• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2001

The influence of Rhodiola extract on tissue antioxidant status, plasma lipid levels, cholesterol contents of liver and fores were investigated in rats find oxidized linoleic acid. Groups of five-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats fed ad libitum with a diet containing 20% oxidized linoleic acid with or without 300 mg/kg body weight freeze-dried Rhodiola water extract. The antioxidant effect of dietary Rhodiola extract supplementation on the peroxidation potential of rats was investigated. The microsomal thiobarbiruric acid reactive substance (TBARS) contents were changed significantly by Rhodiola extract supplementation. Hepatic Catalase activities were increased in Rhodiola supplemented rats, whereas hepatic Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) or Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase (CuZnSOD) were not elevated. In addition, plasma cholesterol lowering effect was observed along with the stimulated excretion of cholesterol through the feces were observed with Rhodiola feeding. Supplementation with Rhodiola extract did not alter high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. These results support that Rhodiola extract may be effective in protection against oxidative stress, and prevention and treatment of blood dyslipidemia. It demonstntes that Rhodiola extract has a potential to exert anti-atherogenic properties antioxidative capacities .

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2005

Opuntia ficus-indica, commonly known as prickly pear cactus, is commercially grown as a food and medicinal plant in Jeju Island, Korea. The crushed pads and fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica were dried in a freeze-dryer and ground into flour to be used for food materials. The major components of proximate compositions were part of a nitrogen free extract. The major minerals were Ca (4391.2-2086.9㎎%), K (1932.1-2608.7㎎%), and Mg (800.6-1984.8㎎%). The major amino acid was glutamic acid, comprising 16.3% of total amino acids in fruit and 25.2% in pad. Dihydroflavonols were identified as (+)-trans-dihydrokaempferol and (+)-trans-dihydroquercetin. Citric acid methyl esters extracted from fruits showed inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidase-B. The presence of trimethyl citrate has been reported in other plants, but 1,3-dimethyl citrate and 1-monomethyl citrate have not been previously reported. The results of pharmacological efficacy tests, including serum biochemical and hematological parameters, autonomic nervous system, anti-inflammatory, analgestic activity, anti-diabetic activity, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase activity, hyperlipidemia, the respiratory system, antigastic, and anti-ulcerative actions indicate that the fruit and pad of the Opuntia ficus-indica are rich sources of food and medicinal materials.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.228-234
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• 2021

Hwangryunhaedoktang is one of the prescriptions used in traditional medicine for skin diseases. In this study, Hwangryunhaedoktang-Gamibang (HG) was fermented with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, a probiotic lactic acid bacterium, to evaluate its potential as a functional cosmetic composition. Strains with anti-inflammatory activity were selected by isolating lactic acid bacteria from kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food. HG was inoculated with lactic acid bacteria and the viability was measured. The supernatant was obtained by centrifugation of fermented Hwangryunhaedoktang-Gamibang (HGF) and HG, and the filtered supernatant was freeze-dried and used in the experiment. By measuring DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity, it was confirmed that the antioxidant activity was increased. RAW264.7 cells were inoculated with HG and HGF to confirm anti-inflammatory activity through NO assay, and production levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were measured through ELISA assay. It was confirmed that HGF had a greater decrease in production than HG. Through lactobacilli fermentation, the beneficial probiotic properties and antioxidant and pro-inflammatory activities of lactic acid bacteria suggest potential clinical or technical applications.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2011

Various herbal medicinal extracts were examined for the development of cosmetic products with anti-oxidative and anti-wrinkle activity. First, total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities of herbal medicinal extracts were measured. Most herbal samples, except for DW extracts of Portulaca oleracea, Caesalpinia sappan, Taraxacum platycarpum, Carthamus tinctorius, and 70% EtOH extracts of Taraxacum platycarpum and Carthamus tinctorius, showed DPPH radical scavenging activity over 80% at a concentration of $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. SOD-like antioxidant activity of DW extracts of Syzygium aromaticum, DW extracts of Eriobtrya japonica and 70% EtOH extracts of Sophora japonica was measured as 40%, 35% and 80%, respectively at a dry matter concentration of $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In elastase inhibition assay, DW extracts of Lycium chinense ($50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and 70% EtOH extracts of Areca catechu ($50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) showed 50% and 40% of inhibition, respectively. At a concentration of $1.250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, DW extracts of Lycium chinense and 70% EtOH extracts of Areca catechu showed 10% and 30% of collagenase inhibition, respectively. Skin and lotion samples were prepared using the two herbal extracts of high anti-wrinkle activity: Lycium chinense extract and Areca catechu extract. The storage stability of skin and lotion containing each of the selected herbal extracts was evaluated. pH and viscosity were used as stability indicators for the stability test under different storage temperatures and freeze-thaw cycle conditions. The skin and lotion containing each of DW extract of Lycium chinense and 70% EtOH extract of Areca catechu was showed high pH and viscosity stability. The skin and lotion containing DW extracts of Lycium chinense showed relatively higher stability than the skin and lotion containing 70% EtOH extract of Areca catechu, at cycle chamber and freeze-thaw conditions. In summary, these results indicated that cosmetics containing DW extract of Lycium chinense were relatively stable, and this herbal extract could be used as a stable functional cosmetic material.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.236-251
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• 2015

Objectives: To investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-histamine activities of 20 herbal medicines to test their efficacy in common cold treatment. Methods: For all experiments, the herbal medicines were extracted with 80% ethanol and freeze-dried. To determine the anti-oxidative properties, we tested DPPH-free radical-scavenging activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. To determine anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential, we investigated acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and writhing test in ICR mice. For anti-pyretic activities, an LPS-induced pyrexia study was conducted in rabbits. To evaluate the anti-histamine activity, we examined compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis in ICR mice and the release of β-hexosaminidase on rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. Results: Ephedrae herba, Forsythiae fructus, Cinnamomi ramulus, and Cimicifugae rhizome showed potent free-radical scavenging activities. Gentianae macrophyllae radix inhibited acetic acid-induced vascular permeability. Schizonepetae spica and Cimicifugae rhizome inhibited acetic acid. Cinnamomi ramulus and Angelicae decursivae radix inhibited LPS-induced pyrexia. Angeliace dahuricae radix and Asari radix inhibited compound 48/80. Scutellariae radix, Cinnamomi ramulus, Ephedrae herba, and Zingiberis rhizoma crudus potently inhibited the release of β-hexosaminidase. Conclusions: We examined the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-histamine activities of 20 herbal medicines;We examined the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-histamine activities of 20 herbal medicines Codonopsis pilosulae radix, Zingiberis rhizoma crudus, and Cinnamomi ramulus showed novel efficacy. These results suggest that some of herbal medicines may be very effective in treating common cold.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.215-219
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• 2016

The total polyphenol and physiological activities of Pleurotus ostreatus 30% fermented ethanol using different drying methods and extraction periods were investigated. Based on the observed polyphenol content and physiological activity, freeze-drying showed better results than hot air-drying method for P. ostreatus extracted with 30% fermented ethanol for more than 15 days. The total phenolic compound content of 'Gosol' following thefreeze-drying method for 15 days showed the highest value of $0.49{\pm}0.02mg/mL$. Freeze-drying with extraction for 30 days for ASI 2344 showed the highest antioxidant activity based on the DPPH radical scavenging rate of $35.50{\pm}3.29%$. Freeze-drying 'Gosol' for 30 days resulted inthe highest anti-inflammatory and nitrite scavenging activity of $48.40{\pm}3.38%$. Our results showed that P. ostreatus is a functional food.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 1995.06b
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• pp.27-53
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• 1995

In plant pathology there is an increasing necessity for improved cytological techniques as basis for the localization of cellular substances within the dynamic fine structure of the host-(plant)-pathogen-interaction. Low temperature (LT) preparation techniques (shock freezing, freeze substitution, LT embedding) are now successfully applied in plant pathology. They are regarded as important tools to stabilize the dynamic plant-pathogen-interaction as it exists under physiological conditions. - The main advantage of LT techniques versus conventional chemical fixation is seen in the maintenance of the hydration shell of molecules and macromolecular structures. This results in an improved fine structural preservation and in a superior retention of the antigenicity of proteins. - A well defined ultrastructure of small, fungal organisms and large biological samples such as plant material and as well as the plant-pathogen (fungus) infection sites are presented. The mesophyll tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana is characterized by homogeneously structured cytoplasm closely attached to the cell wall. From analyses of the compatible interaction between Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei on barley (Hordeum vulgare), various steps in the infection sequence can be identified. Infection sites of powdery mildew on primary leaves of barley are analysed with regard to the fine structural preservation of the haustoria. The presentation s focussed on the ultrastructure of the extrahaustorial matrix and the extrahaustorial membrane. - The integration of improved cellular preservation with a molecular analysis of the infected host cell is achieved by the application of secondary probing techniques, i.e. immunocytochemistry. Recent data on the characterization of freeze substituted powdery mildew and urst infected plant tissue by immunogold methodology are described with special emphasis on the localization of THRGP-like (threonine-hydrxyproline-rich glycoprotein) epitopes. Infection sites of powdery mildew on barley, stem rust as well as leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) on primary leaves of wheat were probed with a polyclonal antiserum to maize THRGP. Cross-reactivity with the anti-THRGP antiserum was observed over the extrahaustorial matrix of the both compatible and incompatible plant-pathogen interactions. The highly localized accumulation of THRGP-like epitopes at the extrahaustorial host-pathogen interface suggests the involvement of structural, interfacial proteins during the infection of monocotyledonous plants by obligate, biotrophic fungi.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2006

Milk protein-gum conjugates were prepared by Maillard reaction and added to dough to investigate the possibile use of them as anti-staling agents in bread Four different types of conjugates were added to dough, i.e., $casein-\kappa-carrageenan$ (CK), casein-sodium alginate (CA), $whey-\kappa-carrgeenan$(WK) and whey-sodium alginate (WA). Their addition to flour increased the gelatinization temperature, water absorption and development time of the dough. Extensogram showed the increased resistance to extension of the doughs resulting from the addition of the conjugates. Moisture content of the breads decreased during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. The breads added with conjugates had lower extents of the decreases than non-treated degrees and maintained higher moisture content than non-treated bread after 3 freeze-thaw cycles. The storage degrees at $5^{\circ}C$ for 4 days affected the increased bread hardness, but, addition of WA conjugate decreased extents of the increases. Therefore, milk protein-gum conjugates, especially WA conjugate, contributed to retarding staling of breads

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.51-58
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• 2015

Objectives : This paper aimed to verify the applicability of mixed extract ofAngelica gigasNakai,Cnidium officinaleMakino,Paeoniala ctifloraPall,Rechmannia glutinosaLibosch,Scutellaria baicalensisGeorgi, which were prescribed for improving inflammation in Donguibogam, as the materials for beauty food and functional medicinal herb cosmetics by manufacturing such mixed extract and evaluating the biological activity of the extract.Methods : The mixed medicinal herb water extract(MMW) and ethanol extract(MME) were freeze-dried to be used as the specimen. We performed electron donating ability, lipid acidification inhibitory activity, anti-inflammatory activity against skin flora, MTT assay, NO inhibitory activity and the protein expression inhibitory activity of iNOS and COX-2.Results : For anti-oxidation experimentation, the electron donating abilities of MMW and MME were above 60.0% and 90.0% at 500 μg/ml, respectively. In the inhibition rate of lipid peroxidation, MMW and MME showed 43.1% and 52.1% at 1,000 μg/ml, respectively. As a result of antimicrobial activity, both the MMW and MME showed significant clear zones forPropionibacterium acnesat 4 mg/disc, but did not indicated the clearzones forStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coliandStaphylococcus epidermidis. Anti-inflammatory activity by NO assay showed LPS-induced NO was significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins were significantly inhibited following treatment with MMW and MME of 50 μg/ml.Conclusions : Accordingly, it can be concluded that mixed medicinal herb extract has the potential to beused as a functional food and cosmetic material.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.326-331
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• 1997

To construct a competitive ELISA standard curve for the detection of glucose-6-phosphate debydrogenase (G6PD), we used highly purified native G6PD (nG6PD) as both immobilized and soluble antigens and anti-G6PD serum raised against nG6PD as antibody. The polystyrene cuvettes coated with nG6PD were challenged with a mixture of a limiting amount of anti-G6PD serum and various doses of nG6PD as competitors followed by incubation with alkaline phosphatase-anti-IgG conjugate. The competitive ELISA did not exhibit the typical sigmoidal dose-response curve characteristic of competition immunoassays under the optimal concentrations of antigen and antibody. The soluble nG6PD used as competitor failed to effectively inhibit the binding of antibodies to the immobilized nG6PD. The addition of NADP, a cofactor of G6PD enzyme, to coating buffer used for immobilizing nG6PD to the cuvettes and PBS-Tween-BSA buffer for diluting competitors did not improve the inhibition of antibody binding to immobilized nG6PD by soluble n/G6PD. The addition of BSA to coating buffer did not increase inhibition, either. Surprisingly, when partially active G6PD (paG6PD), obtained by repeated freeze-thawing, was used as competitor, the antibody binding to either immobilized nG6PD or immobilized paG6PD was inhibited 49-58%. We conclude that an effective competitive ELISA system with nG6PD enzyme and anti-G6PD serum for the detection of G6PD may not be established due to the poor inhibition of antibody binding to immobilized nG6PD by soluble nG6PD under the present assay conditions and that the inhibition may be improved by using an inactivated enzyme as competitor regardless of the type of immobilized antigen used. These results imply that the immobilized nG6PD may undergo denaturation upon binding to the polystyrene cuvettes and that our anti-G6PD serum may recognize denatured enzyme better than active enzyme.