• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2003

Antiplatelet aggregation, anticoagulant and lipid-lowering drugs are clinically widely used for secondary preventive purpose in the cardiovascular patients, but there is no primary preventive agents to prevent these diseases. With the aim of developing effective primary agents for cardiovascular diseases, we tried to formulate an optimized mixture of natural plants extract containing Theae sinensis, Camelliae sinensis, Vitis vinifera, Gingko folium and curcuminoids from Curcuma longa and to evaluate its anti-thrombotic and anti-hypercholesterolemic effects in vivo. The inhibitory effect of curcuminoids on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration were also investigated in vitro. in the animal experiments treated with hyperlipidemic diet, oral treatment of curcuminoids and natural plants extracts mixture (100 mg/kg) into male Sprague Dawley rats for 7 week simultaneously inhibited platelet aggregation as well as improved lipid profile in the blood. Compared to control group, both of curcuminoids-treated and mixture-treated groups revealed significantly decrease of total cholesterol (24.4%, 28.6%), free cholesterol (25.1%, 24.0%), cholesterol ester (14.6%, 29.0%), LDL-cholesterol (27.0%, 32.0%) and triglyceride (15.0%, 31.0%), respectively. However, both groups showed increase of HDL-cholesterol (46.6% and 51.5%) . In particular, atherogenic index of curcuminoids and mixture treatment group was significantly decreased to 47.0% and 56.0%, respectively. Furthermore, oral treatment of curcuminoids and mixture significantly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation (21.1% and 29.1%, respectively), compared to control group. The anti-thrombotic values of mixture was almost similar to that of aspirin treatment (100 mg/kg) group. These results suggest that the oral treatment of curcuminoids-based natural plant extract mixture improved cardiovascular conditions in hyperlipidemic rats.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1134-1138
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• 2007

Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) is an adenosine analog, isolated from Cordyceps militaris, and it has been used as an anticancer and anti-inflammation ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine. We investigated the effects of cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) on human platelet aggregation, which was induced by thapsigargin, a tumor promoter, and determined the cytosolic free $Ca^{2+}$ levels ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) (an aggregation-stimulating molecule) and cyclic-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) (an aggregation-inhibiting molecule). Cordycepin inhibited thapsigargin-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, and it clearly reduced the levels of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, which was increased by thapsigargin ($1\;{\mu}M$) or U46619 ($3\;{\mu}M$). Cordycepin also increased the thapsigargin-reduced cGMP levels. Accordingly, our data demonstrated that cordycepin may have a beneficial effect on platelet aggregation-mediated thrombotic diseases through the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$-regulating system such as cGMP.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2001년도 Proceedings of International Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea
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• pp.278.3-278.3
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• 2001

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.302-306
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• 2014

이화누룩은 증자하지 않은 쌀을 물에 불린 후 분쇄하고, 이를 솔잎으로 띄워 발효시킨 한국 전통누룩이다. 이화누룩의 기능성을 평가하기 위해 이화누룩의 에탄올 추출물과 이의 순차적 유기용매 분획물을 조제하고 항혈전 활성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, ethylacetate 분획물은 강력한 thrombin time, prothrombin time, aPTT 연장효과를 나타내었으며, 유기용매 분획후의 물 잔류물에서는 강력한 혈소판 응집저해능이 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 이화누룩의 ethylacetate 분획이 신규의 항혈전제로 사용 가능함을 나타내며, 이는 이화누룩의 항혈전 활성에 대한 최초의 보고이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.132-140
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• 1997

The effects of ginsenosides purified from red ginseng on platelet aggregation were investigated. Preincubation of washed platelets from rats with either ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenosides non-polar fraction (G-NPF), ginsenoside Rg1(Rg1) or ginsenosides polar fraction(G-PF) reduced the plytelet aggrelation induced by collagen in a dose-dependent manner, whereas ginsenoside Rg2 failed to inhibit the aggregation. Their IC50 values of Rg3, G-NPF, Rgl, and G-PF were 8.7$\pm$1.0, 150.3$\pm$0.1, 369.9$\pm$ 1.0, 606.211.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. Aggrelation induced by thrombin was also inhibited by Rg3 and G-NPF with IC50 being 5.2$\pm$ 1.1 and 66.5$\pm$0.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. The alterations of Intracellular Ca2+ concentration in platelets were monitored using fura-2 as a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator. Both Ca2+ release from internal stores and Ca2+ influx into cytosol were suppressed by Rg3. Rg3 also inhibited granular release of ATP and TXA2 formation induced by thrombin in a dose-dependent manner in the washed platelets. Rg3 also inhibited Aggregation and ATP release from human platelets induced by collagen to a similar extent as were observed in rat platelets. In conclusion, Rg3 is a Potent anti-aggregating component in ginsenosides and may exert its anti-aggrega1ing activity by decreasing TXAa formation and granular secretion in platelets, most likely by inhibiting Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores. Thus ginseng may contribute to the prevention and treatment of thrombosis.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1320-1324
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• 2005

식생활에서 쉽게 접하고, 다양한 생리 활성 물질을 함유하고 있는 국산콩에 대하여 품종별로 용매 추출하여 각 추출물에 대한 혈소판 응접에 미치는 영향과 혈소판 응집을 유도하는 collagen과 thrombin에 대한 응집 억제작용을 비교하였고, isoflavone 유도체의 함량 및 검정콩 종피 추출물이 혈소판 응집억제에 미치는 효과를 연구하였다. 국산콩 품종별 용매추출물 1 mg/mL을 collagen $2 {\mu}g/mL$과 thrombin 0.1unit/mL으로 유도한 혈소판 응집반응에 메탄올보다 부탄을 추출물에서 감한 응집억제 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 진품콩과 검정콩의 부탄을 추출물이 collagen에 대하여 각각 $94\%$와 $95\%$의 혈소판 응집 억제율이었고 검정콩이 thrombin에서도 $95\%$의 혈소판 응집억제작용을 나타내었다. 혈소판 응집 억제율이 가장 강한 진품콩과 검정콩의 iso-flavone 함량은 진품롱의 genistein과 daidzein 함량이 검정콩의 genistein과 daidzein의 함량보다 모두 3배 가량 높았다. 배당체인 genistin의 함량은 두 품종 모두 비 배당체인 gem stein과 daidzein 함량보다 높았으며, 총 isoflavone 함량에서도 진품콩이 검정콩보다 높은 함량이었다. Isoflavone 유도체의 혈소판 응집억제작용은 collagen으로 유도한 혈소판 응집 반응에서 $200 {\mu}g/mL$농도에서 genistein>daidzein>geni-stin 순으로 각각 $97\%,\;38\%,\;13\%$로 억제되었고, thrombin으로 유도한 혈소판 응집 반응에서는 약한 억제작용을 나타내었다. 검정콩 종피에서 메탄올 및 부탄올 추출물의 혈소판응집 억제작용은 collagen에서 각각 $86\%$와 $61\%$로 나타내었고, thrombin에서도 $36\%$와 $32\%$의 응집 억제작용을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 진품콩과 검정콩의 혈소판 응집억제작용은 총 isoflavone 함량과 관련이 있으며, isoflavone 유도체 에서 -OH group이 3개인 genistein이 -OH group이 2개인 daizein보다 혈소판 응집억제작용이 강하며, 당이 결합된 genistin 배당체의 약한 응집억제작용은 -OH group 수와 배당체의 관련성을 보여주고 있는 것으로 시사되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.372-376
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• 2018

연(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner)으로부터 신규의 유용 생리활성을 확인하기 위해, 연잎, 연자방, 연자육, 연자심, 우절 및 연근으로부터 각각 ethanol 추출물을 제조하고, 현재까지 보고되지 않은 항혈전 활성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 연근, 연잎 및 연자심 추출물은 항응고 활성이 인정되지 않았으나, 우절, 연자방 및 연자육 추출물에서는 강력한 TT, PT, aPTT 연장효과를 나타내었으며, aspirin 보다 강력한 항응고 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 혈소판 응집저해 활성 평가 결과, 우절, 연잎, 연자방, 연자육 추출물에서 응집저해가 나타났으며, 가장 강력한 응집저해는 연자방과 연자육에서 확인된 바, 이는 아스피린에 필적하는 강력한 활성이었다. 상기 활성 추출물은 1.0 mg/ml 농도까지 인간 적혈구 용혈활성이 없음을 확인하여, 우절, 연자방 및 연자육 추출물이 신규의 항혈전제로 사용 가능함을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.548-555
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• 2017

Background: Korean Red Ginseng has been used for several decades to treat many diseases, enhancing both immunity and physical strength. Previous studies have documented the therapeutic effects of ginseng, including its anticancer, antiaging, and anti-inflammatory activities. These activities are mediated by ginsenosides present in the ginseng plant. Ginsenoside Rg3, an effective compound from red ginseng, has been shown to have antiplatelet activity in addition to its anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Platelets are important for both primary hemostasis and the repair of the vessels after injury; however, they also play a crucial role in the development of acute coronary diseases. We prepared ginsenoside Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract (Rg3-RGE) to examine its role in platelet physiology. Methods: To examine the effect of Rg3-RGE on platelet activation in vitro, platelet aggregation, granule secretion, intracellular calcium ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) mobilization, flow cytometry, and immunoblot analysis were carried out using rat platelets. To examine the effect of Rg3-RGE on platelet activation in vivo, a collagen plus epinephrine-induced acute pulmonary thromboembolism mouse model was used. Results: We found that Rg3-RGE significantly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation and $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ mobilization in a dose-dependent manner in addition to reducing ATP release from collagen-stimulated platelets. Furthermore, using immunoblot analysis, we found that Rg3-RGE markedly suppressed mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation (i.e., extracellular stimuli-responsive kinase, Jun N-terminal kinase, p38) as well as the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase)/Akt pathway. Moreover, Rg3-RGE effectively reduced collagen plus epinephrine-induced mortality in mice. Conclusion: These data suggest that ginsenoside Rg3-RGE could be potentially be used as an antiplatelet therapeutic agent against platelet-mediated cardiovascular disorders.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.376-380
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• 2004

Five pentacyclic triterpenoids, oleanolic acid (1), hederagenin (2), ursolic acid (3), tormentic acid (4) and myrianthic acid (5), were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Campsis grandiflora, and structures of the compounds were established by the spectroscopic methods. Compounds 2, 3, 4, and 5 were isolated for the first time from the genus Campsis. All of the compounds ($IC_{50}$: 45.3, 32.8, 82.6, 42.9 and $46.2{\mu}M$ respectively) were as equivalently inhibitive as acetylsalicylic acid ($IC_{50}:57.0{\mu}M$) on epinephrine induced platelet aggregation.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2004

We investigated the effects of plant vinegar on platelets and blood coagulation system. Plant vinegar inhibited in vitro platelet aggregation in a concentration dependent manner, when platelets were activated by thrombin and collagen. In addition, plant vinegar showed inhibitory effects on the serotonin secretion induced by thrombin in a concentration dependent manner. However, treatment with plant vinegar to platelets did not induce any cytotoxicity, as determined by the release of lactate dehydrogenase. Plant vinegar did not change the coagulation parameters such as activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) using rat citrated plasma. In vivo study revealed that, treatment with plant vinegar prolonged the bleeding time from mouse tail. All these results suggest that plant vinegar might improve blood hemostasis mediated via anti platelet activities.