• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.261-271
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• 2021

In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extract (ME) and hot water extracts (HE) from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum were investigated. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of 2.0 mg/mL ME (94.83%) was comparable to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (96.97%), the reference standard. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of ME and HE were similar to that of BHT at 2.0 mg/mL, whereas lipid peroxidation activity of the ME and HE were significantly lower than that of BHT. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the G. applanatum fruiting bodies contained nine phenolic compounds, which might contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The survival rate of RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with 2.0 mg/mL ME and HE were 65.23 to 68.12% at 2.0 mg/mL, thereby indicating that the extracts were slightly cytotoxic at the concentration tested. The extracts also inhibited the nitric oxide (NO)-mediated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The study results demonstrated that the fruiting bodies of G. applanatum possessed good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which might be used to develop novel anti-inflammatory agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.901-907
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea catechin o n free radical generation system and peroxidative damage in the liver of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Spragu-Dawley male rats weighing 150$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to one normal and three STZ-induced diabetic groups; diabetic groups were classified to catechin free diet(DM-oC group), 0.5% catechin diet(DM-0.5C group) and 1% catechin diet(DM-1C group) according to the levels of dietary catechin supplementation. Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous injection of 55mg/kg of body wt of STZ in citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after feeding of three experimental diet for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic states. Activities of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GPT) in DM-oC groups were higher than those of the normal group, and those in catechin supplementation group were similar to those of the normal group. Liver lipid peroxide values increased by 153%, 49%, and 27% in Dm-oC, DM-0.5C and DM-0C and Dm-1C but was not significantly different in catechin supplementation groups compared with the normal group, and liver cytochrome $P_{450}$ contents was similar to result of XOD activity. In electron microscopic examination of liver, lysosome was relatively scattered in Dm-oC and Dm-0.5C group and preserved normal shapes in DM-1C group. The present results indicate that STZ-induced diabetic rats are more sensitive to oxidative stress, leading to the acceleration of lipid peroxidation process, but this was reduced by anti-oxidative effect of high level of dietary catechin. It is concluded that dietary catechin serves as powerful antioxidant against lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats.

• The Journal of Traditional Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2006

To study on antioxidant effects in the liver of 40-week-old mouse, the sample were orally pretreated 5mg/kg/day for 5 days with red ginseng saponin components(total saponin, protopanaxadiol saponin, protopanaxatriol saponin, ginsenoside-Rd, ginsenoside-Re, compound-K) for 5 days. The ability of saponin to protect the mouse liver from oxidative damage was examined by determining the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and the contents of glutathione, the level of malondialdehyde, The only protopanaxadiol among the ginseng saponin fractions was significantly increased the hepatic SOD activity(p<0.01). The red ginseng saponin induced a slight increase of GPx activity, especially ginsenoside Rd, compound K and protopanaxatriol treatments significantly increased its activity. The content of glutathione was significantly increased by total saponin, protopanaxadiol and ginsenoside Rd(p<0.01), but the oxidized glutathione level was lowered in all the red ginseng saponin. Finally, the level of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased by ginsenoside Rd and protopanaxadiol. In conclusion, protopanaxadiol and ginsenoside Rd among the saponin fraction were especially increased in the activity of hepatic antioxidative enzyme and decreased the lipid peroxidation that was expressed in term of MDA formation. This comprehensive antioxidant effects of red ginseng saponin seems to be by a certain action of saponin other than a direct antioxidant action.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.729-736
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidative effects of pyruvate, taurine and melatonin on sperm characteristics(motility, membrane integrity) and lipid peroxidation(LPO) for in vitro storage of boar semen. Semen was treated with various antioxidants such as pyruvate(1mM), taurine(50mM) and melatonin(100nM) with or without 100uM H2O2. Antioxidant treatments were significantly increased the sperm motility when compare to control group in all incubation periods(P≤0.05). Hypoosmotic swelling test(HOST), membrane integrity was similar to the result of motility. In lipid peroxidation measurement by TBA reactions of spermatozoal plasma membrane, malondialdehyde(MDA) level in control and antioxidant treatments were lower than those of antioxidant plus H2O2 or H2O2 treatment for 3 to 6 h incubation period. Relationships of evaluation methods for sperm viability were investigated by motility, membrane integrity and lipid peroxidation. Among evaluation methods, LPO vs motility and membrane integrity vs LPO were negatively correlated(－0.23~－0.92 and －0.68~－0.85), but membrane integrity vs motility was positively correlated (0.53~0.94) in all treatments. These experiments indicate that supplementation of antioxidant to the semen extender can increase the sperm motility and membrane integrity and decrease the lipid peroxidation of spermatozoal plasma membrane. The HOST might be utilized to evaluate the sperm quality instead of lipid peroxidation or motility.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.51-58
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• 2015

Objectives : This paper aimed to verify the applicability of mixed extract ofAngelica gigasNakai,Cnidium officinaleMakino,Paeoniala ctifloraPall,Rechmannia glutinosaLibosch,Scutellaria baicalensisGeorgi, which were prescribed for improving inflammation in Donguibogam, as the materials for beauty food and functional medicinal herb cosmetics by manufacturing such mixed extract and evaluating the biological activity of the extract.Methods : The mixed medicinal herb water extract(MMW) and ethanol extract(MME) were freeze-dried to be used as the specimen. We performed electron donating ability, lipid acidification inhibitory activity, anti-inflammatory activity against skin flora, MTT assay, NO inhibitory activity and the protein expression inhibitory activity of iNOS and COX-2.Results : For anti-oxidation experimentation, the electron donating abilities of MMW and MME were above 60.0% and 90.0% at 500 μg/ml, respectively. In the inhibition rate of lipid peroxidation, MMW and MME showed 43.1% and 52.1% at 1,000 μg/ml, respectively. As a result of antimicrobial activity, both the MMW and MME showed significant clear zones forPropionibacterium acnesat 4 mg/disc, but did not indicated the clearzones forStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coliandStaphylococcus epidermidis. Anti-inflammatory activity by NO assay showed LPS-induced NO was significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins were significantly inhibited following treatment with MMW and MME of 50 μg/ml.Conclusions : Accordingly, it can be concluded that mixed medicinal herb extract has the potential to beused as a functional food and cosmetic material.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2009

The protective effects of Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) against oxidative stress in diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats using alloxan (150 mg/kg i.p). After the administration of PM fractions for two weeks the diabetic symptoms, nephropathy and renal antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. The results showed that the oral PM treatments reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. The PM fractions decreased kidney hypertrophy and diminished blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in diabetic rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker, was increased in diabetic animals, but was suppressed by the PM treatments. In addition, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and glutathione (GSH) level in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats were significantly decreased compared with those in the normal rats, but were restored by PM treatments. The PM fractions also suppressed the level of MDA in the kidney. In conclusion, the anti hyperglycemic and anti-nephropathy of P. macrocarpa may be correlated to the increased renal antioxidant enzyme activity in the kidney.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.406.1-406.1
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• 2002

The anti-oxidant activities of the various fractions from the herbs of Artemisia apiacea were investigated. The n- hexane and n-butanol fractions were found to cause significant free radical scavenging effects on DPPH. their scavenging potencies as indicated in $IC_{50}$ values. being 230.1 and 183.7 g/ml. respectively. The n-butanol fraction exhibited a significant decrease in serum transaminase activities elevated by hepatic damage induced by $CCl_{4}$-intoxication in rats. All fractions tested exhibited a lipid peroxidation causing a significant decrease in MDA production in TBA-reactant assay. (omitted)

• Toxicological Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.243-251
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• 2009

Present study was conducted to evaluate the anti oxidative activity of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves on non-lipid oxidative damage. The antioxidative activity of methanolic (MeOH) extract of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves on non-lipid oxidation, including liposome oxidation, deoxyribose oxidation, protein oxidation, chelating activity against metal ions, scavenging activity against hydrogen peroxide, scavenging activity against hydroxyl radical and 2'-deoxyguanosine (2'-dG) oxidation were investigated. The MeOH extract of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves exhibited high anti oxidative activity in the liposome model system. Deoxyribose peroxidation was inhibited by the MeOH extract of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves and MeOH extract of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves provided remarkable protection against damage to deoxyribose. Protective effect of MeOH extracts of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves on protein damage was observed at $600{\mu}g$ level (82.05%). The MeOH extracts of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves at $300{\mu}g$ revealed metal binding ability (32.64%) for hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the oxidation of 2'-deoxyguanosine (2'-dG) to 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-2'dG) was inhibited by MeOH extracts of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves and scavenging activity for hydroxyl radical exhibited a remarkable effect. From the results in the present study on biological model systems, we concluded that MeOH extract of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves was effective in the protection of non-lipids against various oxidative model systems.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 1996

To evaluate hepatoprotective effects of G009, an hepatoprotective agent which was extracted from the mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum IY009, we were, studied using $CCl_4$-and galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The ratio of liver weight to body weight, the value of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities, the change of a lipids in serum, and the inhibitory activity of malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in serum and liver homogenate were determined in rats. G009 was not significantly changed of the ratio of liver weight to body weight and the content of lipids in serum, but reduced the serum GOT and GPT values in $CCl_4$-and galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. Especially, protective effect of G009 on rat hepatic injuries induced by galactosamine was significantly appeared. $CCl_4$ increased markedly the formation of lipid peroxides in the liver homogenate, and serum. The increase of lipid peroxides by $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity was markedly reduced by the treatment with G009. These results suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of G009 may be correlated with its anti-lipid peroxidative activity, therefore, it may be potential agent for hepatic disease.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.46-59
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda (AY) has remarkable bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer activities. On the other hand, the effects of AY against obesity-induced insulin resistance have not been reported. Therefore, this study examined the potential of AY against obesity-associated insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: An obesity model was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice a 60% HFD for 16 weeks. The C57BL6/When ethyl acetate fraction from AY (EFAY) at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day was administered orally to mice fed a HFD for the last 4 weeks. Normal and control groups were administered water orally. The body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured every week. Dietary intake was measured every other day. After dissection, blood and tissues were collected from the mice. RESULTS: The administration of EFAY reduced body and organ weights significantly compared to HFD-fed control mice. The EFAY-administered groups also improved the serum lipid profile by decreasing the triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein compared to the control group. In addition, EFAY ameliorated the insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunctions, including the fasting blood glucose and serum insulin level, compared to the HFD-fed control mice. The EFAY inhibited lipid synthesis and insulin resistance by down-regulation of hepatic fatty acid synthase and up-regulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. EFAY also reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver, indicating that EFAY protected hepatic injury induced by obesity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that EFAY improved obesity-associated insulin resistance by regulating the lipid and glucose metabolism, suggesting that AY could be used as a functional food to prevent obesity and insulin resistance.