• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.123.1-123.1
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• 2003

To investigate the effect of chitosn oligosaccharide on skin care, we measured tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16 melanoma cells, and elastase and hyaluronidase activity. Chitosan oligosaccharide itself did not have any anti-oxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging, and did not affect the proliferation of B16 melanoma cells. Chitosan oligosaccharide dose-depednetly increased mealnin production in the absence or presence of MSH. However, chitosan oligosaccharide did not have any influence on the tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase expression in B16 melanoma cells. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.602-612
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• 2017

This study was performed to verify various effects of 70% ethanol extract and distilled water extract of pine leaf such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin-lightening effects analysis in cells. The result of antioxidant experiment showed that polyphenol content increased concentration dependently in polyphenol and flavonoid effects. The total content of polyphenols and flavonoids was much higher in ethanol extract than water extract. In all the cells of B16F10, RAW264.7 cytotoxicity at each concentration level didn't appear. The result of measuring NO production inhibition showed that it inhibited NO production led to LPS effectively, so anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed. The result of measuring melanin biosynthesis inhibition showed that there was considerably reduction effect, but it performed western blot, and as a result of MITF, Tyrosinase protein revelation, the inhibition of MITF, Tyrosinase revelation was confirmed concentration dependently, Therefore, in this study pine leaf extract was expected to be used as a cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.206-219
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• 2010

To establish the fundament for EBM of Traditional Korean Medicine, the papers on Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang) frequently used in medical institutions of Traditional Korean Medicine were analyzed through researching domestic and international papers. The papers were classified by the registration of domestic or international journals, the year of publishment, experimental fields and the kinds of studies on biological activities. Of total 228 papers on Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang), 121 volumes were selected according to creteria. 47 volumes were published in domestic journals, 71 in Chinese journal, 2 in Japanese journal, and 1 in Taiwan journal. The papers on instrumental analyses were preceeded by HPLC, MS, GC with standard compounds of herbal medicine in Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang). The papers on biological activities of Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang) showed improvement of gastrointestinal activity and blood circulation, immunoactivity, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-fatigue, anti-stress, pharmacokinetics, hepatic protection, radioprotection, muscular activity, hematopoiesis and nontoxical effect. Further studies including gastrointestinal disorder, immune related disease, cancer, oxidative injury and pharmacokinetic study need to be preceeded to establish the fundament for EBM of Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.614-620
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• 2014

Kainic acid (KA) is a excitatory agonist causing epileptic seizure and excitotoxicity in the hippocampus. Gastrodia Elata (GE) is known to have anti-convulsant and anti-oxidant effects. This study was investigated a possible role of GE in suppressing epileptic seizure using KA-induced epilepsy mouse model. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were administrated GE (50 or 500 mg/kg) once a day for 5 days, and then injected KA (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Behavioral changes in mice by KA were evaluated for 90 minutes immediately after the KA administration. Six hours after the KA administration, their brains were harvested and the expressions of glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD-67) and K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) in the hippocampus of the mice were measured by immunohistochemistry.GE delayed the onset of epileptic seizure after KA administration, suppressed the severity of the seizure and decreased the number of severe seizures dose dependently. Moreover, GAD-67 and KCC2 expressions in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1 and CA3 of 500 mg/kg GE administrated mice were significantly increased compared to those in KA-treated mice.GAD-67 and KCC2 play an important role in regulating GABAergic system. Our results suggest that GE has anti-convulsant effect against KA-induced epileptic seizure through enhancing GABAergic system.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.160-167
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• 2021

Nypa fruticans Wurmb (NFW) contains a large amount of phenolic acid and flavonoids, and is popular as a superfood in Myanmar. NFW has various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective properties; however, the anti-cancer effect of NFW have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of water extracts of NFW (WeNFW) and the underlying mechanism in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. The WeNFW inhibited FaDu cell growth in a dose-dependent manner without affecting normal cells (L929), as determined by an MTT assay and Live and Dead assay. In addition, the concentrations of WeNFW without cytotoxicity (0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/mL) inhibited wound healing and colony formation. Furthermore, WeNFW significantly induced apoptosis through the proteolytic cleavage of caspase-3 and -9, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax in FaDu cells, as determined by DAPI staining, FACS analysis, and western blot analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that WeNFW exhibits potent anti-cancer effects by suppressing the growth of oral cancer cells, wound healing and colony formation activity. Via mitrochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Therefore, WeNFW can provide a natural chemotherapeutic drug for oral cancer in humans.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2023

Zanthoxylum piperitum has been used as a spice or various folk remedies since ancient times, and studies on antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects have been reported. In this study, a raw material standardization study was conducted for the industrialization of Z. piperitum. First, optimal conditions for drying methods were established for the standardization of raw materials for Z. piperitum, and optimal conditions were established through content analysis using quercitrin, an marker compound, by obtaining samples every month. As for the drying method of Z. piperitum, it was confirmed that cold air drying was the best. It was analyzed that the marker compound content was highest in July. Next, for functional and toxicity evaluation of Z. piperitum, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune enhancing efficacy and cytotoxicity were evaluated. Cytotoxicity of Z. piperitum was not observed, and it was confirmed that although it had an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, it had no immuneenhancing effects. In addition, a study was conducted on the change in the efficacy of Z. piperitum using lava seawater, and as a result of the study, it was confirmed that the efficacy was superior when lava seawater was simultaneously treated. In conclusion, this study suggested the standardization of raw materials through the analysis of the marker compounds and the functional evaluation of Z. piperitum, and it can be used as basic data for future industrialization.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.424-435
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• 2023

As a result of this study, DPPH radical scavenging activity was 81.8% at a concentration of 100 ㎍/mL of Alpinia galanga L. rhizome 70% ethanol extract (AG.E), and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activity was confirmed to be 99.8%, similar to L-Ascorbic acid (AA), at a low concentration of 50 ㎍/mL AG.E. To measure anti-aging activity, collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities were measured and AG.E showed higher inhibitory effects than epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) starting at a low concentration of 50 ㎍/mL. In particular, AG.E showed inhibitory effects more than three times that of EGCG at a concentration of 500 ㎍/mL. In order to verify anti-aging effect of AG.E in CCD-986sk cell, good anti-aging effect was obtained in various experiments stimulated with UVB. In a gene expression analysis experiment using RT-PCR, the COL1A mRNA expression level was found to increase 2.90 times compared to no addition at a low concentration of 20 ㎍/mL AG.E, confirming the possibility of developing it as a good functional material related to anti-aging. As a basic study on temporal biological activity preservation ratio of material when applied to formulations, AG.E, and AA were added to a stable W/O type emulsion and stored in a thermostat at 25 ℃ for 60 days. As a result of measuring DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activities on the 1st, 30th, and 60th days, it was confirmed that antioxidant effects are maintained at a high level over time in formulations.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.241-262
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• 2009

Objectives This study is designed to investigate the effects of Jujadokseo-hwan on the brain ability and inducing oxidative stresses. Methods We measured the changes of regional cerebral blood flow and mean arterial blood pressure. Then we analyzed histological examination, immunohistochemistric response and anti-oxidant activity of Jujadokseo-hwan. Results 1. Treatment of Jujadokseo-hwan significantly increased regional cerebral blood flow but decreased mean arterial blood pressure. 2. Treatment of Jujadokseo-hwan-induced increase of regional cerebral blood flow was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. 3. In histological examination through TTC stain, group I was no change, but group II showed that discolored in the most cortical part. Group III showed that decreased discolor in the cortical part. 4. In immunohistochemistric response of BDNF, group II showed that lower response effect. Group III showed that increase response effect. 5. Treatment of Jujadokseo-hwan increased proliferation rates of Glial cell effectively 6. Treatment of Jujadokseo-hwan accelerated proliferation rates of C6 cells in vitro. In addition, protective effects on cell death induced by paraquat, rotenone and hydrogen peroxide. In addition, activity of SOD were increased by treatment with Jujadokseo-hwan. Conclusions In conclusion, Jujadokseo-hwan can improve of the brain ability, learning ability, memory ability and induce ischemic brain injuries.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2009

Cadmium ($Cd^{2+}$) is a heavy metal and a potent carcinogen implicated in tumor development through occupational and environmental exposure. However, the auditory effect of $Cd^{2+}$ is not poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether prevent the ototoxic effects of $Cd^{2+}$ by antioxidnat in auditory cell line, HEI-OC1. Rosmarinic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic compound and also known to possess marked antioxidant properties. We showed that antioxidnat inhibited the the cytochrome c release induced by $Cd^{2+}$. In addition, we showed that the regulatory effect of antioxidnat on apoptosis is through the caspase-9 activation, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in auditory cells. These results suggested antioxidnat its therapeutic usefulness, against $Cd^{2+}$ induced activation of caspase-9 and ERK.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.21-26
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• 2014

Objectives : Taraxacum coreanum (TC) have been used as a traditional medicine to treat inflammatory diseases and anti-oxidant effect in Korea. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of TC water extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation is not well-known. Therefore, this study was performed to identify the anti-inflammatory effect of TC on LPS induced inflammatory. Methods : RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 500 ng/mL of LPS. Water extracts of TC (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 mg/ml) was treated 1 h prior to LPS. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Levels of nitric oxide (NO) were measured with Griess reagent and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). We also examined molecular mechanisms such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) activation by western blot. Results : Water Extract from TC itself did not have any cytotoxic effect in RAW 264.7 cells. TC treatment inhibited the production of NO production, and pro-inflamamtory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$ on protein and mRNA levels. In addition, TC treatment inhibited the LPS-induced activation of MAPKs such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 kinases (p38), c-Jun $NH_2$-terminal kinase (JNK) and $NF-{\kappa}B$. Conclusions : In summary, our result suggest that treatment of TC could reduce the LPS-induced inflammation. Thereby, TC could be used as a protective agent against inflammation. Also, this study could give a clinical basis that TC could be a drug or agent to prevent inflammation.