• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2015

In the present study, the substance that show anti-proliferation of cancer cells as well as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect was searched. As a results, the methanol extract of Pogostemon cablin (P. cablin), is a well-known herb for traditional medicine in Korea and China for treating the digestive disorders, less of appetite, vomiting and diarrhea, inhibited the growth of various cancer cells such as A549, HepG2, MCF7 and HT29 cells. Cytotoxic effect of methanol extraction of P. cablin was excellent in A549 cells. P. cablin extract induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase of A549 in a dose dependent manner. And it induced phosphorylation of p38 and Cdc25A and reduced expression of Cdc25A, Cdks, Cyclins and phospho-Retinoblastoma (Rb) proteins. Therefore, P. cablin extract seems to act through the p38 - Cdc25A - Cdk - Cyclin - Rb pathway in A549 cells. In addition, P. cablin extract showed anti-oxidant effect by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and anti-inflammation effect by inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that P. cablin may be used as not only candidate materials for anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant, moreover, it would be possible utilized in various health functional food materials.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2016

Oroxylum indicum has long been used in Asian traditional medicine to prevent and treat respiratory diseases, diabetes, diarrhea and other conditions. Oroxylin A is a flavone that is present in Oroxylum indicum and in Scutellaria baicalensis. Because the root extracts of both plants have been shown to have anti-allergic effects, the authors investigated whether oroxylin A is likely to have beneficial effects on allergic asthma using female Balb/c mice and rat RBL-2H3 mast cells. Antigen-induced degranulation was measured in vitro by measuring b-hexosaminidase activity. A murine ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model was used to test the in vivo efficacy of oroxylin A. Sensitization and challenge of ovalbumin induced allergic asthma responses, the accumulations of eosinophils and Th2 cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues. Oroxylin A administration decreased numbers of inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils, and reduced the expression and secretion of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-13, in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histologic studies showed oroxylin A reduced inflammatory signs and mucin production in lungs. These findings provide evidence that oroxylin A has potential use as an anti-allergic therapeutic.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2020

The fruit, leaves, and roots of Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cough, diarrhea, and itching. However, the anti-fatigue effects of E. multiflora fruit (EMF) extract have not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of EMF on fatigue and exercise performance in BALB/c mice. EMF was orally administered to mice at four doses (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. The anti-fatigue activity was evaluated by determining the exhaustive swimming time. Blood lactate and glucose levels and serum lactate levels after a 10 min swimming time, as well as ammonia, creatine kinase (CK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glycogen contents after exhaustive swimming time were measured. The exhaustive swimming time of the EMF 200 group was significantly increased (p <0.01). The EMF groups showed significantly low levels of CK, BUN, LDH, and lactate compared with the control group (p <0.05). Increased liver glycogen was observed in the EMF 200 group (p <0.05). These results suggest that EMF can be utilized as an efficacious natural resource for its anti-fatigue effects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2021

Scutellaria baicalensis has been used as a traditional medicine for diarrhea, dysentery, hypertension, hemorrhaging, insomnia, inflammation, and respiratory infections. This study examined the anti-inflammatory effect of Scutellaria baicalensis water extract (SWE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of SWE, RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with LPS to induce the production of inflammation-related factors, which were measured by western blotting. In RAW 264.7 cells, SWE inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) without causing cell toxicity. SWE also reduced the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor-α). The phosphorylation levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family members, such as JNK and p38, were also reduced by SWE. Thus, SWE could be used as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1217-1223
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was conducted to assess clinical practices related to the evaluation and treatment of patients with acute gastrointestinal infection(AGI) in infants and children. This survey also evaluated the current opinion regarding the use of rotavirus vaccine. Methods : This survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire provided to 82 pediatricians in private clinics of Jeonbuk province. From April to June, 2002, 63 of 82 pediatricians(76.8 %) responded to the survey. Results : The annual proportion of patients with AGI was 13%. The highest proportion of patients with diarrhea were reported for the months of October through December. For the treatment of diarrhea, pediatricians preferred to prescribe lactobacillus products, oral rehydration solution, enzyme products, anti-emetics, anti-diarrheal formula, nothing by mouth(NPO) and bowel movement inhibitors in descending order of frequency. Most pediatricians(79.4%) prescribed antibiotics in less than 20% of patients with AGI. Amoxicillin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotics followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(TMP/SMX) and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Clinical manifestations that pediatricians considered as important factors in prescribing antibiotics were bloody diarrhea, mucoid diarrhea, high fever, persisting disease and abdominal pain. Diagnostic procedures that pediatricians preferred for AGI patients were stool examination(rotavirus antigen, RBC, WBC), abdominal X-ray, and serum electrolytes. Pediatricians had a strong interest in rotavirus vaccine(71.4%). Conclusion : Acute gastrointestinal illness remains a common problem, especially during the winter months in Korea. AGI manifesting as watery diarrhea is appropriately treated with commonly available agents but pediatricians appear ready to consider additional approaches to decrease the sizable disease burden of AGI among children in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

We are aim to evaluate antimicrobial effects of the extract of Galla rhois (GR) on the health status and performance of growing and finishing pigs. This study was conducted on the growing and finishing pigs (n = 200) for 130 days in a swine husbandry. The animals were divided with two groups; GR treated group (n = 100) and commercial diet feeding group (n = 100). GR treated animals had provided with commercial diet adding the extract of GR as 0.2%. During the study period, we compared clinical signs, weight increase rate, diet consumption amount, fecal scores, gross findings, necropsy findings, histopathological findings between the treated group and non treated group. After necropsy, bacteria isolation and PCR analysis were conducted with the clinical samples. As the results of this long-term clinical trial, GR showed the antimicrobial effects on respiratory disease and diarrhea. We were identified that GR had the anti-bacterial and anti-viral effects.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.575-581
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• 1995

Both immunoelectron microscopy(IEM) and immunogold conjugate immunoelectron microscopy (IGC-IEM) techniques were developed for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV) from the feces. Fecal samples were incubated sequentially with anti-PEDV monoclonal antibody(MoAb) and immunogold conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG+IgM. Then negatively stained, mounted on the formvar carbon-coated copper EM grids and observed by the transmission electron microscope. By the direct electron microscopy(DEM), coronavirus particles were observed from 17 cases of total 33 fecal samples of grower pigs and sows. The virons of coronavirus were moderately pleomorphic but mostly spherical, with a diameter ranged from 90 to 190nm. PED virus particles were identified from 15 cases of 17 DEM positive samples by the IEM and IGC-IEM techniques. Aggregates of PED virus coated with specific antibody were seen in fecal samples incubated with homologous anti-PED virus MoAb but not in control samples incubated with anti-TGE virus MoAb. Following incubation with immunogold-conjugated secondary antibody, the gold granules were usually distributed around and among the virus particles and soluble and viral particle-associated antigen. So, IEM and IGC-IEM techniques were proved a rapid and sensitive methods for detection and identification of PED virus from fecal and intestinal contents.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.634-643
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• 2024

Juglans mandshurica Maxim. walnut (JMW) is well-known for the treatment of dermatosis, cancer, gastritis, diarrhea, and leukorrhea in Korea. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its antiobesity activity remains unknown. In the current study, we aimed to determine whether JMW can influence adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet rats and determine the antioxidant activity. The 20% ethanol extract of JMW (JMWE) had a total polyphenol content of 133.33 ± 2.60 mg GAE/g. Considering the antioxidant capacity, the ABTS and DPPH values of 200 ㎍/ml of JMWE were 95.69 ± 0.94 and 79.38 ± 1.55%, respectively. To assess the anti-obesity activity of JMWE, we analyzed the cell viability, fat accumulation, and adipogenesis-related factors, including CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). We found that total lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels were reduced, and the fat accumulation rate decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, JMWE suppressed adipogenesis-related factors C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBP1c, as well as FAS and ACC, both related to lipogenesis. Moreover, animal experiments revealed that JMWE could be employed to prevent and treat obesity-related diseases. Hence, JMWE could be developed as a healthy functional food and further explored as an anti-obesity drug.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.227-232
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• 1985

Gardenia jasminodes has been medically used for anti-inflammation, sedation and anti-diarrhea; The extract of this plant has been traditionally used as food colorant and referred as crocin dyes. In the present study, the possible hepatic toxicity of this dye has been evaluated on the basis of its alteration on the marker enzymes, namely, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Crocin dyes did not affect hepatic function when they were orally administered to rats in a daily dose of 50 mg/kg for 8 days, but could induce acute hepatic discoloration. A high dose of 100 mg/kg for 2 weeks could induce both hepatic damage and black pigmentation, but a lower dose of 10 mg/kg for 40 days did not The induced black pigmentation and the acute hepatic damage were completely reversible. In conclusion, the crocin dyes have a very low hepatic toxicity in rats, even in high experimental dosages which could hardly happen in human practice. It is therefore suggested that the crocin dyes are safe for coloring foods.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 1990

For the purpose of examing on the efficancy of the Boolwhangumjeonggisan and on the effect of the Boolwhangumjeonggisan, dropsy animals given water boil ding abstraction exgis power. What made an experiment, the motility of isolate ileume, anticathartic action, the action of gastric juice, tied pylous ulcer and inhibited vomitting. 1. Boolwhangumjeonggisan displayed great suppresion effect in regard to automatic movement of the motility of isolated of mice and displayed anti-acethylcholine action, antibarium chloride action. Thus, the origin of muscle relaxation for internal smooth muscle is admitted. 2. It displayed great rexation effect in regard to fraction of rat's stomach and displayed contentional effect in regard to a cetylcholine and barium chloride. 3. It decreased rat of barium sulfate transport through the small intestine of mice. 4. It recognized anti-cathartic action, rat suffered from leading diarrhea by caster oil. 5. Total activity, pepsin secretion decreased and increased the pH of stomach in Shay's method. 6. It recognized powerful prevention effect on tied pylous ulcer. 7. It inhibited vomitting by administration of CuSo4 in frog.