• Title/Summary/Keyword: Anti-oxidant Effect

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Fermentation Patterns of Chungkookjang and Kanjang by Bacillus licheniformis B1 (Bacillus licheniformis B1에 의한 청국장 및 간장 발효)

  • Lee, Jae-Jung;Lee, Dong-Seok;Kim, Han-Bok
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.296-301
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    • 1999
  • A Bacillus strain from Korean soil was isolated and identified to be Bacillus licheniformis B1 through various biochemical tests, VITEK, and MIDI system analysis. The strain produced extracellular amylase and protease. Whether or not the strain can perform Chungkookjang fermentation with autoclaved soybean and Kanjang fermentation was determined in this study. In Chungkookjang fermentation, browining materials of strong anti-oxidant increased 8-fold, and 2-fold in Kanjang, compared with initiation material for fermentation. Maximal protease activity in Chungkookjang was observed one day after inoculation. Protease activities in Kanjang decreased to the half, and then maintained constant values during fermentation, probably due to the inhibitory effect of salt on protease activities. High molecular mass of nucleic acids was identified in Chungkookjang and Kanjang. Since the nucleic acids were not observed in autoclaved soybean, they seem to be originated from B. licheniformis B1. This study demonstrated successive fermentation of Chungkookjang and Kanjang by B. licheniformis B1 isolated from nature, and suggested possible development of food rich in browing and nucleic acids.

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Effects of Daechilgi-tang on Glutamate-induced Apoptosis in C6 Glial Cells (대칠기탕(大七氣湯)이 Glutamate에 의한 C6 Glial 세포의 Apoptosis에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hye-Yoon;Ko, Seok-Jae;Bang, Chang-Ho;Shin, Sun-Ho;Lee, John Dong-Yeop;Lee, In
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.693-705
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    • 2010
  • Objectives : The water extract of Daechilgi-tang(DCGT) has traditionally been used for treatment of qi stagnation(氣滯), which is considered to be one of the important causes of neuronal disease in oriental medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which DCGT protects neuronal cells from brain cell damages. Methods and Results : The author tested the mechanism of the cytoprotective effect of DCGT on glutamate -stimulated rat C6 glial cells. DCGT significantly protected C6 glial cells from glutamate in MTT assay. Pre-treatment of C6 glial cells with DCGT markedly inhibited the DNA fragmentation of C6 cells induced by glutamate. Glutamate increased the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and intracellular calcium level in C6 glial cells. However, pre-treatment with DCGT markedly suppressed the increase of ROS generation and intracellular calcium accumulation induced by glutamate. Among apoptosis signaling mediators, DCGT markedly increased the expression level of Bcl2 in glutamate-treated cells. It also inhibited the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP proteins by glutamate in C6 glial cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that DCGT protects brain cells from glutamate cytotoxicity through inhibition of ROS generation and activation of apoptosis signaling pathway as well as induction of the anti-oxidant system.

Maltol Inhibits Apoptosis of Human Neuroblastoma Cells Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide

  • Yang, Yang;Wang, Jian;Xu, Caimin;Pan, Huazhen;Zhang, Zinan
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.145-149
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    • 2006
  • To analyze the effect of Maltol on the apoptosis of Human Neuroblastoma Cells (SH-SY5Y) treated by free radical which was generated from Hydrogen Peroxide ($H_2O_2$), flow cytometry analysis on Phosphatidylserine (PS) inverting percentage was applied to determine the apoptosis. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay was employed to analyze the cell viability. DNA electrophoresis was used to detect DNA fragmentation. Moreover intracellular calcium of concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) was measured by fluorescence emission. Flow cytometry analysis on the function of mitochondria and Western blto analysis of NF-${\kappa}B$. The results showed that the pretreatment with maltol for 2 hours could prevent the $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis. Maltol could reduce the inverting percentage of PS, DNA fragmentation and $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, and enhance the cellular function of mitochondria. NF-${\kappa}B$ activated by $H_2O_2$ is reduced. The experiments suggest that maltol could effectively inhibit the apoptosis induced by $H_2O_2$. As a novel anti-oxidant, maltol is a new promising drug in protecting the neurological cells from the damage by free radical.

Antioxidant Activity and Effects on Brain Tissues After Administering Kudzu Leaf Extract on Rats with Induced Stress Due to Laryngeal Injury (후두 손상으로 스트레스 유발시킨 랫드에 칡잎추출물을 투여 후 항산화작용과 뇌 조직에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Tae-Jong;Yea, Chun-Jung
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.14 no.12
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    • pp.6296-6301
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    • 2013
  • To examine the effects of voice disorders after a laryngeal injuryon the changes in stress, this study examined the effects of the changes observed in laboratory animals and on stress reduction effects, by inducing a laryngeal injury in SD type rats after administering a kudzu leaf extract, which has a sedation effect. For testing, a total of 24 rats comprising the normal group, control group and experimental groups (1 and 2 6 rats in each group) were used, and antioxidant experiments and molecular and chemical tests were conducted by administering a specified amount of kudzu teaorally once a day at a set time, 6 times per week for 5 weeks. The control group appeared to be significantly higher than the normal group (p <0.05), whereas the experimental group showed significant decreases compared to the control group (p <0.05), showing a better result than the normal group. The test results showed that the kudzu leaf extract resulted in significant changes compared to the control group. Overall, the administration of kudzu leaf extract has stress reduction effects.

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Attenuates Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibition of Edema Formation and Oxidative Stress

  • Zhang, Bo;Wang, Bing;Cao, Shuhua;Wang, Yongqiang
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.491-497
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    • 2015
  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and long-term disability, which can decrease quality of life. In spite of numerous studies suggesting that Epigallocatechin-3- gallate (EGCG) has been used as a therapeutic agent for a broad range of disorders, the effect of EGCG on TBI remains unknown. In this study, a weight drop model was established to evaluate the therapeutic potential of EGCG on TBI. Rats were administered with 100 mg/kg EGCG or PBS intraperitoneally. At different times following trauma, rats were sacrificed for analysis. It was found that EGCG (100 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment significantly reduced brain water content and vascular permeability at 12, 24, 48, 72 hour after TBI. Real-time PCR results revealed that EGCG inhibited TBI-induced IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression. Importantly, CD68 mRNA expression decreasing in the brain suggested that EGCG inhibited microglia activation. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry results showed that administering of EGCG significantly inhibited the levels of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. TBI-induced oxidative stress was remarkably impaired by EGCG treatment, which elevated the activities of SOD and GSH-PX. Conversely, EGCG significantly reduced the contents of MDA after TBI. In addition, EGCG decreased TBI-induced NADPH oxidase activation through inhibition of $p47^{phox}$ translocation from cytoplasm to plasma membrane. These data demonstrate that EGCG treatment may be an effective therapeutic strategy for TBI and the underlying mechanism involves inhibition of oxidative stress.

Studies on Gene Expression of Yukmijihwang-tang using High-throughput Gene Expression Analysis Techniques (대규모 유전자 분석 기법을 이용한 육미지황원의 유전자 발현 연구)

  • Kang, Bong-Joo;Kim, Yun-Taik;Cho, Dong-Wuk
    • Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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    • v.8 no.2 s.9
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    • pp.95-107
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    • 2002
  • Yukmijihwang-tang(YM) is a noted herbal prescription in Chinese and Korean traditional medicines, and it has been known to reinforce the vital essence and has been widely used for a variety of disease such as stroke, osteoporosis, anti-tumor, and hypothyrodism. Regarding its traditional use, YM has been known to reinforce the Yin (vital essence) of liver and kidney. Also it has been known to reinforce nutrition and biological function in brain. Recently, studies suggested that YM increase antioxidant activities and exert the protective effect against oxidant-induced liver cell injury. We investigated the high-throughput gene expression analysis on the Yukmijihwang-tang administrated in SD rats. Microarray data were validated on a limited number of genes by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. The recent availability of microarrays provides an attractive strategy for elaborating an unbiased molecular profile of large number of genes in drug discovery This experimental approach offers the potential to identify molecules or cellular pathways not previously associated with herbal medicine. Total RNA from normal control brain and Yukmijihwang-tang administrated brain were hybridized to microarrays containing 10,000 rat genes. The 52 genes were found to be up-regulated(twice or more) excluding EST gene. The nine genes were found to be down-regulated(twice or more) excluding EST gene. Gene array technology was used to identify for the first time many genes expression pathway analysis that arecell cycle pathway, apoptosis pathway, electron transport chain pathway, cytoplasmic ribosomal protein pathway, fatty acid degradation pathway, and TGF-beta signaling pathway. These differentially expressed genes pathway analysis have not previously been iavestigated in the context of herbal medicine efficacy and represent novel factors for further study of the mechanism of herbal medicine efficacy.

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A 43 kD Protein Isolated from the Herb Cajanus indicus L Attenuates Sodium Fluoride-induced Hepatic and Renal Disorders in Vivo

  • Manna, Prasenjit;Sinha, Mahua;Sil, Parames C.
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.382-395
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    • 2007
  • The herb, Cajanus indicus L, is well known for its hepatoprotective action. A 43 kD protein has been isolated, purified and partially sequenced from the leaves of this herb. A number of in vivo and in vitro studies carried out in our laboratory suggest that this protein might be a major component responsible for the hepatoprotective action of the herb. Our successive studies have been designed to evaluate the potential efficacy of this protein in protecting the hepatic as well as renal tissues from the sodium fluoride (NaF) induced oxidative stress. The experimental groups of mice were exposed to NaF at a dose of 600 ppm through drinking water for one week. This exposure significantly altered the activities of the antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and the cellular metabolites such as reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), total thiols, lipid peroxidation end products in liver and kidney compared to the normal mice. Intraperitoneal administration of the protein at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight for seven days followed by NaF treatment (600 ppm for next seven days) normalized the activities of the hepato-renal antioxidant enzymes, the level of cellular metabolites and lipid peroxidation end products. Post treatment with the protein for four days showed that it could help recovering the damages after NaF administration. Time-course study suggests that the protein could stimulate the recovery of both the organs faster than natural process. Effects of a known antioxidant, vitamin E, and a non-relevant protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been included in the study to validate the experimental data. Combining all, result suggests that NaF could induce severe oxidative stress both in the liver and kidney tissues in mice and the protein possessed the ability to attenuate that hepato-renal toxic effect of NaF probably via its antioxidant activity.

Effect of Hyunggaeyunkyotangbalhyobang (HYBH) on Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice Model (형개련교탕발효방(荊芥連翹湯醱酵方)이 NC/Nga mouse 동물병태에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Eung-Ho;Yoo, Ji-Hyun;Gim, Seon-Bin;Lee, Yong-Koo;Kim, Dong-Hee
    • Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.65-83
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    • 2011
  • Various related factors and tissue changes in vitro and in vivo were observed to investigate the efficacy of HYBH on atopic dermatitis. The results are described below. HYBH improved the atopic dermatitis symptoms by naked eye examination, and significantly decreased dermatitis clinical index at 14 weeks. HYBH significantly decreased CD4+/CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+/CD69+ immune cell ratios in PBMC by 28%, 16%, 30%, 26% and 22% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased CD11b+/Gr-1+, CD3 immune cell ratios in dorsal skin by 35.3% and 67.5% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the expression of IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in spleen by 23% and 15% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the production rate of IL-5, IL-13 and histamine in serum by 17%, 23%, and 8.8% respectively and increased IL-17 production by 17%. HYBH significantly decreased immunoglubulins IgG1 and IgE production in serum. The results above indicated that treatment of HYBH improved atopic dermatitis symptoms by anti-oxidant activity and immune modulation activity as a clinical evidence. Also, different fermentation conditions using various microbial strains should be accumulated as the clinical evidence for broad application in the future.

Microemulsion Fomulation for Enhanced Topical Absorption of Root Extract of Angelica gigas (당귀 추출물의 피부 흡수 증가를 위한 마이크로에멀젼 조성)

  • Jung, Eun-Jae;Choi, Joon-Ho;Park, Chun-Geon;Choi, Ae-Jin;Jeong, Se-Ho;Chung, Suk-Jae;Shim, Chang-Koo;Kim, Dae-Duk
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.56 no.3
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    • pp.152-157
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    • 2012
  • Angelica gigas is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in Asia. Root extract of Angelica gigas is known to have anti-oxidant activity and skin whitening effect. The aim of this study was to prepare microemulsion system of root extracts of Angelica gigas for topical delivery. Microemulsion was successfully prepared by using MCT (medium chain triglyceride) as an oil phase, Labrasol as a surfactant, and the mixture of propyleneglycol and phosphatidylcholine (4 : 1) as a cosurfactant. In vitro and in vivo skin permeation and deposition of decursin, as a marker, was determined using hairless mouse. Microemulsion significantly increased the in vitro skin permeation of decursin for up to 12 hours and was significantly higher than the control (water). Moreover, microemulsion formulation showed significantly higher skin deposition of decursin compared to the control in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Thus, microemulsion could be a useful vehicle for topical application of root extracts of Angelica gigas.

Antioxidant Effects and Spectrophotometry Analysis of Alkaloids from Vinca minor (빈카 마이너 추출물에 함유된 알칼로이드들의 분광학적 분석 및 항산화 효능 연구)

  • Kim, Jun-Sub;Joo, Ji-Hye;Kang, Jo-Eun;Jang, Sun-Dong;Jung, Kyung-Hwan;Moon, Gi-Seong;Lee, Hyang-Yeol
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.16-22
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    • 2015
  • Alkaloids of Vinca minor L. were characterized by HPLC equipped with the photo diode array detector and compared their UV/vis absorption spectra with an index material such as vincamine. UV/vis absorption spectra of more than 9 compounds belong to various classes such as flavonoids were shown and characterized. Extracts with ethanol or hot water were tested against the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical to investigate their antioxidant activity. Based on the results, those extracts show about 14-15% of antioxidant activity of quercetine and vitamin C used as standards.