• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.195-211
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• 2020

Among anti-seismic technologies, base isolation is a very effective means of mitigating damage to structural and nonstructural components, such as equipment. However, most seismic isolation systems are designed for mitigating only horizontal seismic responses because the realization of a vertical isolation system (VIS) is difficult. The difficulty is primarily due to conflicting isolation stiffness demands in the static and dynamic states for a VIS, which requires sufficient rigidity to support the self-weight of the isolated object in the static state, but sufficient flexibility to lengthen the isolation period and uncouple the ground motion in the dynamic state. To overcome this problem, a semi-active VIS, called the piezoelectric inertia-type vertical isolation system (PIVIS), is proposed in this study. PIVIS is composed of a piezoelectric friction damper (PFD) and a leverage mechanism with a counterweight. The counterweight provides an uplifting force in the static state and an extra inertial force in the dynamic state; therefore, the effective vertical stiffness of PIVIS is higher in the static state and lower in the dynamic state. The PFD provides a controllable friction force for PIVIS to further prevent its excessive displacement. For experimental verification, a shaking table test was conducted on a prototype PIVIS controlled by a simple controller. The experimental results well agree with the theoretical results. To further investigate the isolation performance of PIVIS, the seismic responses of PIVIS were simulated numerically by considering 14 vertical ground motions with different characteristics. The responses of PIVIS were compared with those of a traditional VIS and a passive system (PIVIS without control). The numerical results demonstrate that compared with the traditional and passive systems, PIVIS can effectively suppress isolation displacement in all kinds of earthquake with various peak ground accelerations and frequency content while maintaining its isolation efficiency. The proposed system is particularly effective for near-fault earthquakes with long-period components, for which it prevents resonant-like motion.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.241-255
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• 2021

The human auricle is the first part to receive sound from the outside. In this part, the frequency range of human recognizable form is divided and organized. In this study, we propose modeling by applying a single sound source to the surface of the human auricle. This means that when the sound pressure of a low frequency (low frequency) sound enters the pinna, the impedance felt at the tip of a part of the non-linear surface of the pinna is mainly due to the tensile force at the end of the part of the non-linear surface of the pinna. By expressing the situation of moving at a very small speed, the characteristic impedance of the pinna was confirmed to be negative infinity, and it was also confirmed that the speed at the tip of a part of the non-linear surface of the pinna was 0 in the anti-resonance state. It was found that the wave propagation phenomenon that determines the characteristics of the filter is determined by how large the wavelength, kL, is compared to the length of the tip of a part of the non-straight surface of the pinna. Humans first receive sounds from outside through their ears. The auricle is non-linear and has a curved shape, and it is known that it analyzes frequencies while receiving external sounds. The human ear has an audible frequency range of 20Hz - 20,000Hz. Through the study, we applied the characteristics of the notch filter to hypothesize that the human audible frequency range is separated from the auricle, and applied filter theory to analyze it, and as a result, meaningful results were obtained. The curved part and the inner part of the auricle function as a trumpet, collecting sounds, and at the same time amplifying the weak sound of a specific band. The point was found and the shape of the envelope detected in the auricle was found. Selectivity for selecting sounds coming from the outside is the formula of the pinna that implements the function of Q. The function of distinguishing human-recognizable sound from the pinna from low to high through frequency analysis is performed in the pinna, and the 2-3kHz area, where human hearing threshold is the most sensitive, is also the acoustic impedance of the most recessed area of the pinna. It can be seen that starting from.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.327-345
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• 2014

This paper presents a composite control strategy for the active suppression of vibration due to the unknown disturbances, such as external excitation, harmonic effects and control spillover, as well as high-frequency accelerometer measurement noise in the all-clamped stiffened plate. The proposed composite control action based on the modal approach, consists of two contributions including feedback part and feedforward part. The feedback part is the well-known PID controller, which is widely used to increase the structure damping and improve its dynamic performance close to the resonance frequencies. In order to get better performance for vibration suppression, the weight matrixes is optimized by chaos sequence. Then an improved disturbance observer (IDOB) as the feedforward compensation part is developed to enhance the vibration suppression performance of PID under various disturbances and uncertainties. The proposed IDOB can simultaneously estimate the various disturbances dynamically as well as measurement noise acting on the system and suppress them by feedforward compensation design. A rigorous analysis is also given to show why the IDOB can effectively suppress the unknown disturbances and measurement noise. In order to verify the proposed composite control algorithm (IDOB-PID), the dSPACE real-time simulation platform is used and an experimental platform for the all-clamped stiffened plate active vibration control system is set up. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, practicality and strong anti-disturbances ability of the proposed control strategy.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.485-497
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• 2012

최근 철도의 소음, 진동에 대한 사회적 관심이 증가하면서, 철도 진동을 효과적으로 줄일 수 있는 플로팅 슬래브 궤도의 적용이 활발히 이루어 지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 플로팅 슬래브 궤도의 동적 거동을 보다 정확히 이해하기 위하여 실모형 실내 실험을 통해 정적 거동과 시스템 고유 진동수 부근의 저주파 대역에서 플로팅 슬래브 궤도의 동적 거동을 분석함으로써 플로팅 슬래브 궤도의 설계의 적정성과 설계에 적용되는 해석모델의 유효성을 입증하고자 하였다. 실험 및 유한요소 해석 결과에 따르면 플로팅 슬래브 궤도는 강체 모드 고유진동수보다 휨모드 고유 진동수에 가까운 대역에서 탁월 주파수가 나타나며 변형 형상도 휨모드가 가장 지배적인 모드가 되므로, 플로팅 슬래브 궤도의 설계 시에는 슬래브의 휨강성과 조인트 및 단부의 경계조건 등을 고려해야 한다. 또한 Kelvin-Voigt 모델을 사용한 2차원 유한요소 해석모델에 의한 해석 결과는 정적 및 동적 처짐, 하중 전달율 등 실험결과와 매우 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타나 플로팅 슬래브 궤도의 설계에 활용하기에 충분한 신뢰성을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.943-947
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• 1999

$La(Mg_{1/2}Ti_{1/2})O_3$ 세라믹스의 구조 및 고주파 유전특성에 관한 연구를 하였다. $La(Mg_{1/2}Ti_{1/2})O_3$ 는 B site 양이온이 1:1 규칙화된 단사정 구조를 가지고 있었고 격자상수는 $a = 5.5467(3) {\AA}, b = 5.5616(3) {\AA}, c = 7.8426(5) {\AA} 그리고 \beta = 89.9589 (2)^{\circ}$ 로 밝혀졌고. $P2_1/n$의 공간군을 가지고 있었다. $La(Mg_{1/2}Ti_{1/2})O_3$ 내부에는 산소팔면체의 동상 및 역상 기울림이 존재하고 $a^_a^_c^_$ 기울림 구조를 가지고 있음을 알수 있었다. 또한 A site 양이온의 역 평행이동도 발견되었다. $1600^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 소결된 시료는 모두 95% 이상의 상대이론 밀도를 가지고 있었고 유전상수는 대략 28 정도였다. $1630^{\circ}C$ 에서 5시간 소결된 시료에서 최고높은 $Q\timesf_0$값, 63,000을 얻었다. LMT의 공진주파수 온도 계수는 $>-77 ppm/^{\circ}C ~ -79 ppm/^{\circ}C$였다.