• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.503-511
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and clinical efficacy of a sample (A.C.C. extracts) obtained by distillation extraction of 14 herbal medicines including Phellodendron bark. To confirm this, the amount of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the cells in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the changes in the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were determined. The results showed that A.C.C. extracts strongly inhibited the production of NO and inflammatory cytokines increased by LPS without cytotoxicity. In addition, A.C.C. extracts showed strong bacterial reduction rates of 99.9% in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. These findings indicate that A.C.C. extracts are effective ingredients with a strong antimicrobial effect together with an anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, when A.C.C. extracts were applied to infants and toddlers who were suffering from diaper rash, itching, and perspiration symptoms, symptoms of rash, atopy, rash, itching, and heat rash were improved. After the lapse of time, it was visually confirmed that it was considerably relaxed. These findings confirm that A.C.C. extracts comprise a clinically effective anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial agent that alleviates symptoms such as diaper rash and fever and may therefore be an effective alternative to inflammatory diseases.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.33
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• pp.5-17
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• 2012

An Ola leaf manuscript, which consists of words carved on an Ola leaf and is filled up with a mixture of herbal oils made from Vateria acuminata Hyne and charcoal, is one of the native writing media in Sri Lanka. According to historical records, Ola leaf manuscripts had been used from the 1st to the 18th century A.D. From the recent findings that Ola leaf manuscripts have been preserved well for the past 400 years and are in good state of preservation, it is supposed that herbal oils preserve Ola leaves against environmental and biological factors such as fungi and insects. To evaluate the anti-biological susceptibility of the herbal oils, the molds isolated from wooden printing blocks in Janggyeong Panjeon of Haeinsa Temple in South Korea and bacteria and fungi isolated from Ola leaves were cultured. After spreading the microorganisms suspension on an agar plate, a disk paper containing a certain volume of herbal oil was placed on the agar plate. It was found in the experiment that herbal oil exhibits a clear zone, which is optically clear and inhibits the growth of microorganisms, against some molds and bacteria. The study results indicate that the herbal oil from the plant Vateria acuminata Hyne has the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.571-582
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• 2016

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) is one of most important diseases in Cucurbitaceae due to infection of Acidovorax citrulli, causing huge economic losses damage worldwide. This seedborn disease spread rapidly at period of high temperature and humidity. The eco-friendly farming is getting popular. So far there was no effective agent to control BFB in eco-friendly farming. Therefore, effect of the material based on chinese nut-gall extract with antibacterial activity against BFB to was tested against A. citrulli. Different hosts showed various symptoms of BFB. Liquid formulation among exhibited most effective anti-bacterial activity on A. citrulli. Pot experiment in greenhouse showed the potential as an control agent of BFB in cucurbits. The treatment of material based on chinese nut-gall extract showed the positive effect on survival of the watermelon seedling and on the length of the cucumber seedling treated with A. citrulli. We cautiously conclude that the material based on chinese nut-gall extract used in this study may be good agents against major diseases of cucurbits in the future even though it is require to be tested with more study on field test.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.123-135
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• 2023

Previously, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida YJR13 and Pseudomonas putida YJR92 from a sequential screening procedure were proven to effectively control Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici. In this study, we further investigated the anti-oomycete activities of these strains against mycelial growth, zoospore germination, and germ tube elongation of P. capsici. We also investigated root colonization ability of the bacterial strains in square dishes, including cell motility (swimming and swarming motilities) and biofilm formation. Both strains significantly inhibited mycelial growth in liquid and solid V8 juice media and M9 minimal media, zoospore germination, and germ tube elongation compared with Bacillus vallismortis EXTN-1 (positive biocontrol strain), Sphingomonas aquatilis KU408 (negative biocontrol strain), and MgSO₄ solution (untreated control). In diluted (nutrient-deficient) V₈ juice broth, the tested strain populations were maintained at >10⁸ cells/ml, simultaneously providing mycelial inhibitory activity. Additionally, these strains colonized pepper roots at a 10⁶ cells/ml concentration for 7 days. The root colonization of the strains was supported by strong swimming and swarming activities, biofilm formation, and chemotactic activity towards exudate components (amino acids, organic acids, and sugars) of pepper roots. Collectively, these results suggest that strains YJR13 and YJR92 can effectively suppress Phytophthora blight of pepper through direct anti-oomycete activities against mycelial growth, zoospore germination and germ tube elongation. Bacterial colonization of pepper roots may be mediated by cell motility and biofilm formation together with chemotaxis to root exudates.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 2008

Crocin is one of the major components of gardenia fruit and saffron which are widely used as natural food colorants and as traditional Chinese medicines. However, the genotoxicity data on crocin are not sufficient for safety evaluation. The purpose of this study was the examination of the genotoxicity on crocin from gardenia yellow in bacterial and mammalian cells, using various genotoxic battery testing assays and the influence of crocin on methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and ${H_2}{O_2}$-induced DNA damage in vitro, using single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. From results, no considerable mutagenicity and clastogenicity were seen in bacteria and mammalian cells treated with crocin, by Ames test, chromosomal aberration assay, ${tk}^{+/-}$ gene forward mutation assay and comet assay. And, post-treatment with crocin significantly suppressed ${H_2}{O_2}$-induced DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the findings of the present study and other previous observations indicate that crocin has no genotoxic potential. And it showed that crocin clearly repressed the genotoxic potency of ${H_2}{O_2}$. These results suggest that anti-oxidative effects of crocin may be involved in the protective effects of DNA damage.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.323-334
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• 2015

This study was conducted to develop environment-friendly agricultural products with anti-microbial activity against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli as a pathogen of bacterial fruit blotch in cucurbit. Schlechtendalia chinensis was extracted by MeOH and solvent fraction. The hexane fraction, which showed highest value of anti-microbial activity, was analyzed by GC-MS. Each mass spectra, corresponding to each peak of chromatogram, was compared to MS database of Wiley library. As a result, myristic acid, palmitic acid and 3-n-pentadecylphenol were identified as maine compounds showing antimicrobial activity against A. avenae subsp. citrulli. Bioassay using commercial myristic acid, palmitic acid and 3-n-pentadecylphenol to test for the anti-microbial activity conformed the anti-microbial activity of potential active compounds, and myristic acid and 3-n-pentadecylphenol showed strong activity. In conclusion, myristic acid and 3-n-pentadecylphenol identified from S. chinensis were anti-microbial chemicals.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2022

Many bone diseases such as osteolysis, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis are caused by gram-negative bacterial infection, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial product, plays an essential role in this process. Drugs that inhibit LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis are urgently needed to prevent bone destruction in infective bone diseases. Marein, a major bioactive compound of Coreopsis tinctoria, possesses anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-diabetic effects. In this study, we measured the effect of marein on RAW264.7 cells by CCK-8 assay and used TRAP staining to determine osteoclastogenesis. The levels of osteoclast-related genes and NF-κB-related proteins were then analyzed by western blot, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Our results showed that marein inhibited LPS-induced osteoclast formation by osteoclast precursor RAW264.7 cells. The effect of marein was related to its inhibitory function on expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclast-related genes containing RANK, TRAF6, MMP-9, CK, and CAII. Additionally, marein leads to markedly inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway activation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Concurrently, when the NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited, osteoclast formation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were decreased. Collectively, marein could inhibit LPS-induced osteoclast formation in RAW264.7 cells via regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our data demonstrate that marein might be a potential drug for bacteria-induced bone destruction disease. Our findings provide new insights into LPS-induced bone disease.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.669-676
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• 2019

Zanthoxylum piperitum D.C. (ZP) peels has been used as a natural spice and herb medicine for hypertension reduction, for strokes, and for its anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activity. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms employed by ZP have yet to be completely understood. In this study, we elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ZP in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. We evaluated the effects of ZP in LPS-induced levels of inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), and caspase-1 using ELISA. The expression levels of inflammatory-related genes, including cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were assayed by Western blot analysis. We elucidated the effect of ZP on nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation by means of a luciferase activity assay. The findings of this study demonstrated that ZP inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokine and PGE₂ and inhibited the increased levels of COX-2 and iNOS caused by LPS. Additionally, we showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of ZP arises by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and caspase-1 in LPS- induced RAW264.7 cells. These results provide novel insights into the pharmacological actions of ZP as a potential candidate for development of new drugs to treat inflammatory diseases.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.456-461
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• 2011

The aim of the present study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of a Rice Bran Ethanol Extract (RBE). Inflammation, such as a bacterial infection in vivo metabolites, such as external stimuli or internal stimuli to the defense mechanisms of the biological tissue a variety of intracellular regulatory factors deulin inflammatory TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8, such as proinflammatory cytokines, prostagrandin, lysosomal enzyme, free radicals are involved in a variety of mediators. The present study was designed to determine the effect of the RBE on pro-inflammatory factors such as NO, iNOS expression and TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages cells. The cell toxicity was determined by MTS assay. To evaluate of anti-inflammatory effect of RBE, amount of NO was measured using the NO detection kit and the iNOS expression was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). And proinflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA kit. As a result, the RBE reduced NO, iNOS expression and TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 production without cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that the RBE may have an anti-inflammatory property through suppressing inflammatory mediator productions and appears to be useful as an anti-inflammatory material.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.183-184
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• 2003

Sophoricoside was isolated as the inhibitor of IL-5 bioactivity from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae). It has been reported to have an anti-inflammatory effect on rat paw edema model. To develop as an anti-allergic drug, genotoxicity of sophoricoside was investigated in bacterial and mammalian cell system such as Ames bacterial test, chromosomal aberration assay, Comet assay and MOLY assay. In Ames test, sophoricoside of 5000 ∼ 313 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate concentrations was not shown significant mutagenic effect in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 strains. The cytotoxicity (IC$\_$50/ and IC$\_$20/) of sophoricoside was determined above the concentration of 5000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cell and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line. At concentrations of 5000, 2500 and 1250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, this compound was not induced chromosomal aberration in CHL fibroblast cell in the absence and presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. Also in comet assay, DNA damage was not observed in L5178Y cell line. Also in MOLY assay, sophoricoside of 5000 ∼ 313 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml concentrations was not shown significant mutagenic effect in absence of S-9 metabolic activation system. However, the higher concentration of 5000 and 2500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of sophoricoside induced the increased mutation frequency (MF) in the presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. From these results, no genotoxic effects of sophoricoside observed in bacterial systems whereas, genotoxic effects observed in mammalian cell systems in the presence of metabolic activation system. These results suggested that the metabolite(s) of sophoricoside can cause some genotoxic effects in mammalian cells.