• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2010

Purpose: Iodine has been used for the prevention or management of wound infection as a topical agent. Although iodine was widely used mainly by Betadine$^{(R)}$ and cadexomer iodine, there was no comparative study on the efficacies of dressing methods of iodine. And also it's wound healing effect was not yet clear. The purpose of this study is to compare antibacterial effects and wound healing effects associated with various dressing methods of iodine on infected full thickness skin defect in the mouse. Methods: One full thickness skin defects in the mice (n=60) were developed on the back and left open for twenty-four hours. Sixty mice were divided into four groups : group S (dressing with Betadine$^{(R)}$ soaking, n=15), group T (dressing with Betadine$^{(R)}$ topping, n=15), group I (dressing with Iodosorb$^{(R)}$, n=15), group G (control group, dressing with dry gauze, n=15). The size of the wound defects and the grades of wound healing were evaluated in 4, 7, 10 days, and antibacterial effect was evaluated with restricted zone in Mueller Hinton agar by disk diffusion method. Results: After the wound was left open for twenty-four hours, many Staphylococcus aureus were cultured. The wound defect size was decreased in order of Betadine$^{(R)}$ soaking, Iodosorb$^{(R)}$, Betadine$^{(R)}$ topping and gauze dressing group in all days, but difference among experimental groups was not statistically significant. The grade score of wound healing was increased in order of Betadine$^{(R)}$ soaking, Iodosorb$^{(R)}$, Betadine$^{(R)}$ topping and gauze dressing group, and the difference was statistically significant. Antibacterial effect for S. aureus was increased in order of Iodosorb$^{(R)}$, Betadine$^{(R)}$ soaking, Betadine$^{(R)}$ topping and gauze dressing group, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Selection of the effective dressing method of iodine for infected wounds remains a controversial decision. According to this study, Iodosorb$^{(R)}$ may be most effective method for antibacterial effect and Betadine$^{(R)}$ soaking may be most effective method for infected wound healing. However, further study is necessary to evaluate the clinical efficacy of dressing methods of iodine and to search for the mechanisms that explain their effects.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.778-785
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro antibacterial activities of pozzolan against super bacteria and intestinal bacteria. There were four treatment groups: 1) CON, pozzolan free control group; 2) DP0.3, microbial culture medium prepared by mixing distilled water and 0.3% of pozzolan powder; 3) DP0.5, microbial culture medium prepared by mixing distilled water and 0.5% of pozzolan powder; and 4) PE, microbial culture medium prepared with pozzolan powder extracts without adding distilled water. The count of Lacctobacillus casei was significantly higher in the DP0.3 group compared to CON (P<0.05). However, it showed no significant difference compared to other treatment groups. Numbers of Clostridium butyricum, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium were significantly lower in pozzolanic treatment groups compared to CON (P<0.05). Clostridium butyricum and Salmonella typhimurium counts were significantly different among DP0.3, DP0.5, and PE groups (P<0.05). Counts of E. coli were also significantly between DP0.5 and PE groups (P<0.05). Counts of MRSA and VRE were significantly lower in pozzolanic treatment groups compared to CON (P<0.05). MRSA counts were significantly different among DP0.5, DP0.3 and PE groups. VRE counts were significantly higher in the order of PE > DP0.3> DP0.5> CON (P<0.05). These results suggest that pozzolan could be used as a dietary silicate supplement and a natural antibacterial agent for livestock if its antimicrobial activity against super bacteria and harmful bacteria in the intestine is confirmed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.198-205
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• 2017

In this study, graviola leaf extracts (GLE) was investigated for the effect of antioxidant, antibacterial, whitening, anti-wrinkle. The antioxidant effect of GLE was measured by an electron donating ability assay. As a result, GLE increased the electron donating ability in a concentration-dependent manner. The antibacterial effect of GLE was found to show the higher antibacterial effect in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CCARM3115 compared with that of ampicillin by a paper disc method. The whitening effect of GLE was also measured by tyrosinase inhibition assay, and it was found that the tyrosinase activity of GLE decreased as the concentration increased. The inhibition activity of tyrosinase involved in hydroxylation reaction which is related to converting L-tyrosine to (DOPA) was higher than that of arbutin's at the concentration ranging from 125 to $250{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, GLE reduced melanin contents of B16-F10 melanoma cells in a dose-dependant manner and decreased to about 76.7% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$ Regarding wrinkling formation of GLE, an elastase inhibition assay was performed. As a result, GLE and ursolic acid were 10.5% and 56.5%, respectively under the identical concentration. These results suggest that GLE has significant antioxidant and whitening activities, and also may be potentially used as a therapeutic agent for hyperpigmentation treatment as an ingredient of whitening cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.801-813
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• 2014

A study was conducted to improve the biological activity of two medicinal plants, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis, by fermentation. The biological activity was assessed by determining antibacterial, antioxidant and antimethanogenic properties. Fermentation was achieved by adding the plant materials in MRS broth at 10% (w/v) and different starter cultures at 1% (v/v). Condition for fermentation were incubation temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ and agitation at 150 rpm for 48 h. Six starter cultures, Weissella confusa NJ28 (Genbank accession number KJ914897), Weissella cibaria NJ33 (Genbank accession number KJ914898), Lactobacillus curvatus NJ40 (Genbank accession number KJ914899), Lactobacillus brevis NJ42 (Genbank accession number KJ914900), Lactobacillus plantarum NJ45 (Genbank accession number KJ914901) and Lactobacillus sakei NJ48 (Genbank accession number KJ914902) were used. Antibacterial activity was observed in L. curvatus NJ40 and L. plantarum NJ45 only as opposed to other treatments, including the non-fermented groups, which showed no antibacterial activity. Both plants showed antioxidant activity, although E. ulmoides Oliv. had lower activity than G. uralensis. However, fermentation by all strains significantly improved (p<0.05), antioxidant activity in both plants compared to non-fermented treatment. Six treatments were based on antibacterial activity results, selected for in vitro rumen fermentation; 1) non-fermented E. ulmoides, 2) fermented E. ulmoides NJ40, 3) fermented E. ulmoides NJ45, 4) non-fermented G. uralensis, 5) fermented G. uralensis NJ40, 6) fermented G. uralensis NJ45. A negative control was also added, making a total of 7 treatments for the in vitro experiment. Medicinal plant-based treatments significantly improved (p<0.05) total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. Significant methane reduction per mol of VFA were observed in G. uralensis (p<0.05). Based on the present study, fermentation improves the biological activity of E. ulmoides Oliv. and G. uralensis. Fermented G. uralensis could also be applied as an enteric methane mitigating agent in ruminant animals.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2013

Objectives : Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a cephalosporin and beta-lactam antibiotic-resistant strains. In most cases, that is spread from infected patients and infection rates are growing increasingly. Thus, accordingly, increased resistance to antibiotics is causing serious problems in the world. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infections diseases. Methods : The antibacterial activities of Sinhyowoldosan were evaluated against 3 strains of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and 1 standard Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strain by using the disc diffusion method, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) assay, colorimetric assay using MTT test, checkerboard dilution test and time-kill assay was performed under dark. Results : The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of Sinhyowoldosan water extract against S. aureus strains ranged from 500 to 2,000 ${\mu}g/mL$, so we have confirmed it on a strong antibacterial effect. Also, the combinations of Sinhyowoldosan water extract and conventional antibiotics exhibited improved inhibition of MRSA with synergy effect. We suggest that Sinhyowoldosan water extract against MRSA have antibacterial activity, it has potential as alternatives to antibiotic agent. the combination test was used, Triton X-100 (TX) and DCCD for measurement of membrane permeability and inhibitor of ATPase. As a result, antimicrobial activity of SH is affected by the cell membrane were assessed. Conclusion : We suggest that the Sinhyowoldosan water extract lead the treatment of bacterial infection to solve the resistance and remaining side-effect problems that are the major weak points of traditional antibiotics.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.44.1-44.17
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• 2023

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health concern around the globe. Antimicrobial peptides exhibit broad-spectrum and efficient antibacterial activity with an added advantage of low drug resistance. The higher water content and 3D network structure of the hydrogels are beneficial for maintaining antimicrobial peptide activity and help to prevent degradation. The antimicrobial peptide released from hydrogels also hasten the local wound healing by promoting epithelial tissue regeneration and granulation tissue formation. Objective: This study aimed at developing sodium alginate based hydrogel loaded with a novel antimicrobial peptide Chol-37(F34-R) and to investigate the characteristics in vitro and in vivo as an alternative antibacterial wound dressing to treat infectious wounds. Methods: Hydrogels were developed and optimized by varying the concentrations of crosslinkers and subjected to various characterization tests like cross-sectional morphology, swelling index, percent water contents, water retention ratio, drug release and antibacterial activity in vitro, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected wound mice model in vivo. Results: The results indicated that the hydrogel C proved superior in terms of cross-sectional morphology having uniformly sized interconnected pores, a good swelling index, with the capacity to retain a higher quantity of water. Furthermore, the optimized hydrogel has been found to exert a significant antimicrobial activity against bacteria and was also found to prevent bacterial infiltration into the wound site due to forming an impermeable barrier between the wound bed and external environment. The optimized hydrogel was found to significantly hasten skin regeneration in animal models when compared to other treatments in addition to strong inhibitory effect on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α). Conclusions: Our results suggest that sodium alginate -based hydrogels loaded with Chol-37(F34-R) hold the potential to be used as an alternative to conventional antibiotics in treating infectious skin wounds.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.98-104
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• 2023

Effective and alternative strategies to control methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are consistently needed. Previous study presented that 7,10-epoxy-octadeca-7,9-dienoic acid (EODA) was produced from 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid through one-step heat treatment. Further studies confirmed that EODA was highly active against broad range of pathogenic bacteria including MRSA, promising development of a novel antibacterial agent to control MRSA. However, there are some practical huddles for industrialization of EODA, especially high cost for fine purification. To address this problem, this study was focused on determination of any changes in the antibacterial activities of EODA when used as a crude extract. As a result, any significant changes in the antibacterial activities of EODA was not detected and additional synergistic effect for commercial antibiotics on antibacterial activity was sustained as it was.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.647-655
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• 2024

The synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria, CeO₂) has received significant attention across scientific and technological disciplines in the last decade. This article explores an overview of the green synthesis method and the antibacterial activity of nanoceria. The utilization of biological materials, such as plants and microorganisms, in the synthesis of nanoceria, has gained attention as an ecofriendly approach. Plants are rich in phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, and other nutritious components. Likewise, microorganisms generate bioactive metabolites, pigments, enzymes, proteins, acids, and antibiotics. The phytochemicals and metabolites are involved in the reduction of metal salt into nanoceria and provide stability to synthesized nanoparticles. Nanoceria synthesis using plants and microorganisms is facile and ecofriendly, and synthesized nanoceria are biocompatible. Many biomedical applications of nanoceria have been reported, including those that are anticancer, anti-inflammatory, larvicidal, enzyme inhibiting, antibiofilm, and antimicrobial. However, in this review, we focused on and described in detail the antibacterial potential of nanoceria. The antibacterial activity of nanoceria occurs due to excessive reactive oxygen species generation, the impairment of the cell membrane, and the inhibition of cellular mechanisms. Ultimately, this review's primary goal is to provide readers with a logical understanding of the significant achievements of nanoceria as a cutting-edge therapeutic agent for treating a range of microbial pathogens and combating other diseases.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.401-405
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• 2003

The antibiotic and antioxidant effect of botanical antimicrobial agent-citrus product(BAAC) prepared from citrus fruits were investigated by using fishmeats made from pollack and ascidian fillet. We inoculated Salmonella typhi into fishmeats that were aferwards treated with BAAC varying the concentration level (50-500ppm) including the control not-treated with BAAC. While specimens were stored at 5$^{\circ}C$ for designated period, we measured changes of total number of bacteria, peroxide level and textural properties. In addition, we performed organoleptic examination, focusing on appearance, texture and odor for fishmeats treated with BAAC and stored for designated period. For pollack and ascidian fishmeats, the initial total number of bacteria were 3.7${\times}$l0$^4$CFU/g and 7.5${\times}$l0$^4$CFU/g, respectively. After they were treated with 250 ppm of BAAC solution and stored for 5 days at 5$^{\circ}C$, the figures reduced to 2.5${\times}$l0CFU/g and 8.4${\times}$10CFU/g. No bacteria were found in fishmeats treated with above 500 ppm of BAAC, which remarkably proved antibiotic effect of BAAC solution. Furthermore, all the BAAC-treated specimens exhibited notable antioxidant effect. Fishmeats which were previously treated with 500 ppm of BAAC solution and stored for 30 days at 5$^{\circ}C$, showed the lower peroxide level of 16.5 meq/kg than 68.9 meq/kg in the control of pollack and 21.2 meq/kg than 80.7 meq/kg in the control of ascidian. In the results of texture and organoleptic evaluation we could also observe good effects of BAAC on maintaining the freshness of fisher products.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 1999

Effects of the commercial laundry detergents, fabric softeners, and bleaches on bactericidal activities were studied. Bactericidal activities under various conditions during washing, rinsing, and bleaching were evaluated in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) by a broth dilution method. The experiments were carried out using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli which were usually employed in antibacterial activity tests. The results are summarized as follows : 1. All samples of Powder detergents(10 samples), soaps(7 samples) and fabric softeners(4 samples) were inactive against the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 2. One sample in the liquid detergents(6 samples) showed a very low MIC for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli., and three samples showed a selective effect for two bacterial strains. 3. Bleaching agent(containing peroxide) did not have bactericidal effect for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. but the other(containing chlorine) had the effect for every bacterial strain in standard concentration. 4. All samples showed bactericidal effect above 60$^{\circ}C$.