• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2019

Objectives : Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol), a natural monoterpenoid phenol, is one of the major odorant constituents found in natural essential oils of various herbal plants, such as Thymus quinquecostatus and Thymus vulgaris. Multiple biological activities of thymol, including antioxidative, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects, have been reported in numerous in vitro studies, and recently it was suggested that thymol may could inhibit oxidization of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to dopaquinone required in melanogenesis pathway, as an antioxidant. Methods : MTT assay was performed to test the cytotoxic effect of thymol in B16F10 cells. Inhibitory effect of thymol to tyrosinase activities were examined using both mushroom tyrosinase and intracellular tyrosinase. Expression level of tyrosinase in B16F10 cells were investigated by western blot analysis. Results : The cell viability was decreased by thymol treatment in dose-dependant manner, leading significant cytotoxicity in 500 and $1000{\mu}M$ thymol-treated groups. In the alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH)-induced melanogenesis, administration of thymol significantly decreased extracellular (secreted) melanin content in dose-dependent manner. Cellular tyrosinase activity assay and western blot analysis of intracellular tyrosinase showed that thymol has a strong anti-melanogenic effect by inhibition of tyrosinase activity and by decreasing expression of tyrosinase that contribute to melanin synthesis in the B1610 cells. Conclusions : As the first functional study that prove anti-melanogenic effect of thymol and its underlying mechanism in the living cells, our study suggests the applicability of fragrance as the functional materials of cosmetics or health supplement, not as just an additive.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2005

Citrus essential oil (bergamot, grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, petigrain)이 B16 melanoma 세포에서 melanin 생성에 미치는 영향과 RBL 2H3 비만세포에서 ROS 생성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다 5 종류의 citrus essential oil은 DPPH 라디칼 소거와 세포 증식 및 독성에서 대조군에 비해 유의한 변화를 일으키질 않았다. 정제한 tyrosinase 활성에 있어서 mandarin과 petigrain essential oil은 유의하게 tyrosinase 활성을 억제하였으나 bergamot은 전혀 억제하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 mandarin과 petigrain essential oil이 tyrosinase 효소 억제 기전은 설명하지 못하지만 tyrosinase 효소에 직접적으로 작용하여 억제하는 것으로 보인다. B16 melanoma 세포에서 MSH에 의한 melanin 생성이 5 종류의 citrus essential oil에 의해 모두 농도 의존적으로 억제되었다. Bergamot essential oil은 tyrosinase 효소 활성을 직접적으로 억제하지는 못했지만 melanoma 세포에서 MSH에 의한 melanin 생성은 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 다른 4종류의 citrus essential oil도 모두 tyrosinase 효소 활성을 억제하였으며, MSH에 의한 melanin 생성도 억제하였다. 한편 DCF-DA를 이용한 ROS 생성에 있어서는 madarin essential oil은 ROS 생성에 이렇다 할 영향을 주지 않았지만 다른 4개의 essential oil (Bergamot, Grapefruit, Lemon, Petigrain)은 농도 의존적으로 ROS 생성을 증가시켰다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 citrus essential oil은 MSH에 의한 melanin 생성을 억제하는 것으로 보아 미백제로서의 개발 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2016

To investigate the effect of peanut sprout extract on skin care, we measured anti-oxidant activity and whitening action. As a result of measuring DPPH radical scavenging activity to examine independent anti-oxidation of peanut sprout extract, there was strongly scavenging activity. Fluorescent material DCF-DA was used to measure hydrogen peroxide created in RAW 264.7 cells, and all concentration dependently decreased ROS production. As a result of measuring nitric oxide to examine anti-inflammation of peanut sprout extract, there was strongly inhibited nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. Tyrosinase activation was found to inhibited dose-dependant. Melanin production was also prevented dose-dependant. Therefore, it is expected to be used effectively in development of functional cosmetic materials.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.123.3-124
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• 2003

To investigate the relationship between structure and biological activity of phenylpropanoids, we measured effects of phenylpropanoids on anti-oxidant and whitening activity. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, caffeic acid analogues had anti-oxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Although phenylpropanoids did not inhibit purified tyrosinase activity, they significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin production in MSH-stimulated B16 melanoma cells. (omitted)

• 생약학회지
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• 제33권2호통권129호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2002

Melanogenesis is a physiological process resulting in the synthesis of melanin pigments, which play a crucial protective role against skin photocarcinogenesis. The heart wood of Caesalpinia sappan L.(C. sappan) has long been commonly used in Oriental folk medicines to promote blood circulation, and as an emmenagogue, analgesic or anti-inflammatory agent as well as a remedy for thrombosis. From the heartwood, many constituents have been purified and among them, brazilin and hematoxylin are two of the most abundant. This present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of butanol extract from C. sappan on proliferation and melanogenesis in Melan-a cells. After 48 h treatment of these cells with various concentrations of butanol extract, the cells showed a dose-dependent inhibition in their proliferation without apoptotic cell death. Therefore, the growth retardation by the extract may be due to the cell arrest or cell differentiation. We also estimated total melanin content as a final product and activity of tyrosinase, a key enzyme, of melanogenesis in Melan-a cells. The melanin content and tyrosinase activity were deσeased in extract-treated cells in a dose dependent manner compared to control group. The butanol extract also resulted in a decrease of melanin content in ${\alpha}-melanocyte-stimulating$ hormone (MSH)-induced melanogenesis, indicating that butanol extract of C. sappan could be developed as skin whitening components of cosmetics.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2013

Objective: Recently the demands for the effective and safe depigmentative and anti-aging agents of the skin have increased due to the medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic reasons. The purpose of this study is to investigate the MKG(Methanol Extract of Kaempferia galanga) and their dermal bioactivity properties related to cosmeceuticals such as depigmentation. Methods: We assessed inhibitory effects of MKG on melanin production in B16/F10 melanoma cells, on mushroom tyrosinase activity, effects of MKG on the expression tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, GSK-$3{\beta}$, CREB, MITF in B16/F10 melanoma cells without cytotoxicity range. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and tyrosinase activity was assessed using by DOPA staining, western-blot analysis. We measured inhibition of melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity by down-regulation of melanogenic enzyme expressions in ${\alpha}$-MSH induced melanogenesis B16/F10 melanoma cells. Results: MKG inhibited tyrosinase-activity, total melanin contents and dendrite out-growth. MKG inhibited melanogenesis by down-regulation of tyorsinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, CREB, and MITF in B16/F10 cells. The treatment with MKG at the 12.5, $25{\mu}g/ml$ level significantly inhibited the melanin synthesis induced ${\alpha}$-MSH in B16/F10 melanoma cells compared with untreated control. Conclusion: These results suggest that MKG inhibit melanin biosynthesis which is involved in hyper-pigmentation. So MKG is considered to be used as a whitening components reducing cytotoxicity.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 Endlicheria anomala (Nees) Mez 메탄올 추출물(EAME)의 항산화, 항염증 및 미백 생리활성을 in vitro assay 및 cell culture model system을 이용하여 분석하였다. EAME의 항산화능을 분석한 결과 DPPH, $H_2O_2$로 유도한 ROS, LPS로 유도한 NO 등 다양한 산화적 스트레스원을 효과적으로 소거하였다. 대표적인 항산화 효소들로 천연물에 의한 항산화능 활성에 의해 주로 발현이 유도되는 세효소인 HO-1, TrxR1, NQO1 및 그 전사 인자인 Nrf2의 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 시료 처리 농도의 증가에 따라 세 효소 및 Nrf2의 발현이 유의적으로 증가됨을 보였다. 또한 EAME는 in vitro DOPA oxidation을 강하게 저해하여 tyrosinase inhibitor로서 작용할 가능성을 시사하였고 이에 B16F10 melanocyte를 이용하여 미백 효능을 분석한 결과 유의적인 melanin 생성억제능 및 tyrosinase 효소 활성 억제능을 보였으며 이는 tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 등 melanin 생성의 핵심 작용 효소들의 단백질 발현 저해를 통해 일어나는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 EAME가 높은 항산화능과 항염증 활성, 그리고 미백 활성을 보유함을 처음으로 밝혔으며 향후 기능성 식품 및 피부 미용 소재로서유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.1695-1700
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 한방 발효주 주박의 피부 생리 기능 활성을 알아보기 위해 주박 추출물 및 분획물을 준비하고 항산화, 미백 및 주름 개선 효과를 조사하였다. 그 중 한방 발효주 주박의 에틸아세테이트 분획물(KSD E4-3)이 가장 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타내었으며 이는 다양한 약재의 발효에 의한 효과로 사료된다. KSD E4-3은 tyrosinase 활성 억제 및 tyrosine을 기질로 melanin이 형성되는 pathway에 관여하는 주요한 인자인 TRP-1과 TRP-2를 저해하는 작용 기전을 통해 피부 색소침착의 주요 원인 물질인 melanin 생합성을 농도 의존적으로 저해하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 KSD E4-3은 피부의 keratinocyte가 생성, 분비하는 MMP-1, -2, -9의 발현을 억제하여 UV 조사에 의한 피부 광노화에 따른 피부 주름 생성을 억제할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 한방 발효주 주박에서 추출한 KSD E4-3은 피부 미백 및 주름 개선에 우수한 효과를 나타내고 있으므로 기능성 화장품의 주요한 소재로 이용 가치가 높을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2016

Background : The white jelly mushroom (Tremella fuciformis), one of the most popular edible fungi, has medicinal properties. However, the effects of T. fuciformis in skin whitening or anti-wrinkle efficacy has not been defined to date. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of T. fuciformis extracts on whitening and anti-wrinkle efficacy in skin cells. Methods and Results :We prepared T. fuciformis extracts with water. The extracts ($80^{\circ}C$) contained 12.11 mg/g polyphenol and 8.54 mg/g flavonoid concentration. T. fuciformis extracts markedly decreased melanin contents and tyrosinase activity in ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated melanocytes (B16F10 cells). In addition, the mRNA expression of melanin formation factors, such as microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2) were significantly down-regulated in ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated melanocyte. Furthermore, T. fuciformis extracts increased the synthesis of type I procollagen and reduced mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) in the human dermal fibroblast (HDFn cells). These data indicated that T. fuciformis extracts induce repression of cellular melanogenesis and protect against wrinkles caused by UVB-stimulated damage. Conclusions : Thus T. fuciformis extracts could be a cosmetic candidate for skin whitening and anti-wrinkle effects.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2018

Background: BIOGF1K, a compound-K-rich fraction, has been shown to display anti-inflammatory activity. Although Panax ginseng is widely used for the prevention of photoaging events induced by UVB irradiation, the effect of BIOGF1K on photoaging has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated the effects of BIOGF1K on UVB-induced photoaging events. Methods: We analyzed the ability of BIOGF1K to prevent UVB-induced apoptosis, enhance matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, upregulate anti-inflammatory activity, reduce sirtuin 1 expression, and melanin production using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, melanin content assay, tyrosinase assay, and flow cytometry. We also evaluated the effects of BIOGF1K on the activator protein-1 signaling pathway, which plays an important role in photoaging, by immunoblot analysis and luciferase reporter gene assays. Results: Treatment of UVB-irradiated NIH3T3 fibroblasts with BIOGF1K prevented UVB-induced cell death, inhibited apoptosis, suppressed morphological changes, reduced melanin secretion, restored the levels of type I procollagen and sirtuin 1, and prevented mRNA upregulation of MMP-1, MMP-2, and cyclo-oxygenase-2; these effects all occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, BIOGF1K markedly reduced activator-protein-1-mediated luciferase activity and decreased the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular response kinase, p38, and C-Jun N-terminal kinase). Conclusion: Our results strongly suggest that BIOGF1K has anti-photoaging activity and that BIOGF1K could be used in anti-aging cosmeceutical preparations.