• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2014

Objectives : Herbal formulas are complicated to analyze and difficult to compose because of its mixed, complex features. So we discussed about how to compose herbal formulas effective and efficient by analyzing various effectiveness of each herbal extracts. Methods : To evaluate the effectiveness of herbal formula, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effectiveness were mathematically analyzed. DPPH, superoxide anions, Nitric Oxide scavenging activity was measured to evaluate the effectiveness of 7 herbal extracts. And next, cytotoxic activity of extracts on RAW 264.7 cells were measured using MTS assay. To asses anti-inflammatory effect, nitric oxide and $PGE_2$ production were measured. Based on these anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory experiment result, mathematical analyzation were carried out with constOptm function, and determined efficacy-maximizing ratio. Results : This mathematical analysis based formula showed significantly outstanding effectiveness than other formulae. And estimated tendency of anti-inflammatory effectiveness was matched with real effectiveness. Conclusions : So, mathematical analysis can be available to evaluate and estimate the effectiveness of herbal formulae.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidative effect of electroacupuncture at Shinmaek($BL_{62}$) in rats. Methods : In order to cause oxidative stress, AAPH was administered to the abdominal cavity of rats, after we stimulated $BL_{62}$ of the rat by electroacupuncture. Blood test and anti-oxidative test(LDL-cholesterol, GOT, GPT SOD, GSH, catalase, NO, MDA) were performed at the end of treatment. Results: 1. SOD, glutathione, catalase activity were significantly increased in the $BL_{62}-EA$ group compared with the holder group. 2. NO density was significantly decreased in the $BL_{62}-EA$ group compared with the holder group. 3. Glutathione was significantly increased in the $BL_{62}-EA$ group compared with the sham-EA group. Conclusion : These results suggest that electroacupuncture at $BL_{62}$ has an anti-oxidant effect in human.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2012

Objectives : Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with pathogenic processes including carcinogenesis through direct effect on DNA directly and by acting as a tumor promoter. Therefore, it has been regarded that ROS may be a major target for cancer prevention. The root of Paeonia lactiflora pall (PL), a traditional Chinese herb, has been a component of effective prescriptions for treatment of liver disease. Also, there are some reports about the antioxidant activities of the extracts from PL. However, little has been known about the effects of PL against oxidative damage. This work aimed to elucidate the anti-oxidant effects of Paeonia lactiflora pall (PL) in the non-cellular system and cellular system. Methods : Antioxidant activities of PL were evaluated by hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating assay. Anti-oxidative effect of PL was evaluated by ${\varphi}X$-174 RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay in non-cellular system. In addition, DNA migration assay, expression level of phospho-H2AX, MTT assay and lipid peroxidation assay were performed for evaluate the anti-oxidative effect of PL in cellular system. Results : PL had a dose-dependent hydroxyl radical scavenging and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating capacity. In addition, PL inhibited oxidative DNA and cell damage induced by hydroxyl radical in non-cellular system and cellular system. Conclusion : Taken together, P. lactiflora pall may be possible for the application to a potential drug for treating the oxidative diseases such as cancer.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2007

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate diagnostic difference and anti-oxidative effect of 3 different Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) extracts. Methods : Microscopic examination was used to distinguish histological differences. And eliminative ability of several kinds of free radicals was also measured. Results : In microscopic examination, we can distinguished three different lineage of AR with different structure of vascular bundles and secretory structures. The extract of AR show profitable abilities of elimination of DPPH free radical, ABTS free radical and hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion : So, it can be concluded that AR extract has an anti-oxidative effects. Especially indeciduous lineage was most effective to remove free radicals.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2016

Objectives This study was designed to investigate whether the Cheongajihwang-Tang (CT) has an inhibitory effect association with oxidation or inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. Methods Cytotoxic activity of CT extract on RAW264.7 cells was evaluated by using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution. Nitric oxide production was measured using Griess reagent system. The total phenolic contents and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was measured to evaluate the anti-oxidative effects of CT. Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) has been used as a substrate for measuring intracellular oxidant production. Results Cheongajihwang-Tang does not impair the cell viability in tested concentration. CT showed anti-oxidative effects in vitro by decreasing electron donating ability, and also showed anti-inflammatory effects suppressing NO and ROS expression in LPS induced RAW264.7 activation. CT inhibited the generation of intracellular ROS production as dose dependant manner. Conclusions CT has anti-oxidative effects and anti-inflammatory activities. These results indicate that CT extract has an anti-inflammatory activities via anti-oxidative effects.

• 환경생물
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.376-382
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• 2013

[6]-Gingerol, a major polyphenol of ginger (Zingiber officinale), exhibits a variety of biological properties including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. However, the radioprotective effect of [6]-gingerol is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the radioprotective effect of [6]-gingerol against radiation-induced cell cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. [6]-Gingerol pretreatment attenuated radiation-induced cell cytotoxicity caused by 5Gy (half lethal dose, $LD_{50}$ of HepG2 cells). The measurements of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity were also performed. The results showed that [6]-gingerol pretreatment reduced increasing SOD and CAT activity after exposure of IR, indicating that [6]-gingerol protected oxidative stress by regulating cellular antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) activity. These findings suggest that [6]-gingerol acts as a radioprotector by attenuating cell cytotoxicity and oxidative stress.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.474-478
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• 2005

Because it possesses anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, and tissue regenerative properties, propolis has been used for thousands of years in folk medicine for multiple purposes. Although the antimicrobial activity of propolis has already been demonstrated, very few studies have been conducted on bacteria of clinical relevance in dentistry. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities of 0.1% and 1.0% propolis, both of water-extracted (proAQ) and ethanol-extracted (proAL) propolis, for industrial applications. In studies of antimicrobial activity, the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 35556, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 12021, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Candida parapsilosis KCCM 35428, all general food or clinical pathogens, were tested. The culture medium used was trypticase soy broth including 0.6% yeast extract; after 6 hr of incubation, the turbidities were measured at 620 nm with a spectrophotometer. The results indicate that the antimicrobial effects of both 1.0% proAQ and 1.0% proAL were greater against the growth of S. aureus ATCC 35556 and C. parapsilosis KCCM 35428 rather than those of S. enteritidis ATCC 12021 and E. coli O157:H7. Additionally, it appears that the anti-inflammatory effects of proAL are greater than those of proAQ. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by measurement of the inhibition of hyaluronidase activity in vitro. At a 1% concentration, the anti-inflammatory effects of proAL were greater than those of proAQ. Finally, the anti-oxidative effects of 1% and 10% solutions of each extract sample were measured according to the TBA method at $40^{\circ}C$ for 1, 2, 3, and 5 days and were compared with 1.0% BHT. The results indicate that the anti-oxidative effects at 0.1% for both proAQ and proAL were not significantly different than the anti-oxidative effects at 1.0% BHT (p<0.05). Thus, it appeared that the alcohol-extracted propolis had greater antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects than the water-extracted propolis. This is based on the presumption that major biofunctional components were fat-soluble, rather than water-soluble.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.155-167
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was intended to compare genetic differences and anti-oxidative effects of Achyranthis Japonicae Radix, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix and Cyathulae Radix. Methods : The genetic differences of Achyranthis Japonicae Radix, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix and Cyathulae Radix were observed with RAPD analysis. Anti-oxidative effects of Japonicae Radix, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix and Cyathulae Radix were investigated. Result : 1. As the result of RAPD analysis, Achyranthis Japonicae Radix was found to be genetically similar with Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix. 2. There was a little difference in the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation inhibiting activity, SOD activity of Achyranthis Japonicae Radix, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix and Cyathulae Radix. Generally, Achyranthis Japonicae Radix was found to have stronger effect than the others. Conclusions : Achyranthis Japonicae Radix and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix were genetically similar. Achyranthis Japonicae Radix, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix and Cyathulae Radix all exhibited anti-oxidative action.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.139-154
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• 2008

Objectives & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the anti-oxidative effects of electroacupuncture to Yinlingquan(SP9) in AAPH induced oxidative stress of rats. The author performed several experimental items including measurements of body weight, levels of albumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, GOT and GPT in serum, levels of SOD, glutathione, catalase, NO and MDA in liver, histological analysis of liver. The conclusions are as follows. Results : 1. In the SP9-EA group, the level of LDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased in comparison with that of the holder group and control group. 2. In the SP9-EA group, SOD activity, glutathione concentration in liver were increased, and NO concentration was decreased significantly in comparison with those of the control group and the holder group. 3. In the SP9-EA group, the density of liver tissue was maintained more similarly to the normal group in comparison with those of the control group and the holder group. 5. The results of the SP9-NR group showed similar tendencies with those of the SP9-EA group, but the effects were lower than those of the SP9-EA group. Conclusion : These results suggest that electroacupuncture at SP9 has an anti oxidative effect through suppressing both the reduction of anti-oxidative enzymes and production of oxidized substances.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Objectives : ROS are involved in a wide spectrum of diseases including chronic inflammation and cancer. S.chinensis Baill, a perennial herb commonly called Chinese lizard's tail or Sam-baek-cho in Korea, is used for the treatment of edema and inflammatory diseases in the Oriental folk medicine. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of the two extracts, water(WE) and ethyl acetate(EAE) from S.chinensis Baill. Methods : Anti-oxidant activity was evaluated using Fe2+ chelating and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. DNA cleavage assay, and western blot and immunostaining for phospho-p65 were performed to evaluate anti-oxidative effect. Anti-inflammatory effect was performed using NO generation assay and western blot in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. Results : In Fe2+ chelating activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, WE showed more strong scavenging activity for hydroxyl radical than EAE. WE scavenged hydroxyl radical by 12% at 3.2 ${\mu}g/ml$, 21% at 16 ${\mu}g/ml$, 32% at 80 ${\mu}g/ml$, 66% at 400 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 82% at 2000 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In addition, WE showed more strong chelating activity than EAE. WE chelated Fe2+ ion by 1.1% at 3.2 ${\mu}g/ml$, 8.2% at 16 ${\mu}g/ml$, 26.3% at 80 ${\mu}g/ml$, 72% at 400 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 89% at 2000 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Also, WE inhibited oxidative damage via its anti-oxidant activity. In anti-inflammatory effect, EAE inhibited NO production and iNOS expression. In addition EAE suppressed the NF-${\kappa}B$ and MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions : Together, these data indicate that S. chinensis Baill, shows anti-oxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effect.