• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.85-91
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• 2008

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of Wen-Pi-Tang-Hab-Wu-Ling-San (WHW) extract in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced type-1 diabetic rats. Methods : Experimental diabetes were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Two groups of STZ-induced diabetic rats were given the following treatments for 2 weeks by oral Administrations : (1) WHW 10 mg/kg, (2) WHW 100 mg/kg. In addition, vehicle-treated diabetic and nondiabetic controls were used in the experiment. The effects of WHW extract on STZ-induced diabetes were observed by measuring the changes of body weights and the levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine level in sera of rats, respectively. Results : In comparison control group, WHW-treated groups (100 mg/kg) were significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, WHW-treated groups (100 mg/kg) were reduced s-creatinie levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In addition, the changes related to diabetic nephropathy with body weight were significantly lower in WHW extract-dosing groups than in the diabetic control. Conclusions : The study thus showed that WHW extract enhanced the anti-diabetic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats by improving the hypoglycemia. It also increased pancreatic insulin content in these rats.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.349-353
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• 2008

Anti-diabetic effect was observed with Thespesia lampas Dalz & Gibs (Family: Malvaceae) when given as a root extract in normal as well as alloxan induced diabetic rats. The effects, however, were more pronounced in diabetic animals in which administration of plant extract for 15 days after alloxan induced diabetes, significantly reduced blood glucose levels. After alloxan induced diabetes it was observed that both standard drug (glibenclamide) and aqueous extract of Thespesia lampas were significantly superior to control in reducing blood sugar on long term treatment (15 days). The aqueous extract of T. lampas (300 and 600 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose levels from $349.2{\pm}7.2$ to $120.7{\pm}4.6$ and $346.3{\pm}3.4$ to $101.8{\pm}6.3$, respectively. The data suggested that T. lampas could be of beneficial in diabetes mellitus in controlling blood sugar. The present investigation established pharmacological evidence to support the folklore claim as an anti-diabetic.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Objectives : The Present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Anti-diabetic prescription 1(AD-1) on streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy. Methods : AD-1 consists of eleven herbs that have an effect on diabetes mellitus. AD-1 was given to rats with the combination of oral administration and herbal-acupuncture stimulation. The experimental animals were divided into 3 groups : normal group of rats, control group of STZ-induced diabetic rats, sample group with AD-1 treatment. Experimental diabetes was induced by the injection of STZ(60mg/kg) to e rat via the peritoneum. The effect of AD-1 on STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy was observed by measuring the serum level of creatinine and BUN. Urine secretion of albumin for 24 hours and urine level of glucose measures too. Anti-oxidative stress of AD-1 administration in living body was estimated by measuring lipid peroxide and GSH content in cortex of kidneys. Results : STZ induced increase of serum creatinine, BUN and albumin secretion were lowered by AD-1 treatment. Conclusion : The AD-1 treatment showed protective effect on rat diabetic nephropathy model, and action mechanism of the effect was thought to be concerned with anti-oxidative stress.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3 s.67
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• pp.77-87
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• 2006

Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effects of Samgijiwhang-Tang(SJT) on streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy. Methods: SIT was given to rats through oral administration. The experimental animals were divided into a normal group of rats, a control group of STZ-induced diabetic rats, and a sample group with SIT administration. Rehmanniae Radix Preparat is combined in the original prescription of SIT, but in this experiment, Rehmanniae Radix was combined instead of Rehmanniae Radix Preparat to compare the effects of anti-diabetic nephropathy. Experimental diabetic nephropathy was induced by the injection of STZ(60mg/kg) in the rat via the peritoneum. The effect of SIT on STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy was observed by measuring the serum level of creatinine and BUN, in addition to urine secretion of albumin for 24 hours and the level of glucose found in the urine. Anti-oxidative stress of SIT administration in a living body was estimated by measuring lipid peroxide and GSH content in the cortex of kidneys. Results: STZ induced an increase of serum creatinine, urine glucose and renal cortical lipid peroxidation was lowered by Rehmanniae Radix Preparat combined SIT administration. Conclusions: The SIT treatment showed a protective effect on the rat diabetic nephropathy model, and action mechanism of the effect was thought to be concerned with anti-oxidative stress.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2009

The protective effects of Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) against oxidative stress in diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats using alloxan (150 mg/kg i.p). After the administration of PM fractions for two weeks the diabetic symptoms, nephropathy and renal antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. The results showed that the oral PM treatments reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. The PM fractions decreased kidney hypertrophy and diminished blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in diabetic rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker, was increased in diabetic animals, but was suppressed by the PM treatments. In addition, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and glutathione (GSH) level in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats were significantly decreased compared with those in the normal rats, but were restored by PM treatments. The PM fractions also suppressed the level of MDA in the kidney. In conclusion, the anti hyperglycemic and anti-nephropathy of P. macrocarpa may be correlated to the increased renal antioxidant enzyme activity in the kidney.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 1987

The anti-diabetic effects of the methanol extracts of Cortex, Ramulus and Folium part of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were investigated by the experimental diabetic model in rats. The increased blood glucose level in the diabetic rats induced by alloxan and streptozotocin was significantly lowered and a marked increase in body weight was shown with the treatments of the extracts of Cortex and Folium. The blood insulin level lowered by streptozotocin pretreatment was significantly recovered with the treatment of the extract of Folium. In glucose tolerance test, the extracts of Cortex and Folium displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the glucose level. The extracts of Cortex and Folium also caused a marked inhibition in increased blood pressure in the diabetic rats induced by alloxan.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.54-64
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• 2013

The study examined the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of rutin from the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Results revealed that the levels of plasma glucose and serum glucose were remarkably higher in the STZ-treated group compared to other groups and were significantly reduced in the STZ+rutin treated group compared to the STZ-treated group. In terms of weight, it significantly increased in all experimental groups during the experiment period except for STZ-induced diabetic group. The weight of the STZ-treated group was remarkably reduced compared to other groups. Regarding the weight of each body organ, the STZ-treated group showed higher organ weight compared to the other groups while STZ+rutin-treated group showed significantly reduced kidney and liver weights compared to those of STZ-treated group. In the pancreas tissue of the STZ-treated group, ${\beta}$-cell destruction and vacuolization were observed. Inflammation in the heart, liver, kidney, and retina tissues were also vividly recorded. In the STZ+rutin administered group, the heart and retina tissues were shown to be preserved normally while the liver and kidney tissues showed reduced histopathology in general compared to the STZ-treated group. Conclusionally, the rutin has the effect on the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammation in the STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2000

We investigated anti-diabetic effect of the crude extracts and lectin purified from the leaves of Viscum album collected in Mt. Duk Yu. The induction of diabetes mellitus was confirmed by the presence of statistically significant greater serum glucose levels in strptozotocin-treated rats compared with the untreated non-diabetic group. There are no significant differences in the serum glucose levels compared extracts and purified lectin to tap water in the non-diabetic group after administration through the oral cavity in 29 day. But for streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats the serum glucose level in extracts after administration through the oral cavity was strikely decreased to 36% than tap water in 29 day. Significantly lower glucose level was obtained at 2 hr and 4 hr after administration of purified lectin(0.4 mg/kg) through the peritoneal cavity. These results provide an evidence that Viscum album lectin has an andti-diabetic effect pharmacologically.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.53-60
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• 2013

Objectives : To prove the channel-tropism theory in herbology, we investigated the anti-diabetic effect of six herbal plants used for lower wasting-thirst in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by consecutive injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg i.p.) for 5 days. The rats were divided into normal control, diabetic control, and diabetic treatment with Lycii Radicis Cortex (LRC, 300 mg/kg); Corni Fructus (CF, 300 mg/kg); Bombyx Batryticatus (BB, 50 mg/kg); Lycii Fructus (LF, 300 mg/kg); Phellodendri Cortex (PC, 300 mg/kg); Epimedii Herba (EH, 300 mg/kg); and glibenclimide (10 mg/kg) as a reference drug. Herbal extracts or reference drug were administered orally for 28 days. The changes of body weight, food intake and water intake, and serological markers such as blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) were measured. Results : The decrease of body weight and the increase of food and water intake in STZ-induced diabetic rats was improved by the administration of CF and LF. Also, the enhancement of blood glucose and serum total cholesterol, TG, BUN and Cr in STZ-induced diabetic rats was significantly inhibited by the administration of CF, BB, LF and glibenclimide. On the other hand, EH strongly inhibited the increase of BUN and Cr in the sera of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Conclusions : These results suggest that among six herbal medicines used lower emaciation of emaciation-thirst disease, CF, BB, LF and EH show a characteristics including the channel-tropism theory.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.581-593
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• 2016

The advantages of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been well established. However, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-diabetic action of MUFAs remain unclear. This study examined the anti-hyperglycemic effect and explored the molecular mechanisms involved in the actions of fish oil- rich in MUFAs that had been acquired from hybrid catfish (Pangasius larnaudii${\times}$Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) among experimental type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetic rats that were fed with fish oil (500 and 1,000 mg/kg BW) for 12 weeks significantly reduced the fasting plasma glucose levels without increasing the plasma insulin levels. The diminishing levels of plasma lipids and the muscle triglyceride accumulation as well as the plasma leptin levels were identified in T2DM rats, which had been administrated with fish oil. Notably, the plasma adiponectin levels increased among these rats. The fish oil supplementation also improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and pancreatic histological changes. Moreover, the supplementation of fish oil improved insulin signaling ($p-Akt^{Ser473}$ and p-PKC-${\zeta}/{\lambda}^{Thr410/403}$), $p-AMPK^{Thr172}$ and membrane GLUT4 protein expressions, whereas the protein expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$ and nuclear NF-${\kappa}B$) as well as p-PKC-${\theta}^{Thr538}$ were down regulated in the skeletal muscle. These data indicate that the effects of fish oil-rich in MUFAs in these T2DM rats were partly due to the attenuation of insulin resistance and an improvement in the adipokine imbalance. The mechanisms of the anti-hyperglycemic effect are involved in the improvement of insulin signaling, AMPK activation, GLUT4 translocation and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine protein expressions.