• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 2007

The anti-fibrotic effects of hot water extract of adventitious root culture of Panax ginseng (ARCP) and the possible mechanisms were investigated on $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity model mice. Fibrosis was induced by a mild treatment of $CCl_4$. Then silymarin as a positive control drug and ARCP or carrier alone as a negative control were treated. Serum GPT, GOT and ALP activity levels were lowered by 25, 21 and 11% for silymarin treated group and by 48, 39 and 14% for ARCP treated group compared to carrier treated alone. Hepatic collagen for ARCP treatment group was reduced by 18% and MDA contents decreased a little more. Pro-fibrotic gene ($TGF-{\beta}1$, TIMP-1 and ${\alpha}-SMA$) expression increased following the $CCl_4$ treatment, but both the silymarin and the ARCP treatments decreased the expressions of these genes by 20% to 50%. The antioxidant effect of ARCP was studied by DPPH free radical scavenging activity. In addition, a generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also reduced in $H_2O_2-treated$ HepG2 cells upon the ARCP treatment. In summary, ARCP has antioxidant property, and can have some protection against oxidative stress; more importantly, ARCP can efficiently protect mice against $CCl_4-induced$ fibrosis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.307-310
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• 2003

Kainic acid (KA) is a structural analogue of glutamate that interacts with specific presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors to potentiate the release and excitatory actions of glutamate. Systemic or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of KA to experimental animals elicits multifocal seizures with a predominantly limbic localization, and results in neuronal death of cornu ammonia 1 (CA1), reactive gliosis and biochemical changes in the hippocampus and other limbic structures. Several lines of evidence suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of excitotoxic death by KA. Curcumin has been known to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the effects of curcumin on KA induced hippocampal cell death, reactive gliosis and biochemical changes in reactive glia were investigated by immunohistochemical methods. Our data demonstrated that curcumin attenuated KA-induced astroglial and microglial activation although it did not protect KA-induced hippocampal cell death.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1830-1840
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• 2019

Loliolide is one of the most ubiquitous monoterpenoid compounds found in algae, and its potential therapeutic effect on various dermatological conditions via agent-induced biological functions, including anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties, was demonstrated. Here, we investigated the effects of loliolide on hair growth in dermal papilla (DP) cells, the main components regulating hair growth and loss conditions. For this purpose, we used a three-dimensional (3D) DP spheroid model that mimics the in vivo hair follicle system. Biochemical assays showed that low doses of loliolide increased the viability and size of 3D DP spheroids in a dose-dependent manner. This result correlated with increases in expression levels of hair growth-related autocrine factors including VEGF, IGF-1, and KGF. Immunoblotting and luciferase-reporter assays further revealed that loliolide induced AKT phosphorylation, and this effect led to stabilization of β-catenin, which plays a crucial role in the hair-inductive properties of DP cells. Further experiments showed that loliolide increased the expression levels of the DP signature genes, ALP, BMP2, VCAN, and HEY1. Furthermore, conditioned media from loliolide-treated DP spheroids significantly enhanced proliferation and the expression of hair growth regulatory genes in keratinocytes. These results suggested that loliolide could function in the hair growth inductivity of DP cells via the AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.308-317
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• 2020

S. komarovii is halophyte that grows in soil or waters of high salinity, such as in saline semi-deserts, sloughs and seashores. Traditionally, S. komarovii has been used for food and medicinal purposes in Korea. S. komarovii was extracted in 70% ethanol to measure anti-oxidative activity using DPPH and ABTS assay. The IC₅₀ values of the S. komarovii extract against DPPH radicals and ABTS radicals were 186.10 mg/mL and 121.89 mg/mL. In addition, total polyphenol and reducing power were measured. The S. komarovii extract exhibited superior polyphenolic (22.5%) and antioxidant (28.4%) contents. Regarding cell bioactivity, MTT assay was conducted to reveal cytotoxicity of S. komarovii extract and showed the non-cytotoxicity of S. komarovii extract. Anti-inflammatory and skin whitening effects were measured at 100 ㎍/mL. Therefore, this study suggests that the S. komarovii extract can be used as a functional cosmetic product material.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2009

Vitis amurensis (VA; Vitaceae) has long been used in oriental herbal medicine. It has been reported that roots and seeds of VA have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In the present study, the protective effect of ethanol extract from stems and leaves of VA on hydrogen peroxide (${H_2}{O_2}$) (100 ${\mu}M$)-induced neuronal cell damage was examined in primary cultured rat cortical neurons. VA (10-100 ${\mu}g$/ml) concentration-dependently inhibited ${H_2}{O_2}$-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death measured by 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Hoechst 33342 staining. VA inhibited ${H_2}{O_2}$-induced elevation of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration (${[Ca^{2+}]}_i$) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were measured by fluorescent dyes. Pretreatment of VA also prevented glutamate release into medium induced by 100 ${\mu}M$ ${H_2}{O_2}$, which was measured by HPLC. These results suggest that VA showed a neuroprotective effect on ${H_2}{O_2}$-induced neuronal cell death by interfering with ${H_2}{O_2}$-induced elevation of ${[Ca^{2+}]}_i$, glutamate release, and ROS generation. This has a significant meaning of finding a new pharmacological activity of stems and leaves of VA in the CNS.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.4 s.59
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• pp.263-267
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• 2006

Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of Petasites japonicus extract were evaluated. P. japonicus extract showed 70.1% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid. In the experiment using the cell permeable dye, 2',7'- dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) as an indicator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, intracellular oxidative stress in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes was shown to be decreased by P. japonicus extract. Also, UVB-induced production of interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ and prostaglandin $E_2$ in human HaCaT keratinocytes was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with P. japonicus extract. All these results suggest that P. japonicus extract can be effectively used for prevention of UV-induced adverse skin reactions such as radical production and inflammation.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2000

DHAQ-97, (2-(3-[p-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl]-2 formylaminopropanoyloxy) methy1-1,4-dihy-droxy-9,10-anthraquinone), is a novel anthraquinone derivative synthesized for use as an anti-neoplastic agent. In the present study, we have evaluated the selective cytotoxicity of DHAQ-97 by comparing its effects on viability and proliferation of human breast cancer cell line (NCF-7) versus normal immortalized breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10A). Thus, DHAQ-97 reduced both viability and proliferation of MCF-7 cells to a much greater extent than did for MCF-10A cells. The growth inhibitory and anti-proliferative properties of DHAQ-97 appear to be attributable to its ability to induce apoptosis as revealed by positive staining after in 냐셔 nick-end labeling (TUNEL), cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into cytoplasm, and increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein. Recent studies have indicated possible involvement of the ubiquitous eukaryotic transcription factor, NF-kappa B (NF-kB) in the regulation of apoptotic cell death. In line induced cytotoxicity in cultured MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, mild activation of NF-kB, as determined by its increased DNA binding capability, was observed 30 min after treatment with 10$\mu\textrm{m}$ DHAQ-97. Taken together, the above findings suggest that DHAQ-97 exerts selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells through induction of apoptosis, which appears to be regulated by NF-kB.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2012

Gelidium (G.) elegans is a red alga inhabiting intertidal areas of North East Asia. We examined anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of G. elegans, depending on drying and extraction conditions, by determining reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in 3T3-L1 and RAW 264.7 cells. Extraction yields of samples using hot air drying (HD) and far-infrared ray drying (FID) were significantly higher than those using natural air drying (ND). The 70% ethanol extracts showed the highest total phenol and flavonoid contents compared to other extracts (0, 30, and 50% ethanol) under tested drying conditions. The scavenging activity on 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitrite correlated with total phenol or flavonoid content in the extracts. The greatest DPPH scavenging effect was observed in 70% ethanol extract from FID and HD conditions. The production of ROS and NO in 3T3-L1 and macrophage cells greatly decreased with the 70% ethanol extraction derived from FID. This study suggests that 70% ethanol extraction of G. elegans dried by FID is the most optimal condition to obtain efficiently antioxidant compounds of G. elegans.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1051-1056
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• 2006

Rehmanniae radix preparata is the root of Rehmanniae glutinosa Liboschitz var. purpurea Makino which has been classified into Scrophulariaceae. Rehmanniae radix preparata has been used for the treatment of diabetes, for the relief of the pain, and for the anti-oxidative action. In this study, the effect of the aqueous extract of Rehmanniae radix preparata on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation was investigated by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, prostaglandin E2 immunoassay, and nitric oxide (NO) detection in mouse BV2 microglial cells. In the present results, the aqueous extract of Rehmanniae radix preparata suppressed prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis and nitric oxide production by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein in mouse BV2 cells. These results show that Rehmanniae radix preparata exerts anti-inflammatory effect probably by suppressing of COX-2 and iNOS expressions.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.322-329
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• 2018

A diarylheptanoid, (5S)-1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxyheptane-3-one-5-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranoside, named oregonin (1), was isolated from the of Alnus japonica (A. japonica), which is a species of the genus Betulaceae, growing throughout Korea, Japan and China. The structure was elucidated by various spectroscopic methods including negative and positive LC/MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR techniques or by comparison with authentic samples. In order to evaluate the anti-oxidative activities of oregonin (1) isolated from A. japonica, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and 2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid] (ABTS) radical scavenging activity were measured in vitro. Oregonin from A. japonica exhibited potent DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. A. japonica shows not only 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity, but also apoptosis modulative effects. The present results indicate that A. japonica could be a hair-growth-promoting agent for cosmetic products.