• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1061-1066
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• 2003

The fruit of Actinidia polygama (AP) has long been used as a folk medicine in Korea for treating pain, rheumatic arthritis and inflammation. The present investigation was carried out to determine the in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of AP using several animal models of inflammation. The 70% ethanol extract of the fruit of AP significantly inhibited acetic acidinduced, vascular permeability in a dose dependent manner (23%, 38%, and 41 % inhibition at doses of 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, respectively). This effect was maintained in AP water-soluble fraction (APW). The APW fraction also showed significant inhibitory activity against the rat paw edema induced by a single treatment of carrageenan. In vitro experiments were performed to demonstrate the inhibitory activities of APW (100 $\mu$ g/ml) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production. The results showed that APW dose-dependently suppressed LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages without a notable cytotoxic effect and also decreased inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein expression. APW also showed a significant inhibitory effect in LPS-induced $PGE_2$ production and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.141-145
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• 2004

The cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of Sanguisorbae officinalis L., which is known as a major tannin source, were investigated to check the possible use of natural nutraceutics or cosmetics. The S. officinalis inhibited cancer cell growth in a dose-dependant manner. Also, the clear zone against various bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli were evident at 0.5 and 1 mg/disc. When the concentrations were 500 and 1,000 ppm, growth of all aerobic bacteria increased at early stage but decrease afterward. The results indicated that S. officinalis had the anti-skin cancer activity as well as antibacterial activity against skin-related bacteria.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6073-6076
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• 2012

Discovery of anticancer drugs that kill or disable tumor cells in the presence of normal cells without undue toxicity is a potential challenge for therapeutic care. Several papers in the literature have emphasized the potential implications of marine products such as seaweeds which exhibit antitumor activity. Study attempts to screen the antitumor effect of Sargassum sp, against chosen cell lines such as MCF-7 (Breast cancer) and Hep-2 (Liver Cancer). Ethanol extract of Sargassum sp. was concentrated using a Soxhlet apparatus and dissolved in DMSO. In vitro cytotoxic activity of Sargassum sp at various concentrations ($100{\mu}g/ml-300{\mu}g/ml$) screened for antitumor effect against the chosen cell lines using MTT assay (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a yellow tetrazole). The study documented that the percentage of cell viability has been reduced with increased concentration, as evidenced by cell death. Sargassum sp extract shows potential cytotoxic activity ($P{\leq}0.05$) with $IC_{50}$ of $200{\mu}g/ml$ and $250{\mu}g/ml$ against Hep-2 and MCF-7 cell lines respectively. The ethanol fraction of Sargassum sp induced cell shrinkage, cell membrane blebbing and formation of apoptotic bodies with evidence of bioactive components as profound influencing factors for anti-tumor effects. Further research need to be explored for the successful application of Sargassum sp as a potent therapeutic tool against cancer.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.802-810
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• 2005

The tetrahydroisoquinolines included potent cytotoxic agents that showed antitumor activity,antimicrobial activity, and other biological properties. We studied the effect of CDST, 1-Chloromethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-sulfonic acid amide, a newly synthesized anti-cancer agent. The cytotoxic activity of CDST in HL-60 cells was increased in a dose-dependent manner. CDST, tetrahydroisoquinolines derivative, was cytotoxic to HL-60 cells, with IC50 of $80{\mu}g/ml$. Treatment of CDST to HL-60 cells showed the fragmentation of DNA in a dose- and time dependent manner, suggesting that thesecells underwent apoptosis. Treatment of HL-60 cells with CDST was induced in a dose- and time-dependent activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. In caspase activity assay, caspase-3 and -8 was activated after 12 h and 6 h posttreatment, respectively. CDST also caused the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol. CDST-induced cytochrome c release was mediated by caspase-8-dependent cleavage of Bid and Bax translocation. These results suggest that caspase-8 induced Bid cleavage and Bax translocation, caused mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and induce caspase-3 activationduring CDST-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2004

Background: As a potent antigen presenting cell and a powerful inducer of antigen specific immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) are being considered as a promising anti-tumor therapeutic module. The expected therapeutic effect of DCs in renal cell carcinoma was tested in the mouse model. Established late-stage tumor therapeutic (E-T) and minimal residual disease (MRD) model was considered in the in vivo experiments. Methods: Syngeneic renal cell carcinoma cells (RENCA) were inoculated either subcutaneously (E-T) or intravenously (MRD) into the Balb/c mouse. Tumor cell lysate pulsed-DCs were injected twice in two weeks. Intraperitoneal DC injection was started 3 week (E-T model) or one day (MRD model) after tumor cell inoculation. Two weeks after the final DC injection, the tumor growth and the systemic immunity were observed. Therapeutic DCs were cultured from the bone marrow myeloid lineage cells with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days and pulsed with RENCA cell lysate for 18 hrs. Results: Compared to the saline treated group, tumor growth (E-T model) or formation (MRD model) was suppressed in pulsed-DC treated group. RENCA specific lymphocyte proliferation was observed in the RENCA tumor-bearing mice treated with pulsed-DCs. Primary cytotoxic T cell activity against RENCA cells was increased in pulsed-DC treated group. Conclusion: The data suggest the possible anti-tumor effect of cultured DCs in established or minimal residual disease/metastasis state of renal cell carcinoma. Systemic tumor specific immunity including cytotoxic T cell activity was modulated also in pulsed-DC treated group.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.39-55
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• 2012

Objectives : Recently there have been encouraging results, from a western perspective, in the cancer research field regarding the anticancer effects of herbal medicine. This paper was aimed to review herbal medicine playing its anticancer role in terms of apoptosis, inflammation control, differentiation and telomerase. Methods : New studies for tang, medicinal herb itself or effective ingradients of medicinal herb showing anti-cancer effectiveness were reviewed and summarized in terms of pharmacological action. Results : Ethanol extracts of $Spatholobus$ $suberectus$ greatly inhibited cancer cell growth inducing cell apoptosis and cytotoxic effects. $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ may be responsible for its anticancer activity showing inhibition of $PGE_2$ synthesis via suppression of COX-2 expression. Saikosaponins isolated from $Bupleurum$ induced the differentiation of C6 glioma cells, cancer cells, into astrocytes, normal cells. Acetone extract of $Bupleurum$ $scorzonerifolium$ inhibited proliferation of human lung cancer cells via inducing apoptosis and suppressing telomerase activity. Conclusions : Herbal medicine inhibited cancer cell growth inducing cell apoptosis and cytotoxic effects. Inflammation persisting for a decade eventually elevates the risk of cancer sufficiently that it is discernible in case control epidemiological studies. Differentiation therapy is defined as a therapy to treat cancers by inducing differentiation of the stem cells. Telomerase expression is a hallmark of cancer. Nearly the complete spectrum of human tumors has been shown to be telomerase positive.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.12-20
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• 1998

Primary neuronal culture was studied for observing effect of ginsenoside Rgl (Rgl) on serum-free medium induced apoptosis. Results showed that Rgl at concentration of 1 umol$.$ L-1 and 10 umol$.$L-1 could inhibit apoptosis, decrease intracellular calcium concentration in cultured cortical neurons, enhance SOD activity in both aged rat cortex and cultured cortical neurons, scavenge cytotoxic oxygen free radicals, decrease NO content and NOS activity in aged rat cortex and cultured cortical neurons, increase bel-2 gene expression in rat brain. These results provided new data for elucidating the anti-aging effect of Rgi. Rgl is considered to be a useful drug for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and brain aging.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.5-11
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• 2015

Objective : The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor activity of the complexed herbal formula, Haeamdan (HAD). Methods : Seven Cancer cell lines, LoVo, MCF-7, AGS, Sarcoma 180, HL-60, NCI-H69, LL/2, were prepared and the cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-dephenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. HAD was applied with various concentrations from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/ml to figure out the appropriate dosage. ICR male mice were intraperitoneally implanted with Sarcoma 180 and divided into 8 species for each group. Control group was treated with normal saline, positive control group was treated with cyclophosphamide 8mg/kg, and experimental group was treated with HAD 1g/kg. Results : Among seven cancer cell lines, HAD exhibited strong cytotoxic activities to followed four cancer cell lines, that is, Sarcoma 180, HL-60, NCI-H69, and LL/2. These cytotoxic activity was expressed under 0.50 mg/ml of IC50 under 0.1~1mg/ml of OBW. When Sarcoma 180 cancer cell was implanted in ICR male mice and treated with the HAD, HAD prolonged the median overall survival for 3.6 days, from 17.5 to 21.1 days. Conclusion : HAD showed strong cytotoxicity to the cancer cells, Sarcoma 180, HL-60, NCI-H69, on in vitro study and it showed anti-tumor activity in vivo with the peritoneal cancer mice by prolonging the median survival for 3.6 days. Further researches would be expected to support the anti-tumor efficacy of HAD.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.403-409
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• 2013

This study has assessed the anti-oxidative activities and cytotoxic effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon ethanol extract and measured the effects of tyrosinase inhibition activities with a goal of estimating the usage of the medicinal plant as an ingredient of cosmetics. First, to perform a basic test on the extract, pH and UV-spectrum were measured. According to the measurement, the extract had control functions at pH 5.5, and maximum absorbance occurred at 530nm. In particular, DPPH (1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl)-inhibiting activity (IC50) and polyphenol content were 149.81 ${\mu}g/mL$ and $51.28{\pm}2.52$ mg/mL respectively. In addition, as extract concentration increased, tyrosinase inhibition activities improved as well. In raw 264.7 cell-based MTT assay, cell survival rates were 98% at 1000 ppm and 153% at 100 ppm. Therefore, it's been confirmed that there is almost no cytotoxin. According to the test results above, it appears that the Lithospermum erythrorhizon ethanol extract would be effective in anti-oxidation and application as a cosmetic ingredient.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8419-8423
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• 2016

Purpose: Anti-cancer activity evaluation of aqueous extract of CRUEL (herbomineral formulation) capsules on renal cell carcinoma cell lines, and exploration of mechanisms of cell death. Materials and Methods: To detect the cytotoxic dose concentration in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells, MTT assays were performed and morphological changes after treatment were observed by inverted microscopy. Drug effects against RCC cell lines were assessed with reference to cell cycle distribution (flow cytometry), anti-metastatic potential (wound healing assay) and autophagy(RT-PCR). Results: CRUEL showed anti-proliferative effects against RCC tumor cell lines with an IC50 value of ${\approx}4mg/mL$ in vitro., while inducing cell cycle arrest at S-phase of cell cycle and inhibiting wound healing. LC3 was found to be up-regulated after drug treatment in RT-PCR resulting in an autophagy mode of cell death. Conclusions: This study provides the experimental validation for antitumor activity of CRUEL.