• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects of Samul-tang-ga-dansam water extract (SD) in wound-induced mice. Methods The mice were divided into five groups (n=7): the normal group, the control group, the positive control group, the low-dose SD group and the high-dose SD group. The normal group had no wounds and the other groups were wounded on the back with a leather punch. Distilled water was administered to the control group, 200 mg/kg of vitamin E was administered to the positive control group. In the low-dose SD group and the high-dose SD group, 1.23 g/kg and 2.47 g/kg of SD were administered, respectively. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protein levels were evaluated using western blot analysis. Skin tissue was analyzed by H&E, Masson's trichrome staining method. Results Oral administration of the SD significantly reduced the visible skin damage and decreased the reactive oxygen species and ONOO^- activity of the serum. It significantly increased heme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase, catalase, GPx-1/2, Nrf2 and Keap-1 which are antioxidant-related factors in skin tissue and reduced NF-κB p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 which are inflammation-related factors. Also, SD significantly decreased NOX2, p22^phox and p47^phox and increased α-smooth muscle actin and COL1A1 protein expression in fibroblasts involved in connective tissue repair. According to histological examination, the thickened epithelial layer was thinned and collagen fibers were increased to accelerate wound healing. Conclusions It is suggested that Samul-tang-ga-dansam has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and promotes wound tissue repair.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.415-425
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• 2022

Memory formation in the hippocampus is formed and maintained by circadian clock genes during sleep. Sleep deprivation (SD) can lead to memory impairment and neuroinflammation, and there remains no effective pharmacological treatment for these effects. Myricetin (MYR) is a common natural flavonoid that has various pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of MYR on memory impairment, neuroinflammation, and neurotrophic factors in sleep-deprived rats. We analyzed SD-induced cognitive and spatial memory, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine levels during SD. SD model rats were intraperitoneally injected with 10 and 20 mg/kg/day MYR for 14 days. MYR administration significantly ameliorated SD-induced cognitive and spatial memory deficits; it also attenuated the SD-induced inflammatory response associated with nuclear factor kappa B activation in the hippocampus. In addition, MYR enhanced the mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Our results showed that MYR improved memory impairment by means of anti-inflammatory activity and appropriate regulation of BDNF expression. Our findings suggest that MYR is a potential functional ingredient that protects cognitive function from SD.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Objectives The anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of Youngseonjeatonguem (靈仙除痛飮, YSJTU) was evaluated in a cellular model using RAW264.7 macrophages, which are involved in osteoarthritis (OA), and an animal model using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and a possible mechanism of anti-arthritic actions of YSJTU was presented. Methods RAW264.7 macrophages were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-𝛼, interleukin [IL]-1𝛽, and IL-6) and inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide [NO] and prostaglandin E2 [PGE2]) was determined by ELISA and Griess assay, respectively. Western blot was performed to determine inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. OA was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the right knee joint of SD rats. Results In RAW264.7 macrophages, YSJTU reduced LPS-induced production of TNF-𝛼, IL-1𝛽, and IL-6. In addition, YSJTU inhibited LPS-induced production of NO and PGE2 by suppressing iNOS and COX-2 expression. In SD rats, YSJTU improved MIA-induced OA by reducing swelling, skin heat, and cartilage degradation. In addition, YSJTU reduced serum levels of TNF-𝛼, IL-1𝛽, and IL-6, along with its significant decrease in serum levels of NO and PGE2. Conclusions These results suggest that YSJTU may exert anti-arthritic effect, at least in part, by inhibiting macrophage-mediated joint inflammation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.158-161
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• 2006

This study was designed to determine possible weight loss effects of Hangbisan, an oriental medicine, on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats that were fed a high-fat diet for 6 weeks to induce obesity and subsequently fed with a basic diet containing 10%(w/w) Hangbisan or 10%(w/w) cellulose for 8 weeks. The Hangbisan fed rats demonstrated a significantly (p<0.05) reduced weight gain compared to the cellulose fed rats as well as a reduced level of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides and an increased level of (HDL)-cholesterol. These results suggest that dietary Hangbisan has an anti-obesity effect in the high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIG) rat and therefore a potential use as an anti-obesity agent in the application of oriental medicine compounds.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2022

With an attempt to suppress the moiré phenomenon caused by the interference between the black matrix of a display panel and the metal grid of a camera, we have fabricated an anti-moiré filter using light diffusing particles (LDPs) with the average diameter of 20 ㎛. It is demonstrated that the anti-moiré filter coated on a glass substrate (370 mm × 470 mm) using a table slot-die coater reduces the moiré intensity to a great extent when the area covered by LDPs is 50%. To quantify the intensity of moiré phenomenon, we have measured the lightness ratio and found that it is reduced from 132.12 down to 105.71 by the filter. To find the optimum area covered by LDPs, we have performed ray tracing simulations using Mie scatters as a substitute for LDPs. From the simulated irradiation distribution, we have calculated the standard deviation (SD) and contrast ratio (CR) to evaluate the moiré strength. As expected, the SD and CR values decrease with increasing covered area by LDPs. However, there exists a trade-off between the transmittance of the filter and its capability of reducing the moiré intensity in determining the area covered by LDPs.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2010

A fiber fraction (Aloe cellulose), the by-product obtained from Aloe vera gel processing was freeze dried and investigated for in vitro glucose/ bile acid retarding effects of powdered sample (100 mesh) comparing with commercial $\alpha$-cellulose as a reference sample. We also examined the effectiveness of physiological functionality such as the antiobesity and anti-constipation on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat. The Aloe cellulose powders during in vitro dialysis experiment for 2 hours exhibited the glucose and bile acid retarding index of 20.32-35.2% and 53.13-28.30%, respectively. Especially, freeze dried aloe cellulose showed the 2.5 and 1.2-6 times higher effect on in vitro glucose and bile acid retardation than those of $\alpha$-cellulose. These relatively good retarding effects on glucose and bile acid diffusion suggest a potential of preventing from diabetes and arteriosclerosis of some extent. Also, the results from animal experiments on SD rats fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks suggested that Aloe cellulose might be used as a novel dietary fiber showing an effective anti-obesity and anti-constipation effect.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2010

Isaria sinclairii (Cicada Dongchunghacho) was studied as a potential crude natural food in powdered form. The role of tissue fatty acids in relation to the anti-obesity effects of I. sinclairii (IS) was examined by feeding the powder to SD rats ad libitum at 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10% (calculated about 8 g/kg) of the feed for a period of 3 months and 6 months. The fatty acid composition profile as indicated GC-MS, showed significantly slight dose-dependent increases in the levels of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly, arachidonic acid (C20: 4n6), oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20: 5) concentration in the the ad libitum IS-fed groups compared to the control group in SD abdominal fat over 6 month period. Over viewing of the SD and Ob mice treated Isaria sinclairii powder; there were increases in the single (mono) unsaturated fatty acids ratio but decreases in polyunsaturated fatty acid. In IS-fed groups in proportion to the treatment period, this Dongchunghacho also induced an increase in the level of same result of unsaturated fatty acid in C57BL/6 obese (ob/ob) mice over a 6-month period treatment compared to those given 10% dry mulberry leaf powder (ML) or silkworm powder mixed with the standard diet.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.28-30
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• 2017

본 연구를 통해 항 GAD 항체검사에서 뇌척수액에 대한 정상치 범위를 추정하였다. 본원에서 211명을 대상으로 혈청과 뇌척수액에 대한 항 GAD 항체검사를 함께 의뢰받은 환자 데이터를 분석해 본 결과 혈청은 1.0 U/mL 이상의 값을 가진 환자가 약 5%를 차지하였고. 뇌척수액의 경우에는 1.0 U/mL이상의 값을 가진 환자는 약 98% 이상을 차지하였다. 혈청의 참고치 (1.0 U/mL 이상 양성)를 뇌척수액에 적용했을 경우에는 대부분의 환자들이 강직증후군 및 간질을 진단 받게 된다. 이에 혈청과 뇌척수액의 참고치를 병용해서 사용하는 것은 부적합하다고 판단하였고 뇌척수액에 대한 참고치를 본원에서 자체적으로 설정하고자 하였다. 실험 대상으로는 정상인의 뇌척수액을 채취하는 데는 어려움이 있어 이와 가장 유사한 생리식염수를 음성대조군으로 선정하였다. 총 70개의 생리식염수를 검사한 결과 Mean값이 1.97 U/mL, SD 값이 0.72 U/mL가 나왔다. 이 값들에 Hoffmann법으로 Mean값에서 ${\pm}2SD$를 정상범위로 하여 0.54 U/mL ~ 3.40 U/mL로 Expected reference range를 설정할 수 있었다. 본 실험에서 아쉬운 점은 참고치 설정에 있어 정상인의 뇌척수액으로 검사가 이루어지지 못한 부분이다. 앞으로 정상인의 뇌척수액으로 참고치 설정을 할 수 있다면 보다 더 정확하게 임상적으로 적용할 수 있을 것이라 생각 된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.99-102
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• 2012

Bee venom (Apis mellifera L. BV) has been used as a cosmetic ingredient for anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity after a single dermal administration of BV, BV was administered to 2 groups of Sprague-Dawley (SD) male and female rats (5 animals/group) at doses of 0 and 1,500 mg/kg body weight (BW). Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings were continually monitored for 15 days following the single dose. There were no unscheduled deaths in any groups during the study period. No BV related clinical signs and body weight changes were observed in any groups during the study period. There were no abnormal gross findings at necropsy on day 15 after the treatment. On the basis of the above results, it was concluded that there were no treatment-related effect on mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings in SD rats treated with a single dermal dose of BV at dose of 1,500 mg/kg BW. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of BV was considered to be over 1,500 mg/kg/day for both sexes of rats. BV may provide a developmental basis for a cosmetic ingredient or external application for topical uses.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2018

본 연구는 해조 다당류 추출물을 화장품 원료로 사용할 수 있는지 평가하고자 하였다. 항균 효과를 평가하기 위해 해조 다당류 추출물로 부터 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 균주에 대한 항균활성을 측정하였다. 또한, RAW 264.7 세포에서 항염증 효과가 확인되었으며, 해조 다당류 추출물을 Sprague-Dawley (SD) 흰쥐의 등쪽 피부에 적용하여 단회투여독성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 해조 다당류 추출물은 피부섬유 아세포에서 최대 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 세포 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 또한, 1 % 해조 다당류 추출물로 처리되었을 때, $1.52{\pm}0.34cm$로 생육저해환이 형성되어 S. aureus 균주에 대한 항균 활성을 확인하였다. 해조 다당류 추출물을 RAW 264.7 세포에 처리하면 농도 의존적으로 산화 질소 (NO)의 생성이 감소하고 인터루킨 1 베타 ($IL1{\beta}$), 종양 괴사 인자 알파 ($TNF{\alpha}$)와 같은 염증 관련 사이토카인의 생성이 증가하였으며, 프로스타글란딘 E2 (PGE2)가 감소 하였다. 해조 다당류 추출물을 여러 농도로 흰쥐에 투여했을 때 증상은 14 일 이상 변하지 않았으며 췌장이나 장기 무게에는 변화가 없었다. 결론적으로 우리는 해조 다당류 추출물이 세포 독성을 나타내지 않았으며 항균 및 항염증 효과가 있음을 발견하였다. 따라서, 화장품 원료로 사용하기에 적합하다고 사료된다.