• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.17-24
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• 2015

Objectives : Persicaria tinctoria belongs to the Polygonaceae family and it has been used as the natural dye traditionally. Also, it is well known that the Persicaria tinctoria is used for treating the following symptoms such as fever, inflammation and edema. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agent from various parts of Persicaria tinctoria.Methods : We investigated the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of the Persicaria tinctoria extracts. Antioxidant activities were measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, Fe²⁺ chelating activity and Reducing power of Persicaria tinctoria extracts. And its inhibitory effect against oxidative DNA damage was evaluated in non-cellular system using φX-174 RF I plasmin DNA. The anti-inflammatory effect of Persicaria tinctoria was measured by using the inhibitory efficacy for the amount of nitric-oxide (NO) produced in LPS induced RAW264.7 cells.Results : The extracts from stem part showed better DPPH scavenging activity compared to those of the leaf and root extracts. Their IC₅₀s were measured as 7.17, 144.40 and 165.07 ug/ml, respectively. These results were similar to that of ABTS radical scavenging assay and reducing power. Also, Persicaria tinctoria showed the protective effects of DNA damage against oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effect by suppression of NO production in LPS induced RAW264.7 cells.Conclusions : These results showed that various parts of Persicaria tinctoria can be used as an effective source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents via antioxidative activities and anti-inflammatory effect.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.167-171
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• 2009

This study examined the antioxidative activity of delphinidin, a kind of anthocyanidin from eggplant. Cellular protective potential from oxidative damage by nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anion ($O_2^-$), and peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) using epithelial cell line LLC-PK1 cell as well as in vitro radical scavenging effects were investigated. Delphinidin showed strong in vitro radical scavenging effects against NO, $O_2^-$, and hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$) in dose-dependent manners. In addition, delphinidin increased cell viability in LLC-PK1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner when viability was reduced by $ONOO^-$-induced oxidative damage. To elucidate the protective mechanisms of delphinidin from $ONOO^-$, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and pyrogallol were also employed to generate NO and $O_2^-$, respectively. The treatment of delphinidin recovered reductions in cell viability caused by SNP and pyrogallol, indicating that delphinidin can attenuate oxidative stress induced by NO and $O_2^-$. The present study suggests that delphinidin is a promising anti oxidative agent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.118-119
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• 2001

The anti-cardiovascular effect of estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women is known to be associated with its role as an antioxidant, its ability to protect cells from DNA damage. Genistein concentrated polysaccharide (GCP) is a functional food produced by fermentation of soybean isoflavone extracts with Basidiomycetes, containing rich content of genistein aglycones. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GCP on oxidative DNA damage and plasma total antioxidant potential, comparing to the effect of estrogen.(omitted)

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2020

Oxidative stress is one of the contributors of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease. According to previous studies, Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda (AY) possesses variable pharmacological activities including anti-coagulant and anti-obesity effect. In this study, we aimed to determine the neuroprotective effect of ethyl acetate fraction from Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda (EFAY) against oxidative stress. Therefore, we carried out 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate assays in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells treated with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). H₂O₂-treated control cells exhibited reduced viability of cells, and increased LDH release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production compared to normal cells. However, treatment with EFAY restored the cell viability and inhibited LDH release and ROS production. To investigate the underlying mechanisms by which EFAY attenuated neuronal oxidative damage, we measured protein expressions using Western blot analysis. Consequently, it was observed that EFAY down-regulated cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-1β protein expressions in H₂O₂-treated SH-SY5Y cells that mediated inflammatory reaction. In addition, apoptosis-related proteins including B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein expressions were suppressed when H₂O₂-treated cells were exposed to EFAY. Our results indicate that EFAY ameliorated H₂O₂-induced neuronal damage by regulating inflammation and apoptosis. Altogether, AY could be potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.752-756
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• 2010

Lepidoptera (butterflies) extracts, traditionally employed as medicines, have various biological activities. Five species of Lepidoptera (Papilio maackii, Papilio xuthus, Pieris rapae, Eurema hecabe, and Sasakia charonda) were extracted with distilled water (DW), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol (EtOH), and methanol (MeOH). Each extract was analyzed for anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay method, the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) test, and a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) promoter assay. The results suggest that Lepidoptera extracts have valuable anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting the idea that the extracts may serve as a food biomaterial(s) preventing oxidative processes and inflammatory damage.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1292-1298
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• 2009

Sipjeon-Daebo-Tang (SDT) is indicated for deficiency syndrome of both gi and blood, marked by pale or sallow complexion, dizziness, lassitude, shortness of breath, dislike for talking, poor appetite, pale tongue with thin whitish fur, thready and weak pulse. Gami-Sipjeon-Daebo-Tang(GSDT) is composed of 10 herbs within SDT and Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu (CPC). CPC can noursh kidney-yang, promote the production of the essence and blood, strengthen tendons and bones. Recently SDT is known as anti-cancer drug. Especially CPC is reported to have anti-oxidative action. For these reasons, we investigated the protective effects on cell death induced by chemicals such as paraquat, hydrogen peroxide and anti-oxidative effects in C6 glioma cells. In our results, GSDT accelerated proliferation rates of C6 cells in vitro. In addition, protective effects on cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide and rotenone. In addition, SOD activities were increased by treatment with both SDT and GSDT. In conclusion, these results suggest the possibility of GSDT to protect brain cell or neuronal cell from damage induced by oxidative stress. And also suggest that related mechanisms are involved in SOD activities.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.327.2-327.2
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• 2002

Inflammatory as well as oxidative tissue damage has been associated with pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to retard the progress of AD. In this study, we have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative and inflammatory cell death induced by beta-amyloid (Abeta), a neurotoxic peptide associated with senile plaques formed in the brains of patients with AD, in cultured PC12 cells. (omitted)

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2015

Objectives : The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress activities through regulation of Nrf2-mediated genes by Rhei rhizoma and Glycyrrhiza rhizoma combined extract (RGE) in reflux esophagitis.Methods : The antioxidant activity of RGE in vitro was measured in terms of radical scavenging capacity such as DPPH and ABTS. RGE was administered at 350 mg/kg body weight prior to induction of reflux esophagitis. Reflux esophagitis was induced that tied the pylorus and the transitional junction between the forestomach and the corpus in Sprague-Dawley rats.Results : RGE scavenged DPPH and ABTS effectively and IC₅₀of RGE each were 4.9 μg/ml and 45.6 μg/ml. Our results show that RGE administration markedly ameliorated mucosal damage upon histological evaluation. In serum and esophagus tissue, RGE significantly suppressed the oxidative stress biomarkers. Reflux esophagitis induced rats exhibited down-regulation of antioxidant-related proteins in the esophagus; however, the levels with treatment of RGE were significantly higher than those of vehicle reflux esophagitis rats. RGE treatment caused significant reductions in activation of NF-κB transcription factor. Thus, RGE significantly exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activities by suppressing the protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory proteins such as COX-2 and iNOS and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-αin the esophagus tissue.Conclusions : Reflux esophagitis caused considerable levels of oxidative stress in the esophageal mucosa and the administration of RGE reduced the esophageal mucosa damage through the regulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. Our findings can considered as supplementary therapy in the prevention or treatment of reflux esophagitis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.180-188
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• 2015

This study investigated the possible effects and molecular mechanisms of diallyl disulfide (DADS) against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in rats. Inflammation response was assessed by histopathology and serum cytokines levels. We determined the protein expressions of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-${\kappa}B$), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), oxidative stress, urinary nitrite-nitrate, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Finally, we studied the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling in the protective effects of DADS against CP-induced HC. CP treatment caused a HC which was evidenced by an increase in histopathological changes, proinflammatory cytokines levels, urinary nitrite-nitrate level, and the protein expression of NF-${\kappa}B$, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-${\alpha}$, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p-extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK). The significant decreases in glutathione content and glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities, and the significant increase in MDA content and urinary MDA and 8-OHdG levels indicated that CP-induced bladder injury was mediated through oxidative DNA damage. In contrast, DADS pretreatment attenuated CP-induced HC, including histopathological lesion, serum cytokines levels, oxidative damage, and urinary oxidative DNA damage. DADS also caused significantly decreased the protein expressions of NF-${\kappa}B$, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-${\alpha}$, p-JNK, and p-ERK. These results indicate that DADS prevents CP-induced HC and that the protective effects of DADS may be due to its ability to regulate proinflammatory cytokines production by inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$ and MAPKs expressions, and its potent anti-oxidative capability through reduction of oxidative DNA damage in the bladder.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2010

Taurine, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is an abundant free amino acid present in brain cells and exerts many important biological functions such as anti-convulsant, modulation of neuronal excitability, regulation of learning and memory, anti-aggressiveness and anti-alcoholic effects. In the present study, we investigated to explore whether taurine has any protective actions against oxidative stress-induced damages in neuronal cells. ERK I/II regulates signaling pathways involved in nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and plays a role in the regulation of cell growth, and apoptosis. We have found that taurine significantly inhibited AMPA induced cortical depolarization in the Grease Gap assays using rat cortical slices. Taurine also inhibited AMPA-induced neuronal cell damage in MTT assays in the differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. When the neuronal cells were treated with $H_2O_2$, levels of NO were increased; however, taurine pretreatment decreased the NO production induced by $H_2O_2$ to approximately normal levels. Interestingly, taurine treatment stimulated ERK I/II activity in the presence of AMPA or $H_2O_2$, suggesting the potential role of ERK I/II in the neuroprotection of taurine. Taken together, taurine has significant neuroprotective actions against AMPA or $H_2O_2$ induced damages in neuronal cells, possibly via activation of ERK I/II.