• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2013

본 연구는 피부사상균 Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum에 대한 일본잎갈나무 정유의 항진균 활성을 평가하고, 항진균 유효성분을 구명하고자 하였다. 또한 일본잎갈나무 정유에 노출된 피부사상균의 균사를 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 일본잎갈나무 정유의 항진균 효과를 균사의 형태학적 변화를 통하여 밝히고자 하였다. 일본잎갈나무 정유의 주성분은 (-)-bornyl acetate였으며, MIC는 모든 균에 대해 125 ppm을 나타냈다. 한천희석법을 통한 항진균 활성 평가에서는 모든 균에 대해 500 ppm 이상에서 100%의 활성, 100 ppm의 낮은 농도에서도 50% 이상의 활성을 나타냈다. SEM과 TEM을 통해 균사를 관찰한 결과, 일본잎갈나무 정유에 노출된 E. floccosum은 정상세포와 다른 균사 형태가 관찰되었다. 팡이실 모양의 격막을 갖고 있는 곧고 매끈한 표면의 정상세포와는 달리, 처리구에서는 균사 표면에 주름이 있었으며 균사가 터지거나 접히고 부풀어 오른 것, 세포소기관과 세포벽이 붕괴된 것도 관찰되었다. 분획을 통해 일본잎갈나무 정유의 항진균 유효성분을 확인한 결과, (-)-${\tau}$-muurolol, (+)-terpinen-4-ol, ${\alpha}$-terpineol, ${\alpha}$-cadinol 등의 terpene alcohol 화합물이었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.842-850
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• 2023

피롤니트린, 피롤로마이신, 피오루테오린 등은 미생물 유래의 다양한 항균활성을 갖는 기능성 할로겐화 페닐피롤 유도체들이다. 그 중에서 피롤니트린은 Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia cepacia, Serratia plymuthica 등에서 L-트립토판으로부터 4단계 반응을 거쳐 만들어내는 이차대사산물이다. 현재 표재성 피부 사상진균 감염의 치료용으로 사용되며, 토양유래 및 엽면 진균감염에 높은 길항작용을 하며, 인체에 무해하여 산업적 응용가치가 높다. 한편 피롤니트린은 빛에 의해 잘 분해되기 때문에 야외에서 광범위하게 사용하는데 어려움이 있다. 그 대안으로 구조적으로 유사하고 광 안정성이 우수한 합성으로 생산되는 비침습성 표면 살균제인 플루디옥소닐이 개발되어, 주로 식물의 종자 및 엽면 처리용으로 광범위하게 사용되고 있다. 그러나, 수생생물에 높은 독성을 야기하며, 인간 세포주에서 잠재적인 내분비 교란물질로 작용할 수 있는 위험요인이 있어 각국에서 잔류허용 기준량을 설정하여 관리하고 있다. 한편, 천연 피롤로마이신, 피오루테오린과 같은 화합물이 미생물에서 분리, 확인되었으며, 각각. 그람양성균에 대한 항생/항생물막 활성, 식물 병원 난균류 Pythium ultimum에 높은 항균활성을 갖는다. 본 총설은 여러 기능성 할로겐화 페닐피롤 유도체 중 세균 유래의 피롤니트린의 생합성에 관한 특징과 생산, 합성 플루디옥소닐의 특징, 그 외 천연 페닐피롤 유도체들의 특징등을 요약하였다. 우리는 다양한 천연 HPD의 미생물에 의한 생산과 화학합성법에 의한 다양한 합성 HPD의 개발을 통해 인간과 환경에서 높은 치료 효능과 안전성을 제공하는 새로운 HPD의 개발을 기대한다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2002

Anti-fungal potential of 5 plant extracts viz., Eucalyptus citriodora, Allium sativum, Cassia sophera, Chromolaena odorata and Datura metel on the growth of mulberry brown leaf spot pathogen Myrothecium roridum were examined. Except fur the aqueous extract of Allium bulb, ethanolic leaf extract of all other plants more efficiently reduced the colony growth of the fungus on potato-dextrose-agar, Of which, Allium and Eucalyptus extracts were more effective. Initiation of radial growth of M. roridum on solid media was deferred maximum 6 days by ethanolic Eucalyptus extract and 4 days by aqueous Allium extract at $0.4 mg.ml^{-1}$. In the liquid media amended with Eucalyptus extract ($0.4 mg.ml^{-1}$) complete inhibition of sporulation was noticed upto 8 days, and initial inhibition of mycelial bio-mass generation was considerably diminished with time and reduction was 1.3 fold 14 days after application. While, complete inhibition of mycelial growth for 6-14 days was recorded with $\geq$0.1 mg.ml$^{-1}$ commercial eucalyptus oil. However, rejuvenation of growth appeared when fungus was re-inoculated in fresh media. Post-inoculate application of different doses Of Eucalyptus and Allium extracts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the disease severity in pot-ted mulberry. However, persistence of the effect up to 28 days was apparent at $\geq$ 1.0 mg.ml$^{-1}$ and effectively was on par with carbendazim (1 mg.ml$^{-1}$ ). Almost equal control ability of 1.0 mg.ml$^{-1}$ Eucalyptus extracts can be achieved by ca. 10 times lowered dose of commercial eucalyptus oil. It seems, the toxic principle of E. citrodora to M. roridum is fungistatic in nature and may have essential oil based origin.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2014

Background: Since December 2010, online computerized prospective drug utilization review (pDUR) has been implemented in Korea. pDUR involves the review of each prescription before the medication is dispensed to the individual patient. The pDUR is performed electronically by Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA), which is a Korean governmental agency, and then HIRA provides medical institutions and pharmacies with information that can be helpful to them in preventing potential drug problems such as drug/drug interactions or ingredient duplication. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the Korean pDUR implementation on the proportion of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) using claims data from HIRA. Methods: A before-after comparison of the prevalence of DDIs between prescription was conducted, using HIRA administrative claims data of medical institution from January 2010 to December 2011. The analysis unit was the prescription issued and pairs before and after. The main outcome measures were the proportion of DDIs within- (control group) or between- physician encounters. To examine the difference, a paired t-test was applied. Results: We found that DDIs proportion between prescription decreased significantly (t=3.04, p=0.0026) after the implementation of pDUR, whereas there is no significant reduction within prescription (t=1.15, p=0.2518). With respect to the prevalence of DDIs between drug groups, the most dramatic reduction was occurred between 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors and anti-fungal agents. Conclusion: It seems effective that giving a direct feedback to prescribers by a prospective DUR. Further research is needed to assess the impact of DUR to final outcomes such as hospitalization.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권spc1호
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• pp.145-165
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• 1996

Amaranth(Amaranthus spp. L.) and quinoa (Chenpodium quinoa Willd.) are old crops from South, Central America and Central Asia and their grains have been identified as very promising food crops because of their exceptional nutritive value. Squalene is an important ingredient in skin cosmetics and computer disc lubricants as well as bioactive materials such as inhibition of fungal and mammalian sterol biosynthesis, antitumor, anticancer, and immunomodulation. Amaranth has a component called squalene (2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,22-tetraco-sahexaene) about 1/300 of the seed and $5\~8\%$ of its seed oil. Oil and squalene content in amaranth seed were different for the species investigated. Squalene content in seed oil also increased by $15.5\%$ due to puffing and from 6.96 to $8.01\%$ by refining and bleaching. Saponin concentrations in quinoa seed ranged 0.01 to $5.6\%$. Saponins are located in the outer layers of quinoa grain. These layers include the perianth, pericarp, a seed coat layer, and a cuticle like structure. Oleanane-type triterpenes saponins are of great interest because of their diverse pharmacological properties, for instance, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, contraceptive, and cholesterol-lowering effects. It is known that quinoa contains a number of structurally diverse saponins including the aglycones, oleanolic acid, hederagenin, and phytolaccagenic acid, which are new potential in gredient for pharmacological properties. It is likely that these saponin levels will be considerably affected by genetic, agronomic and environmental factors as well as by processing. With the current enhanced public interest in health and nutrition amaranth and quinoa will most likely remain in the immediate future within the realm of exotic health foods until such time as agricultural production meets the quantities and qualify required by industrial food manufacturers.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2004

베타-케토아세트아닐라이드 염화물 유도체의 합성 및 이들 화합물의 대표적인 6종의 식물병원균에 대한 항균력을 조사하였다. Carousel Reaction Stations 장치를 이용하여 조합 합성 기법을 통하여 키틴 이합 체를 염소와 아닐린 유도체와 차례로 반응시켜 89종의 베타-케토아세트아닐라이드 클로라이드 유도체를 얻었다. 합성된 화합물 라이브러리의 항균력(in vivo)을 벼 도열병, 벼 잎집무늬마름병, 토마토 잿빛곰팡이병, 토마토 잎마름역병, 밀 붉은녹병, 보리 흰가루병 등의 주요 식물병에 대한 항균력 시험을 수행하였다. 일반적으로 페닐기의 4위치 (para) 치환체가 존재하는 화합물의 경우에 선택적으로 토마토 잎마름역병을 방제하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2017

Objective: Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena) is a perennial tropical legume that can be directly grazed or harvested and offered to ruminants as hay, silage, or fresh. However, Leucaena contain phenolic compounds, which are considered anti-nutritional factors as these may reduce intake, digestibility and thus animal performance. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine effects of Leucaena silage (LS) feeding levels on rumen microbial populations, N-balance and microbial protein synthesis in dairy steers. Methods: Four, rumen fistulated dairy steers with initial weight of $167{\pm}12kg$ were randomly assigned to receive dietary treatments according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Treatments were as followings: T1 = untreated rice straw (RS; Control), T2 = 70% RS+30% LS, T3 = 40% RS+60% LS, and T4 = 100% LS. Dairy steers were fed rice straw and LS ad libitum and supplemented with concentrate at 0.2% of body weight/d. Results: Results revealed that the rumen microbial population, especially cellulolytic, proteolytic bacteria and fungal zoospores were enhanced in steers that received 60% of LS (p<0.05), whereas the amylolytic bacteria population was not affected by treatments (p>0.05). Protozoal population was linearly decreased with increasing level of LS (p<0.05). Moreover, N-balance and microbial protein synthesis were enhanced by LS feeding (p<0.05) and were the highest in 60% LS group. Conclusion: Based on this study, it could be concluded that replacement of RS with 60% LS significantly improved microbial population and microbial protein synthesis in diary steers.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.287-290
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 석류에서 단세포성 곰팡이의 성장을 저해하는 항진균 물질을 탐색하고 새로운 천연 항생물질을 찾기 위한 목적으로 석류를 과피, 씨, 전체로 각각 분리하고 추출하여 항진균 활성을 조사하였다. 고흥에서 생산된 석류를 전체, 과피, 씨로 나누어 70% EtOH로 추출한 후 Candida albicans에 대한 항진균 활성을 측정한 결과, 항진균 활성이 액체배지에서 각각 비슷하게 나왔으며 고체배지에서는 석류 전체 추출물을 사용하였을 때 가장 잘 나타났다. 고체배지에서와 액체배지에서 공통적으로 석류 전체 및 과피 추출물의 chloroform, ethyl acetate 용매 추출물의 C. albicans의 항진균 활성도를 측정한 결과 ethyl acetate 추출물에서 모두 높은 활성도를 나타냈다. C. albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida lusitaniae에 대한 항진균 활성은 석류 전체 및 석류 과피의 ethyl acetate 용매 추출물에서 각각 36%, 25% 이상의 저해율을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 석류 내 존재하는 항진균 활성 물질은 ethyl acetate에 잘 녹는 지용성 물질인 것으로 추정된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2007

Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine), which comes from Cordyceps militaris, the Chinese medicinal fungal genus Cordyceps, is used in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer and chronic inflammation. We recently reported that cordycepin has a novel antiplatelet effect through the down regulation of $[Ca^{2+}]_{i}$ and the elevation of cGMP/cAMP production. In this study, we further investigated the effect of cordycepin on collagen-induced platelet aggregation in the presence of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG)- or cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-inhibitor. PKG inhibitor Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS potentiated the collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but PKA inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cAMPS did not. However, both Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS and Rp-8-Br-cAMPS reduced inhibition by cordycepin of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Moreover, cordycepin inhibited $Ca^{2+}-dependent$ phosphorylation of both 47 kDa- and 20 kDa-protein in the presence of both PKG inhibitor and PKA inhibitor. Taken altogether, these results suggest that the inhibitory effect of cordycepin on collagen-induced platelet aggregation is associated with cGMP/PKG- and cAMP/PKA-pathways, and thus cordycepin may be an efficacious intervention against platelet aggregation-mediated thrombotic disease.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.336-339
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• 2009

5킬로그램의 4년령의 중성화된 수컷 시츄견이 식욕부진과 만성 기침을 주증상으로 내원하였다. 이 환견은 병력청취, 신체검사, 임상병리검사, 방사선 진단, 심초음파 검사 및 기관지경 검사를 근거로 기관기관지 이물로 진단되었다. 그 이물은 밥알 부스러기들로 확인되었고 기관지경을 이용한 세기관지 세척 후 진공 흡인을 통해 제거되었다. 진공 흡인으로 채취된 세척 이물의 세균 및 곰팡이 배양과 폐 기생충에 대한 검사는 음성을 보였다. 환견은 진단 후 7일 동안 테오필린, 프레드니솔론, 독시사이클린, 엔로플록사신, 아세틸시스테인, 실리마린, 수크랄페이트를 처방 받았다. 이물제거와 약물치료 후 식욕의 증진과 기침 증상은 완전히 없어졌다. 이 증례 보고는 기관지경 기술을 통해 호흡기의 이물의 진단평가와 제거가 가능함을 보여준다.