• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.691-698
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• 2005

Phlorotannins, the polyphonic compounds found in brown Eisenia and Ecklonia algae, have several pharmacologically beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation. In addition, our recent data show that these compounds may improve the cognitive functions of aged humans suggesting the potential ability to enhance memory in several neurodegenerative disorders. To examine the experimental hypothesis that two effective components of Ecklonia cava, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol (PFF), have memory-enhancing abilities, both were administered orally to mice before a passive avoidance test. The repeated administration of either dieckol or PFF dose-dependently reduced the inhibition of latency by the administration of ethanol. To investigate the mode of memory-enhancing actions, the levels of major central neurotransmitters in three different regions (striatum, hippocampus, and frontal cortex) of the mouse brain were measured. The levels of some of the neurotransmitters were significantly changed by ethanol. Both dieckol and PFF altered the levels of some neurotransmitters modified by the ethanol treatment. It is noteworthy that both dieckol and PFF increased the level of acetylcho-line, and they exerted anticholinesterase activities. Overall, the memory-enhancing abilities of dieckol and PFF may result from, at least in part, the increment of the brain level of acetylcho-line by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.149-171
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• 2002

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is pathologically characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles associated with the acetylcholinesterase, apolipoprotein E and butylcholinesterase, and by mutations in the presenilin genes PS1 and PS2, and amyloid precursor proteins (APPs)'s overexpression. The present research is to examine the inhibitory effect of CWBD on PS1, PS2 and APPs's overexpression detected by Western blotting. To verify further the effects of CWBD on cognitive deficits, we tested it on the scopolamine(1mg/kg)-induced amnesia model of the mice using the Morris water maze tests, and there were ameliorative effects on memory impairment as a protection from scopolamine. CWBD only partially blocked the increase in blood serum level of acetylcholinesterase and Uric acid induced by scopolamine, whereas blood glucose level was shown to attenuate the amnesia induced by scopolamine and increased extracellular serum level. In conclusion, studies of CWBD that has been known as anti-choline and inhibitory ablilities of APPs's overexpression could also be used further as a important research data for a preventive and promising symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.23-42
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• 2000

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is pathologically characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles associated with the acetylcholinesterase, apolipoprotein E and butylcholinesterase, and by mutations in the presenilin genes PSI and PS2, and amyloid precursor proteins (APP) overexpression. The present research is to examine the inhibition effect of YJJHT on PS-1, PS-2 and APP overexpression by detected to Western blotting. To verify the EFFects of YJJHT on cognitive deficits further, we tested it on the scopolamine-induced amnesia model of the mice using the Morris water maze tests. and there was ameliorative effects of memory impairment s a protection to scopolamine. YJJHT only partially blocked the increase in blood serum level of acetylcholinesterase and Uric acid induced by scopolamine. whereas blood glucose level was shown to attenuate the amnesia induced by scopolamine and inreased extracellular serum level compared with only scopolamine injection. In conclusion, studies of YJJHT that has been know as anti-choline and inhibition ablilities of APP overexpression, this could also be used further as a important research data for a preventive and promising symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.320-325
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• 2008

새로운 고품질의 전통주 개발을 위한 자료를 얻고자 시판 전통주들을 수집하여 이들의 물리화학적 성질과 항치매활성, 심혈관질환활성 및 노화억제활성등을 조사하였다. 수집된 45종의 전통주들의 에탄을 함량은 $7.0%{\sim}52.0%$로 다양하였고 pH는 $3.05{\sim}5.28$이었으며 SBB-ju 전통주가 비교적높은 1.37%의 총산을 함유하고 있었다. 항치매성 $\beta$-secretase 저해활성은 PMR-ju가 42.5%로 제일 높았으나 acetylcholinesterase와 butyrylcholinesterase 저해활성은 없거나 20% 미만의 낮은 활성을 보였다. 항고혈압성 ACE저해활성은 YON-ju가 85.6%로 조사한 모든 생리기능성 중 가장 우수하였으나 혈전용해활성은 없었다. 항노화성 전자공여능은 SBB-ju(A)가 72.2%을 보여 높았으나 SOD 유사활성과 혈전용해활성등은 매우 낮거나 없었다. 최종 항고혈압활성 우수 기능성 주류로 선발된 YON-ju의 주, 부원료 추출물들의 항고혈압 활성을 조사한 결과 인삼의 물과 에탄을 추출물, 멥쌀의 물추출물 및 국화의 에탄올추출물에서 항고혈압활성이 높은것으로 보아 발효중에 이들로부터 항고혈압성 ACE 저해물질이 용출되거나 이들의 분해산물들이 YON-ju의 항고혈압 활성을 상승시킨 것으로 사료 되었다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Russula rosacea, a mycorrhizal fungus, has been used for edible and medicinal purposes. This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-cholinesterase, and nitric oxide inhibitory effects of the fruiting bodies from R. rosacea extracted with methanol, and hot water. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of the methanol and hot water extracts (2.0 mg/ml) of R. rosacea were comparable with BHT, the positive control. The chelating effects of the mushroom and hot water extracts were significantly higher than that of BHT. The reducing power of methanol and hot water extract (6 mg/ml) were significantly lower than that of BHT. Seven phenolic compounds were detected from acetonitrile and hydrochloric acid solvent extract of the mushroom. alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of methanol and hot water extracts were lower than that of acarbose, the positive control. The acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effects were moderate compared with galanthamine, the standard drug. Nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 cells were inhibited significantly by the mushroom extracts in a concentration dependent manner. Therefore, we demonstrated that fruiting bodies of R. rosacea possess in vitro antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-cholinesterase, and NO production inhibitory activities. The experimental results suggest that the fruiting bodies of R. rosacea are good natural antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-cholinesterase, and anti-inflammatory sources.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2016

The herb of Agastache rugosa (Lamiaceae) called Korean mint as a spice or Agastache Herba as a crude drug is known to contain highly fragrant volatile substances. This research aimed to establish the quantitative gas chromatography (GC) method on the essential oil of A. rugosa using the three standard compounds, estragole, methyleugenol, pulegone, and to find whether the essential oil has anti-Alzheimer's activity. The GC quantification method was established by determining the linearity of calibration curve ($R^2$), linear range, and both limit-of-detection (LOD) and limit-of-quantification (LOQ). The $IC_{50}$ of the essential oil on the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were determined to be $69.06{\pm}0.26$ and $76.71{\pm}0.58{\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2008

아세틸콜린에스터라아제(AChE)저해제에 의한 아세틸콜린 분해의 억제는 알츠하이머 질병의 환자들을 위한 치료 방법 중의 하나이다. 새로운 AChE 저해제를 개발하여 항 치매성 대체 의약품생산에 응용하기 위해, 전보에서는 다양한 곡류와 두류로부터 AChE 저해활성이 우수한 시료로 수수를 선발하여 추출 최적조건을 조사하였고 영양성 및 생리기능성 등을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서는 AChE 저해제를 함유한 수수 메탄올 추출물의 물리화학적 성질과 안정성을 조사하였다. 수수 메탄올추출물은 물, 메탄올과 DMSO등에 잘 녹았고, 215nm과 282nm의 최대흡수파장을 갖고 있었다. 또한, 추출물은 20-$100^{\circ}C$와 pH 2.0-10.0에서 1시간동안 안정 하였다. 수수 메탄올추출물을 이용하여 시제품을 제조한 후 $20^{\circ}C$와 $40^{\circ}C$에서 8주간 저장하였을 때 모두 생균수와 pH에 변화가 없이 안정하였고 기호도도 우수하게 유지되었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

Objectives : In the present study, we assessed the effects of water extract of Ulmus davidiana(UED) on the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine in mice through its favorable acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and antioxidant effect. Methods : The memory and cognitive enhancing effect of the UDE was investigated using a passive avoidance test, the Morris water maze test and Y-maze test in mice. In addition, to examine the mechanism of UDE using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and antioxidant activity. Results : The water extract of UDE (100, and 200 mg/kg) significantly reversed the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in the passive avoidance test (P < 0.05). Moreover, UDE (100, and 200 mg/kg) also improved escape latencies in training trials and increased swimming times and distances within the target zone of the Morris water maze (P < 0.05). On the Y-maze test, UDE (100, and 200 mg/kg) also significantly reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice (P < 0.05). In an in vitro study, UDE was found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, changes in neurotrophic factor (CREB), and antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions : The water extract of UDE dramatically possesses the anti-amnestic and cognitive-enhancing activities related to the memory processes, and these activities were parallel to treatment duration and dependent on the learning models. These results suggest that the administration of UDE enhances learning and memory, and that this effect is partially mediated by ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling and the survival of immature neurons.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2016

This study aimed to establish the quantitative method to analyze the content of peroxynitrite-scavengers belonging to polyphenols in six Korean Quercus species (Quercus mongolica, Q. dentata, Q. acutissima, Q. alienta, Q. serrata, and Q. variabilis) by HPLC. The twelve peroxynitrite-scavengers, flavanols (catechins: (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and (-)-epigallocatechin), flavonols (kaempferol and quercetin), flavonol glycosides (astragalin, quercitrin, and isoquercitrin), flavonol acylated glycosides (astragalin 6''-gallate and isoquercitrin 6''-gallate), gallic acid and its dimer (ellagic acid) were analyzed by HPLC. Further, anti-Alzheimer's activity was assayed in a passive avoidance testusing mice by measuring the retention latency (sec), the concentration of acetylcholine (ACh), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Simultaneous analysis of the extracts of the six Quercus leaves was achieved on a Capcell C18 column ($5{\mu}m$, $250mm{\times}4.6mm\;i.d.$) with a gradient elution of 0.05% HAc and 0.05% HAc in $CH_3CN$. In the extract of Q. mongolica leaves, the content of gallic acid (32.53 mg/g), (+)-catechin (28.78 mg/g), (-)-epicatehin (22.03 mg/g), astragalin 6''-gallate (20.94 mg/g), and isoquercitrin 6''-gallate (44.11 mg/g) and peroxynitrite-scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$, $0.831{\mu}g/ml$) were high. This extract delayed the retention latency and inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in scopolamine-induced memory impairment of mice, suggesting that it has anti-Alzheimer's activity.

• Mycobiology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2010

To develop a potent anti-obesity lipase inhibitor from mushroom, the lipase inhibitory activities of various mushroom extracts were determined. Methanol extracts from Phellinus linteus fruiting body exhibited the highest lipase inhibitory activity (72.8%). The inhibitor was maximally extracted by treatment of a P. linteus fruiting body with 80% methanol at $40^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. After partial purification by systematic solvent extraction, the inhibitor was stable in the range of $40\sim80^{\circ}C$ and pH 2.0~9.0. In addition to lipase inhibitory activity, the inhibitor showed 59.4% of superoxide dismutase-like activity and 56.3% of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity.