• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.670-677
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• 2007

산화적인 스트레스(oxidative stress)는 신경염증의 발병 요인 중의 하나로 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구는 약용곤충으로 알려진 청동풍뎅이(Anomala albopilosa) 성충과 3령 유충(궁벵이) 에탄올 추출물을 대상으로 항산화활성을 비교 측정하였으며, 또한 대식세포인 RAW 264.7 세포에서의 NO 의 생성억제 효과 및 세포독성 그리고 분자 염증관련 인자인 iNOS, COX-2와 $PGE_2$ 생성 및 활성 억제를 조사하여 항염 증효과 등의 생리활성을 측정 비교하였다. 우선, 분자염증은 활성산소 관련의 물질과 밀접한 관련이 있으므로 향산화 실험과 관련하여 청동풍탱이 성충과 3령 유충 에탄올 추출물 의 DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical 소거능, superoxide radical 소거능, xanthine oxidase 저해활성 그리고 nitric oxide 소거능에 대한 항산화활성 등의 assay를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 청동풍뎅이 에탄올 추출물은 항산화능을 갖고 있었으며, 3령 유충 추출물에서보다는 성충 추출물에서 다소 높은 항산화활성을 보여주었다. 또한 RAW 264.7 세포에 LPS로 자극을 주고 청동풍뎅이 성충과 3령 유충 에탄올 추출물을 처리하여 항염증관련 활성을 확인해본 결과, 고농도에서는 다소 세포독성을 나타냈지만 농도의존적으로 NO, iNOS, COX-2 그리고 $PGE_2$의 생성 억제효과가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 유용곤충자원을 이용한 유효성분 추출을 통한 항산화 및 항염증 물질의 연구 또는 예방하거나 치료할수 있는 염증 억제 성분의 분리 및 그 작용기전 연구에 중요한 기초 자료가 될 것이라 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2016

Objectives : Poria cocos Wolf has been widely used in Korean medicine as a medicinal fungus. In this study, we investigated that comparative anti-oxidant effects of ethanol extract from wild Poria cocos (WP) and plastic bag-cultivated Poria cocos (PBP).Methods : Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in WP and PBP extract were monitored. And DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl (·OH) free radical scavenging capacity, reducing power and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities of them were determined at 5, 1, 0.5 mg/ml concentrations.Results : Higher total polyphenol contents were found in the PBP extract (52.07±0.6 mg/TAEg) than in the WP extract (28.44±0.26 mg/TAEg). The flavonoid contents in WP and PBP extract were 17.29±0.30 mg/ RUEg, 21.36±0.40 mg/ RUEg, respectively. Also, DPPH, ABTS and ·OH free radical scavenging capacity of PBP extract in treated concentrations (5, 1, 0.5 mg/ml) significantly increased compared to those of WP-treated group. In particular, DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of PBP extract at 5 mg/ml concentration were similar to positive control (BHA or vit. C). Xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition rate in both extract increased dose dependently. But it was significantly increased in PBP-treated group, only at 5 mg/ml, compared to those of WP-treated group. Then, their inhibition rate by PBP was similar to positive control (BHA).Conclusions : These results suggest that PBP extract is superior to WP extract in anti-oxidant capacity thus PBP can be applied in variable antioxidative products as a substitute for WP.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2004

해양 천연물 유래의 신규 광노화 방지소재의 개발을 위해 항산화 활성과 matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) 발현 억제활성을 갖는 잘피(Zostera marina L.)를 선별하였다. 에탄올 추출물로부터 3개의 화합물(compound 1과 2, 3)을 분리하였으며 각각 apigenin-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside (1)과 chrysoeriol (2), luteolin (3)으로 동정하였다. 이 화합물들은 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical에 대하여 각각 0,18mM과 0.68mM, 0.01mM의 $SC_{50}$/ 값을 나타내었으며, xanthine과 xanthine oxidase의 반응으로 생성되는 superoxide radical에 대하여 각각 0.04mM과 0.03mM, 0.01mM의 $SC_{50}$/ 값을 나타내었다. 특히 compound 3은 MMP-1에 대해 35.0$\mu$M의 농도에서 44% 이상의 발현 억제황성을 나타내었으며 MMP-1 발현을 유도하는 신호전달물질로 알려 있는 interleukin 6의 생성도 억제하였다. 또한 잘피 추출물을 함유한 제품이 주름 개선효과를 측정하였다. 추출물을 3.0% 함유한 크림을 8주간 적용하여 미세주름과 피부거칠음의 현저한 개선효과를 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 잘피 추출물에서 분리된 화합물들은 우수한 항산화 활성과 MMP-1 발현 억제활성을 가지며, 이 추출물을 함유한 제품은 피부주름의 감소효과를 나타내었다. 따라서, 잘피 추출물은 화장품의 새로운 항노화 소재로서 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2005

노화와 연관하여 설련의 항산화 효과, in vitro MMP 활성 저해능, 자외선 조사에 의해 유도된 MMP-1 발현에 대한 영향을 사람섬유아세포를 이용하여 확인하였다. 설련의 항산화 효과를 알아보기 위하여 DPPH radical과 superoxide anion radical 소거효과를 측정하였다. 그 결과 DPPH radical 소거능의 $IC_{50}$ 값은 $3.89{\mu}g/mL$이고, xanthine/xanthine oxidase에 의한 superoxide anion radical 제거능의 $IC_{50}$ 값은 $67.29{\mu}g/mL$이었다. 설련 $1000{\mu}g/mL$에서 93.27%의 지질과산화 저해효과를 나타내었다. MMP-1의 효소활성 저해 효과는 농도 의존적으로 활성을 억제하였으며, $IC_{50}$ 값은 $97.18{\mu}g/mL$이다. 또한 자외선 조사에 의해 사람 섬유아세포에서 발현되는 MMP-1에 대해 단백질의 양적인 변화는 42.86% 감소되었으며, 설련에 의해 농도 의존적으로 MMP-1 mRNA의 발현량도 감소되었다. 이러한 실험결과를 통하여 설련은 항산화 효과뿐만 아니라 자외선 조사에 의해 유도되는 MMP-1 단백질 발현과 mRNA 유전자 수준에서의 조절이 가능함을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 설련은 항산화와 자외선으로부터 생성되는 MMP-1의 발현을 저해함으로써 노화와 따른 피부를 보호하는 항노화 소재로서의 응용가능성을 확인하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.656-665
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• 2024

효소 억제제는 인체 내 다양한 대사과정을 조절하는 단백질에 속하는 효소의 작용을 억제하여 특정 질병이나 상태를 치료하는 데 도움을 준다. 퀘르세틴은 폴리페놀 계열에 속하는 플라보노이드의 일종으로 식물에서 발견되는 이차 대사산물이다. 이러한 퀘르세틴은 구조적 이점을 바탕으로 효소의 활성부위에 결합하여 α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, bacterial neuraminidase, xanthine oxidase에 대한 억제 활성을 갖는 것으로 보고된다. 또한, 퀘르세틴은 glycosylation, methoxylation, alkylation 등을 통해 특징적인 치환기를 가질 수 있으며 이러한 천연 퀘르세틴 유도체는 효소 활성 부위의 촉매 잔기와 특이적인 결합 패턴을 나타내어 더욱 우수한 효소저해활성을 가질 수 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 퀘르세틴 및 그 유도체의 특징적인 구조에 대해 알아보고 이들의 효소저해활성을 통해 유도체별 다양한 질병을 목표로 하는 효과적인 효소 저해제 개발에 유망한 후보가 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2015

Excessive microglial activation and subsequent neuroinflammation lead to synaptic loss and dysfunction as well as neuronal cell death, which are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the regulation of microglial activation has been evaluated as effective therapeutic strategies. Although dieckol (DEK), one of the phlorotannins isolated from marine brown alga Ecklonia cava, has been previously reported to inhibit microglial activation, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated here molecular mechanism of DEK via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt and nicotinamide adenine dinuclelotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-mediated pathways. In addition, the neuroprotective mechanism of DEK was investigated in microglia-mediated neurotoxicity models such as neuron-microglia co-culture and microglial conditioned media system. Our results demonstrated that treatment of anti-oxidant DEK potently suppressed phosphorylation of ERK in lipopolysaccharide (LPS, $1{\mu}g/ml$)-stimulated BV-2 microglia. In addition, DEK markedly attenuated Akt phosphorylation and increased expression of $gp91^{phox}$, which is the catalytic component of NADPH oxidase complex responsible for microglial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Finally, DEK significantly attenuated neuronal cell death that is induced by treatment of microglial conditioned media containing neurotoxic secretary molecules. These neuroprotective effects of DEK were also confirmed in a neuron-microglia co-culture system using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-transfected B35 neuroblastoma cell line. Taken together, these results suggest that DEK suppresses excessive microglial activation and microglia-mediated neuronal cell death via downregulation of ERK, Akt and NADPH oxidase-mediated pathways.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1187-1195
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• 2006

Panax notoginseng exhibit several beneficial effects including anti-oxidant effects. P. notoginseng is used as a therapeutic agent to stop haemorrhages and a tonic to promoted health in Korean and Chinese medicine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the main P. notoginseng are still not accurately investigated. The exact mechanism of the anti-oxidant activitys of water extracts of P. notoginseng, however, has not been determined. in present study, I examined the effects of water extracts of P. notoginseng on high cholesterol diet atherosclerosis-induced rats in serum and abdominal aorta. A total of 3-week old 9 male rats of Sprague-Dawley were divided into 3 groups and fed with the basal diet (normal group), high cholesterol diet (atherosclerosis induced group) for 8 weeks, high cholesterol diet supplemented with water extracts of P. notoginseng (P. notoginseng group) for 4 weeks. And rats were sacrificed, serum lipid level, abodominal aortic anti-oxidant activities and lipid peroxide were measured. These results indicated that serum total cholesterl, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides concentration significently lowered in P. notoginseng group than high cholesterol diet group. But HDL-cholesterol concentraion significently higher in P. notoginseng group than high cholesterol feed group. And abdominal aortic xanthine oxidase activity was significantly reduced by dietary water extracts of P. notoginseng supplementation (p<0.05) Also abdominal aortic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly increased by dietary water extracts of P. notoginseng supplementation (p<0.05) Especially, abdominal aortic level of lipid peroxide tended to increase in high cholesterol feed group, but water extract of P. notoginseng intake reduced the value (p<0.05).

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.35-58
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Curcuma longa rhizoma extract in an experimental rat model of osteoarthritis. Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced in rats by injecting monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the knee joint cavity of rats. The rats were divided into 5 groups (Normal, Control, positive comparison, low (CL) and high (CH) concentration groups). Rats in the low concentration (CL) group had MIA-induced osteoarthritis; they were treated with Curcuma longa rhizoma extract at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight. Rats in the high concentration (CH) group had MIA-induced osteoarthritis; they were treated with Curcuma longa rhizoma extract at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight. Hind paw weight distribution and ROS levels were measured. At the end of all treatments, changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels were analyzed. In addition, inflammatory protein levels were evaluated by western blot analysis. Results: In this study, hind paw weight distribution significantly improved in the CL and CH groups, while. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production significantly decreased in both. The levels of ALT, AST, BUN, and creatinine did not significantly change in either group. The production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4), $p47^{phox}$, and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) decreased in both. Catalase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased in the CL and CH groups, respectively. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) increased, but there were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups. Inflammatory cytokines, including nuclear factor-kappa Bp65 (NF-${\kappa}Bp65$), interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), decreased significantly in both the CL and CH groups. Conclusions: Our results showed that Curcuma longa rhizoma extract has anti-inflammatory effects. Anti-inflammatory activity is regulated by the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and mediators, such as NF-${\kappa}B$, therefore, it suppresses cartilage damage as well.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the wound healing effects of oral administered hot water extracts of Korean black ginseng (KBG). Methods 40 C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups; normal, control, vitamin E 200 mg/kg, KBG 100 mg/kg, KBG 200 mg/kg, each n=8. Skin wounds were made in the back of all mice except normal group using biopsy punches. Wounds were observed on days 7 and 14 after injury. The anti-oxidant and inflammatory protein levels were evaluated using western blotting. Skin tissue was analyzed by hematoxylin & eosin and Masson's trichrome staining method. Results KBG significantly accelerated reducing wound area. KBG significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity. KBG significantly decreased oxidative stress factors such as NADPH oxidase-4 and p22^phox and increased antioxidant enzymes including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2, kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1, heme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase-1/2. Moreover, KBG significantly decreased inflammation factors including nuclear factor-κB, phosphorylated inhibitor of κBα, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6 and increased anti-inflammation cytokine such as IL-4 and IL-10. In addition, KBG significantly increased tight junction proteins including claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4. In histopathologic, KBG made the epithelium thin and uniform, and accelerated the remodeling of collagen. Conclusions The results suggest that KBG has healing effects on skin wound in mice by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.858-868
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary yeast hydrolysate (YH) supplementation on intestinal morphology, barrier, and anti-inflammatory functions of broilers. Methods: A total of 320 one day old male broilers were randomly allocated into four groups with eight replicates of ten broilers each. The broilers were supplemented with a basal diet (the control group) or basal diets adding 50, 100, 150 mg/kg YH, respectively. This trial lasted for 42 days. The orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to determine the linear and quadratic effects of increasing levels of YH. Results: In our previous research, supplementing YH improved growth performance by enhancing body weight gain but decreased feed-to-gain ratio. In this study, compared with the control group, dietary YH addition linearly and quadratically decreased serum diamine oxidase activity (p<0.05). Additionally, supplementing YH linearly and/or quadratically decreased jejunal crypt depth (CD), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentration as well as mucin 2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, TNF-α, nuclear factor kappa B, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 gene expression levels (p<0.05). Whereas the jejunal villus height (VH), VH/CD, IL-10 concentration as well as zonula occludens-1 and IL-10 gene expression levels were linearly and/or quadratically increased by YH supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary YH supplementation improved intestinal morphology, barrier and anti-inflammatory functions while decreased intestinal permeability of broilers, which might be related with altering pertinent genes expression. This study provides evidence of YH as a promising feed additive for broilers.