• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.206-214
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to investigate the quality characteristics of Yanggaeng by using the functional properties of Glechoma hederacea (GH). Sample was dried at $50^{\circ}C$ dry oven. The results of the study were as follows : The Phenolic compounds of GH was $12.99{\pm}0.3mg/g$ in water extract (GHWE), $3.14{\pm}0.07mg/g$ in 70% ethanol extract (GHEE). The antioxidant activity of GH was determined in various phenolic concentrations at $50-200{\mu}g/mL$. DPPH activities of GHWE and GHEE were 77.16-78.24% and 73.04-77.00%, respectively. The ABTS were 84.35-99.75% and 83.74-99.55%. The anti-oxidant protection factor (PF) were 1.54-1.62 PF and 1.62-2.09 PF and TBARS were 42.93-94.09% and 91.05-95.19%, respectively. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of GHEE increased concentration dependently. Hyaluronidase inhibition activity of GHEE and GHWE, showing that there were increasing pattern depending on the increases in the phenolics concentration of GH. In texture, Hardness and springiness were significantly different in the control and 2% groups, but cohesiveness and chewiness did not show any significant difference. In color, L value decreased in proportion to concentration, and a and b values did not change. Sensory characteristics showed that the 1% group had the highest score and the 2% group had the lowest score. Thus, when the GHP Yanggaeng was prepared, in consideration of its sensory characteristics, and at appropriate concentration on below 1%.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.163-186
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• 2000

We have previously screened 150 medicinal plants on the inhibition of elastase and found a significant inhibitory effects of the extracts of Areca catechu L. on the aging and inflammation against the skin tissues. To isolate and identify the compounds having biological activity, we was further purified by each of the solvent fractions, silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC and reversed-Phase HPLC. Peak in HPLC, which coincided with the inhibitory activity against elastase, was identified as Phenolic substance using various colorimetric methods, UV, and IR. $IC_{50}$/ values of phenolic substance purified from Areca catechu were 26.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and 60.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for human neutrophil elastase (HNE). This Phenolic substance showed more potent activity than those of reference compounds, oleanolic acid (76.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for PPE, 219.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for HNE) and ursolic acid (31.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for PPE, 118.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for HNE). According to the Lineweaver-Burk Plots, the inhibition against both PPE and HNE by this phenolic substance was competitive with substrate. Phenolic substance from Areca catechu exhibited high free radical scavenging effect ($SC_{50}$/ : 6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) and inhibited effectively hyaluronidase activity ($IC_{50}$/: 210 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$). These results suggest that the Phenolic substance Purified from Areca catechu showed anti-aging effect by protecting connective tissue proteins.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2013

Cultured products (callus and exopolysaccharide) were obtained from suspension culture of Aloe vera callus, and the extracts of callus were further prepared with cold water or 60% ethanol solution. The ethanol extract of callus (AC) and exopolysaccharide (ACP) of 10 mg/mL exhibited the relatively higher suppression activity of 43.2-52.1% against hyaluronidase activity. Thus, their anti-inflammatory effects were further investigated using animal cell (Raw 264.7) in vitro. Though AC shows a slight suppression effect of cell survival rate (97%) using MTT assay in the presence of $400{\mu}g/mL$ AC- dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), cell growth promotion was observed in the other samples of lower levels. It indicates that the ethanol extract of Aloe callus rarely affect cell survival rate in the ranges ($200-400{\mu}g/mL$) used in the study. Using Griess reagent, the suppression of NO production by the aloe callus extract was analyzed by measuring the amount of the nitrite produced in Raw 264.7 culture activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As a result, supplementation of AC-distilled water (DW) and AC-DMSO produced higher levels of NO than the positive control LPS. However, the NO suppression effect by ACP-DW was so intense that lower amount ($80-100{\mu}g/mL$) suppressed NO production to the level of the control. The effect was attributed to the expression of the iNOS. Then, Raw 264.7 cells were stimulated with the LPS and expression of COX-2 protein level was analyzed depending on the Aloe suspension culture product treatment. The results showed that the ACP-DW supplemented medium did not express COX-2 by itself, and LPS stimulated COX-2 expression was slightly decreased. On the other hand, realtime-PCR analysis of the expression of inflammatory cytokine showed that IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ expression was highly suppressed in the ACP- distilled water supplemented medium.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.234-241
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• 2013

The phenolic compounds of water extracts from Prunella vulgaris were highest at 9.25 mg/g, respectively, when various extraction solvents were used. The optimum condition for extracting phenolic compounds from Prunella vulgaris was extraction in water for 18hr. The DPPH-scavenging activities of Prunella vulgaris were highest at the water extracts. The ABTS radical cation decolorization was higher than 40% in the range of 0~100% ethanol extract section. The antioxidant protection factor on the lipophilic phenolic metabolites was shown to be 1.1 PF in the water extracts from Prunella vulgaris. The TBARS was lower than the control ($0.53{\mu}M$) in all the sections. The tyrosinase inhibitory effect, which is related to skin whitening, was above 40%, and for the anti-wrinkle effect, the elastase inhibition activity was above 40% at 0.2 mg/mL. The astringent effect of the Prunella vulgaris 40% ethanol extracts was 98.1% at 1 mg/mL. As a result, it can be concluded that Prunella vulgaris has the potential to be used as a cosmetic material.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.909-918
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• 2012

The phenolic compounds which were extracted with 70% ethanol from Ulmus pumila for 12 hr were the highest as $17.9{\pm}1.0\;mg/g$. DPPH scavenging activity of 70% ethanol extracts was also the highest as $89.5{\pm}1.9%$ and it was confirmed to be high as 80% over in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing $50{\mu}g/mL$ over phenolic concentration. ABTS radical cation decolorization activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts were higher as $96.8{\pm}2.9%$, antioxidant protection factor (PF) was 2.0 PF in 70% ethanol and showed higher activities in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentration as 2.5 PF than BHA. TBARs of 70% ethanol extracts was $86.5{\pm}4.6%$, it showed high anti-oxidative activity in $50{\sim}200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentrations of water and 70% ethanol extracts as 80% over. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts against hypertension was 77.4% and 90.6% in water and 70% ethanol extracts of $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentration. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts for anti-gout effect was not observed in water extracts, but it showed 30% inhibitory activity in 70% ethanol extracts, and 48.1% at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics concentration.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2015

The extracted phenolic compounds from Cornus kousa fruit for biological activities as functional resources were examined. The phenolic compounds which were extracted with water and 40% ethanol from Cornus kousa fruit were $7.04{\pm}0.27$ and $4.47{\pm}0.18mg/g$, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extracts were 84% and 86% at $50{\mu}g/mL$phenolics, respectively. The 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical decolorization activity of water and ethanol extracts were 84 and 95% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics, respectively. Antioxidant protection factor in water and ethanol extracts at $50{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics were 1.93 and 1.82 PF, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were 69% in water extracts and 89% in ethanol extracts at $150{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics. The inhibition activity on xanthine oxidase in water and ethanol extracts was 34 and 60%, respectively. The inhibition activity on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was 29% in water extracts and 87% in ethanol extracts. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was 19% in ethanol extracts. The collagenase inhibition activity of anti-wrinkle effect showed an excellent wrinkle improvement effect as 53% in water extracts and 77% in ethanol extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics. The hyaluronidase inhibition activity as antiinflammation effect of water extracts was confirmed to 34% of inhibition at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic. The results can be expected extracts from Cornus kousa fruit to use as functional resource for antioxidant, antigout, inhibitor of carbohydrate degradation, antiwrinkle activity and antiinflammation activity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2017

The phenolic contents which were extracted with water and 70% ethanol from O. undulatifolius were 7.7, 10.1 mg/g, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extracts were 78, 82% at $50{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics, respectively. The 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation decolorization activity were 92, 76% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics. Antioxidant protection factor in water and ethanol extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics were 1.51 and 2.08 PF, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were 84% in water extracts and 99% in ethanol extracts at $50{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics, respectively. The inhibition activity on ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$ was 44% in ethanol extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics. The inhibition activity on ${\alpha}-amylase$ was 37-88% in water extracts at $50-200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics. The tyrosinase inhibition activity as whitening effect were 82% in ethanol extracts. The elastase inhibition activity were 4, 61% in water and ethanol extracts, respectively. The collagenase inhibition activity of antiwrinkle effect showed an excellent wrinkle improvement effect as 39% in water extracts and 67% in ethanol extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics, respectively. The hyaluronidase inhibition activity as anti-inflammation effect of ethanol extracts was confirmed to 46% of inhibition at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic. The astringent effect of water and ethanol extracts was confirmed to 13, 32% of effect at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic, respectively.