• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare characteristics of two groups (pruritus and non pruritus group), in hemodialysis patients. Method: The degree of ichting in 130 patients treated at the D Medical Center Hemodialysis Unit was examined by itching severity & sites tool, itching observation tool and itching NRS tool. The data were collected from October 1 to 12, 2007 and analyzed by student t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Result: Sixty three patients (48.3%) of hemodialysis patients had pruritus. The severity and number rating scale score of pruritus in one day before hemodialysis was higher than during and after hemodialysis. The frequency of dialysis and usage of anti-histamine drug were significantly lower in nonpruritis group than in pruritus group (F=5.209, p=.022, F=6.549, p=.010). The other general characteristics, hemodialysis-related characteristics and laboratory data were not significantly different between the two groups. The depression score was significantly higher in pruritus than in nonpruritus group (t=-2.505, p=.017). But there were no significant differences in hostility and anxiety between the two groups. Conclusion: Residual renal function and depression were associated with pruritus in hemodialysis patients. Efforts for preservation of residual renal function and emotional support may decreased severity and frequency of pruritus in hemodialysis patients.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2006

Objectives : Since prostitution is multitraumatic phenomena, it is known that most women in prostitution have symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental illness. In Korea, new anti-prostitution law launched in the year of 2004 imposes protecting prostituted victims at government-supported shelter. The objective of this study was to compare the mental symptoms, especially PTSD features of women who escaped from prostitution with those of control subjects. Methods : We assessed 113 ex-prostituted women who live in shelter for 8 months on the average and 65 normal control subjects. Demographic data, questionnaire for sleep, physical illness, smoking, alcohol and drug use, Stress Response Inventory, Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were used. Results : Ex-prostituted women had significantly higher scores of DTS, IES-R, stress related responses, sleep problems, smoking problems, and alcohol problems than control group. Age and duration of sex trade of the subjects were significantly correlated with the severity or frequency of PTSD symptoms. The degree of smoking, alcohol drinking and sleep problems were also significantly correlated with the PTSD symptoms. Conclusion : These results suggested mental symptoms did not disappear even after women escaped from prostitution.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.85-105
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to characterize the neuroprotective effects and anxiolytic-like effects of Gongjin-dan and Polygala japonica, Polygala tenuifolia, Acorus gramineus mixed pills(G.J.D-P.P.A.). Methods : The neuroprotective effects of G.J.D-P.P.A. determined by the passive avoidance and Y-maze tasks and Morris water maze task, and the anxiolytic-like effects of the G.J.D-P.P.A. using an elevated plus-maze(EPM) in mice. Results : Drug-induced amnesia was induced by treating animals with scopolamine(1 mg/kg, i.p.). A single G.J.D-P.P.A.(400 and 800 mg/kg) administration significantly enhanced cognitive function and attenuated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments as determined by the passive avoidance and Y-maze tasks(P < 0.05) and also reduced escape-latency on the Morris water maze task(P < 0.05). The administration of GJD-PPA(400 and 800 mg/kg) significantly increased the percentage of time spent in open arms and entries into the open arms of the EPM compared with saline-treated control group(P < 0.05). Moreover, there were no changes in the locomotor activity and myorelaxant effects in any group compared with saline-treated control group. Conclusions : These results suggest that GJD-PPA dramatically possesses the anti-amnestic and cognitive-enhancing activities related to the memory processes, and promotes the anxiolytic-like activity in mice.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.665-679
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• 2022

Objective : Patients with mild ischemic stroke experience various sequela and residual symptoms, such as anxious behavior and deficits in movement. Few approaches have been proved to be effective and safe therapeutic approaches for patients with mild ischemic stroke by acute stroke. Sildenafil (SIL), a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5i), is a known remedy for neurodegenerative disorders and vascular dementia through its angiogenesis and neurogenesis effects. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of PDE5i in the emotional and behavioral abnormalities in rats with mild ischemic stroke. Methods : We divided the rats into four groups as follows (n=20, respectively) : group 1, naïve; group 2, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo30); group 3, MCAo30+SIL-pre; and group 4, MCAo30+SIL-post. In the case of drug administration groups, single dose of PDE5i (sildenafil citrate, 20 mg/kg) was given at 30-minute before and after reperfusion of MCAo in rats. After surgery, we investigated and confirmed the therapeutic effect of sildenafil on histology, immunofluorescence, behavioral assays and neural oscillations. Results : Sildenafil alleviated a neuronal loss and reduced the infarction volume. And results of behavior task and immunofluorescence shown possibility that anti-inflammation process and improve motor deficits sildenafil treatment after mild ischemic stroke. Furthermore, sildenafil treatment attenuated the alteration of theta-frequency rhythm in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, a known neural oscillatory marker for anxiety disorder in rodents, induced by mild ischemic stroke. Conclusion : PDE5i as effective therapeutic agents for anxiety and movement disorders and provide robust preclinical evidence to support the development and use of PDE5i for the treatment of mild ischemic stroke residual disorders.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

$5HT_{2C}$ receptor among fourteen 5-HT subtypes plays important roles in several disorders such as depression, anxiety, epilepsy, schizophrenia and sleep disorders. The purpose of the study is to investigate pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of a newly synthesized selective agonist of $5-HT_{2C}$ receptor, KOPC-20010 (KP10) in rats after intravenous and oral administration for the development of therapeutic anti-obesity agents. KP10 was administered orally (40 mg/kg) or intravenously (20 mg/kg), blood was collected via a catheter, and analyzed by GC/MSD. The calibration curve of KP10 in plasma and urine showed high linearity ($r^2$ >0.999). The retention times of KP10 in plasma and urine were 8.7 and 9.7 min, respectively. After oral administration of 40 mg/kg, pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated as follows; $C_{max}$ value was $1242.9{\pm}1195.5$ ng/mL at $1.1{\pm}0.6$ hr ($T_{max}$). $AUC_{0->24hr}$ and $AUC_{0>{\infty}}$ were $8034.2{\pm}960.7$ and $10464.1{\pm}681.5\;ng{\cdot}hr/mL$, respectively. The terminal half-life was $21.9{\pm}7.6$ hr. $AUC_{0->24hr}$ and $AUC_{0>{\infty}}$ were $4292.4{\pm}523.0$ and $6111.2{\pm}756.2\;ng{\cdot}hr/mL$, respectively, after 20 mg/kg of intravenous administration. The terminal half-life after intravenous administration was $25.1{\pm}9.4$ hr. Bioavailability of KP10 was determined to 86%. The excretion amount into the urine within 48 hr was approximately 4.7 to 6.7% of the dose administered. These data may be beneficial to the anti-obesity drug development of KP10.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study is to analyze Korean patients' characteristics, who were concurrently treated with both Korean herbal medicines and Western chemical medicines using nation-wide database. Method : Using the patients sample data (HIRA-NPS 2018) provided by Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, a group of patients who co-administered Korean herbal and Western medicines was selected, and their basic characteristics, diagnosis, and prescribed chemical medicines were analyzed. Results : Out of the 1,481,921 sample population, 17,629 patients (1.2%) were selected as a concurrent medication group. Compared to the whole sample, the concurrent medication group was composed of more women (65.8% vs. 51.1%), the more elderly people (65 or older years old) (44.5% vs. 14.6%), and the higher prevalence of chronic diseases (49.1% vs. 22.2%). The most frequent diagnosis treated with Western medicines was mental and behavioral disorders, musculoskeletal and circulatory disorders. Frequently used drugs among concurrent medication group were anti-anxiety drugs, gastric ulcer treatment drugs, and senile diseases treatment drugs. Conclusion : The evidence reported in this study is expected to provide herb-drug interaction researchers with important reference to set the priorities of research topics in the future.