예측하는 데 기여했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2023

MRSA is Staphylococcus aureus resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, and is a worldwide infectious disease. Even with the discovery of new antibiotics, resistance develops rapidly, so new alternatives are needed. Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) is a combination of Jakyak and Gamcho, and has been mainly used as an antispasmodic and analgesic in oriental medicine. This study was conducted to find out whether there is an effect on MRSA in relation to the anti-inflammatory effect of JGT and the antibacterial effect of Jakyak and Gamcho found in previous studies. In this study, in order to investigate the antibacterial activity of JGT and the combined effect of existing antibiotics, after extracting JGT with 70% EtoH, the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), drug combination effect (FICI), and time-kill analysis (Time-kill assay), metabolic inhibition, Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis were used to confirm the antibacterial activity mechanism of MRSA of JGT. As a result of the experiment, all of MRSA showed antibacterial activity in JGT's disc diffusion method, and the MIC was 250-1000 ㎍/mL. When existing antibiotics and JGT were combined with drugs, most had synergy or partial synergy. In addition, it was confirmed that the degree of bacterial growth was suppressed over time when simultaneous administration for 24 hours. JGT showed a synergistic effect when administered together with the ATPase-inhibitor DCCD, suggesting that it affected the inhibition of ATPase. As a result of observing the expression of PBP2a, and hla protein in the JGT-treated group and the untreated control group through wstern blot, it was confirmed that the protein expression of the JGT-treated group was significantly suppressed, and the expression levels of mecA, mecR1 and hla genes were also suppressed during JGT treatment. was observed by qRT-PCR. Combining the results of the experiment, it can be seen that JGT has antibacterial activity in MRSA, and when combined with existing antibiotics, the effect was increased compared to treatment with the drug alone. This suggests that JGT can be an alternative to treatment for antibiotic resistance of MRSA.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the antibacterial activity and deodorization of fabrics dyed with pine needles extract. The microbes used for a test were two kinds of bacteria and two kinds of fungi. The test results showed as follows. In the test results of antimicrobial activity, both cotton and silk fabrics showed the antimicrobial rate of over 90% after washing three times. In the test result of antifungal activity, all fabrics didn't show any effective antifungal activity. In the test result of deodorization, the dyed cotton fabric showed the higher rate of deodorization than the non-dyed fabric, and the fabric showed the highest rate of deodorization was the test fabric mordanted by Fe and the rate of deodorization showed 92%. In case of silk fabric, the fabric showed the highest rate of deodorization was the test fabric mordanted by Al, and the rate of deodorization showed 92%.