• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.303-314
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• 2024

Objective: Rutin, also called vitamin P, is a flavonoids from plants. Previous studies have indicated that rutin can alleviate the injury of tissues and cells by inhibiting oxidative stress and ameliorating inflammation. There is no report on the protective effects of rutin on goat rumen epithelial cells (GRECs) at present. Hence, we investigated whether rutin can alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage in GRECs. Methods: GRECs were cultured in basal medium or basal medium containing 1 ㎍/mL LPS, or 1 ㎍/mL LPS and 20 ㎍/mL rutin. Six replicates were performed for each group. After 3-h culture, the GRECs were harvested to detect the relevant parameters. Results: Rutin significantly enhanced the cell activity (p<0.05) and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) (p<0.01) and significantly reduced the apoptosis rate (p<0.05) of LPS-induced GRECs. Rutin significantly increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activity (p<0.01) and significantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.01). The mRNA and protein levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and the mRNA level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) were significantly increased in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.05 or p<0.01), while rutin supplementation significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL8 in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The mRNA level of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was significantly improved in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.05 or p<0.01), whereas rutin supplementation could significantly reduce the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 (p<0.05 or p<0.01). In addition, rutin had a tendency of decreasing the protein levels of CXCL6, NF-κB, and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B alpha (0.05

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.69-85
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• 2013

Objectives: This study investigated the anti-osteoarthritic effects of Kyejiinsam-tang (hereinafter referred to KIT) on the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rats. Methods: Anti-oxidative effects of KIT were measured by scavenging activities of DPPH, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). Scavenging activities of anti-oxidation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells were also measured for inhibitory effects against the production of inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, interleukin-6). Osteoarthritis was induced in rats by injecting MIA in the knee joint. Rats were divided into a total of 4 groups (n=6). The normal group were not treated at all without inducing osteoarthritis whereas the control group were induced for osteoarthritis by MIA and oral medicated physiological saline per day. The positive comparison group was injected with MIA and after 7 days, 2 mg/kg of Indomethacin. The experimental group was injected with MIA and after 7 days was medicated with 34 mg/kg of KIT. Indomethacin and KIT were orally-medicated for each substance a total of 4 weeks, once per day. Weight-bearing on hind legs was measured every week after MIA injection. At the end of the experiment (5 weeks after MIA injection), micro CT (computed tomography)-arthrography and histopathological examinations on the articular structures of knee joint were performed. The effect on inflammatory cytokines and immunological cells in synovial fluid was measured. Volume of cartilage was measured by micro CT-arthrography. Injury to synovial tissue was measured by H & E (hematoxylin and eosin), Safranin-O immunofluorescence. Results: 1. Cytotoxicity against hFCs was insignificant. 2. KIT showed the potent full term for DPPH. 1. NO was significantly reduced by KIT (at 100, $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and ROS was also reduced, but not significantly, by KIT (at $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). 2. IL-6 and IL-$1{\beta}$ were significantly reduced by KIT (at 100, $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and TNF-${\alpha}$ was also reduced, but not significantly, by KIT (at $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). 1. In hind legs weight-bearing measurement, level of weight increased. 2. Functions of liver and kidney were not affected. 3. IL-$1{\beta}$ was significantly reduced and TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 were also reduced but not significantly. 4. PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), LTB4 (leukotriene B4) were significantly reduced in the KIT group. 5. MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9), TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1) and Osteocalcin were significantly reduced in the KIT group. 6. Destruction of cartilage on micro CT arthrography was reduced but had no significant differences. 7. Histopathologically, injury to synovial membrane of the KIT group was decreased and proteoglycan content of KIT group was increased. Conclusions: According to this study, Kyejiinsam-tang has inhibiting effect on the progression of arthritis in MIA-induced osteoarthritis rat. Kyejiinsam-tang has anti-oxidants and anti-inflammation effects, and is related to inhibiting the activity of inflammatory cytokine and injury of volume in cartilage.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.441-449
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 인체 폐암세포주인 A549 세포와 간암세포주인 HepG2 세포를 사용하여 Endlicheria anomala 메탄올 추출물(Methanol extract of E. anomala, MEEA)의 항암 활성 및 그 분자적 기전에 관하여 분석하였다. 먼저 MEEA가 인체 폐암세포와 간암세포의 증식에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 암세포의 증식을 억제하는 효과가 탁월하였다. 그 후 MEEA에 의한 세포 증식이 억제되는 원인을 분석하기 위하여 Flow cytometry analysis, AnnexinV & 7-AAD 이중 염색을 수행한 결과, 두 세포에서 모두 농도의존적으로 apoptosis 유발군인 SubG1기의 세포 분포가 증가하였고, early apoptosis에서 late apoptosis로 전환되는 공통적인 현상을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 apoptosis의 유발로 일어날 수 있는 세포의 형태 변화를 관찰하기 위한 DAPI 염색과 DNA fragmentation을 통하여 MEEA 처리에 의한 A549의 염색질 응축, 사멸체 형성 및 DNA의 끌림 현상을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 이와 관련된 분자적 기전 분석을 위한 Western blot을 추가로 수행하여 caspase, PARP, pro-, anti-apoptotic 단백질의 발현을 관찰하였다. 이상의 결과로 MEEA는 인체 폐암세포와 간암세포에서 p53의 발현 증가와 Bcl-2 family의 변화를 유도하며, caspase-3와 관련된 경로를 통하여 농도의존적으로 apoptosis를 유발시킨다는 것을 증명하였다. 이는 MEEA가 항암 활성을 보유하고 있고, 인체 폐암세포와 간암세포 사멸의 기전 연구를 위한 중요한 자료가 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.736-744
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• 2021

강화사자발쑥(Artemisia princeps Pampanini)은 항산화, 항염증 및 항균제와 같은 면역 기능 관련 질병에 널리 사용되는 약초이다. 이 연구에서 우리는 RAW 264.7 세포에서 AP 추출물의 항염증 효과를 조사하고 관련 메커니즘을 평가하였다. AP 추출물의 효과는 complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) 유도 관절염 및 lipopolysaccharide(LPS) 유도 마우스 모델에서도 평가되었다. RAW 264.7 세포에서 AP 추출물은 LPS에 의해 유도 된 산화질소(NO) 생성과 inducible NO synthase 및 cyclooxygenase-2 단백질 발현을 현저하게 억제했다. RAW 264.7 세포에서 LPS로 유도된 mitogen-activated protein kinase 와 nuclear factor-κB의 인산화 또한 AP 추출물에 의해 유의하게 억제되었다. AP 추출물의 경구 투여는 CFA 처리 마우스 그룹에 비해 발의 부종 및 비장 지수 증가를 억제하였다. 조직학적으로 CFA 처리 마우스 군에서는 cartilage와 synovium에서 염증 세포의 침윤이 증가한 반면 AP 추출물 투여군에서는 억제되었다. 더욱이, AP 추출물은 염증성 사이토카인으로 알려진 tumor necrosis factor-α 수준을 CFA 및 LPS 처리 마우스 모델에서 현저하게 감소시켰다. 결론적으로, AP 추출물의 항염증 및 항 관절염 효과는 in vitro 및 in vivo 모델 모두에서 확인되었으며, 이는 Artemisia princeps Pampanini가 관절염 치료의 후보 물질이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2018

대부분의 신경퇴행성질환은 산화스트레스의 영향을 받는다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 진세노사이드 Rg5와 Rk1을 함유하고 있는 발효산삼배양근 농축액인 HLJG0701의 산화방지 효능을 확인하였다. 그 결과, HLJG0701는 효과적인 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼제거능을 나타냈으며($IC_{50}$: 16배, 4배 희석액), 황산철(II) 유도군의 지방질 과산화물 발생 비교 시, 용량의존적으로 억제됨을 확인하였다(8배 희석액: 2.3 nM, 4배 희석액: 1.5 nM). HLJG0701의 세포 보호 효과를 MTT, LDH 분석으로 평가한 결과, 8, 16, 32, 64배 희석액의 HLJG0701를 처리한 경우 70, 53, 35, 26%의 세포생존율이 증가됨을 확인하였다. LDH 방출 측정 결과, $H_2O_2$로 인해 3.6배까지 증가한 LDH 활성은 8배 희석액의 HLJG0701 처리 시 1.3배 수준까지 감소하였다. 또한 HLJG0701가 PC12세포에 발생한 산화스트레스 DCF-DA 분석(16배 희석액: 50% ROS 억제, 4배 희석액: 68% ROS 억제), TBARS (16배 희석액: 50.7% 감소, 4배 희석액: 46.5% 감소), GPx (16배 희석액: 133.3% 증가, 4배 희석액: 227.3% 증가), 그리고 SOD (16배 희석액: 118.2% 증가, 4배 희석액: 218.2% 증가) 분석으로 확인하였다. 위 결과는 HLJG0701가 산화방지 효능을 매개로 신경세포를 보호함으로써 신경퇴행성질환을 예방할 수 있는 가능성 있는 후보물질이 될 수 있다는 것을 의미하며, 임상시험 등 다양한 연구가 충분하지 않은 상태이므로 앞으로 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2004

노화과정에 산소라디칼이 관여할 가능성을 난소를 절제한 횐 쥐를 동물모델로 하여 알아보았다. 난소를 절제한 쥐와 난소를 절제하지 않은 정상 쥐에서의 생리활성 및 항산화 효과를 알아보기 위하여 CS를 사용하였다. 난소를 절제한 횐 쥐에 각각 CS를 각 100 mg/kg과 200 mg/kg을 투여하고, 이것과 비교하기 위해 난소를 절제한 대조군과 난소를 절제하지 않은 정상군으로 하여 항산화 효과에 관한 실험방법으로 진행하였다. 노화 유도된 쥐의 각 조직에서 지질 과산화가 증가되었고 유리기 반응이 더 심하게 일어난 간 조직에서 노화 진행이 그만큼 촉진되었음을 알 수 있었다. 산소라디칼 반응이 항진된 원인을 규명코자 간 조직에서 항산화 효소의 활성을 조사한 결과, SOD와 GSH의 활성이 감소되었으며, 노화나 지질과산화가 심하게 진행되었던 간 조직에서 이들 항산화 효소의 활성감소가 심한 경향을 나타내었다. AST의 활성은 OVX 군이 Sham 군에 비해 2.1배 높게 나타났으며, ALT 활성은 크게 변화하지 않았다. 과산화지질한량은 OVX 군이 Sham 군에 비해 1.4배 높게 나타났으며, CS를 투여한 군에서는 31%-38%의 저해율을 보였다. 항산화 효소들은 Sham 군에 비해 OVX 군에서 낮게 나타났으며, 물질 투여 군에서는 정도의 차이는 있지만 대체로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과에서 보듯이, 난소절제로 생성된 유리기는 물질 투여로 인한 항산화 효소의 증가를 가져오고 이는 결국 유리기로 손상된 막의 지질과산화 정도를 완화시켜 세포를 보호하는 효과를 가져왔다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 CS는 여러 가지 측면에서 난소절제로 인해 유도된 지질과산화 및 활성산소에 의한 공격으로부터 세포를 보호하고 회복시켜주는 효과가 있다고 사료되어진다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2018

Background: Astragalus membranaceus is a well known oriental medicinal herb. The polysaccharides of the aboveground parts (AMA) and the radix (AMR) of A. membranaceus are the most important functional constituents. Methods and Results: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of AMA and AMR on the oxidative damage induced in the skeletal muscle of rats subjected to exhaustive exercise. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into exercise and non-exercise groups; in the groups receiving the test compounds, AMA and AMR were administered orally for 30 days. Skeletal muscle samples were collected from each rat after running to exhaustion on a treadmill to determine the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) and the concentation of malondialdehyde (MDA). The antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD and GSH-Px of skeletal muscle of AMA- and AMR-treated groups were significantly higher than those of the control and commercial sports drink (SPD)-treated groups in exhaustive exercise rats. In addition, MDA concentrations in the skeletal muscle of the AMA- and AMR-treated groups were significantly lower than those of the control and SPD-treated groups. In the present study, the effects of AMA and AMR on exercise endurance capacity were also evaluated in mice subjected to a swimming exercise test. AMA and AMR supplementation prolonged the swimming time of mice and enhanced exercise endurance capacity. AMA and AMR possess the ability to retard and lower the production of blood lactate, and prevent the decrease of serum blood glucose. Conclusions: These results showed that, AMR and AMA exerted beneficial effect in mice, increasing the activity of the antioxidant systems and inhibiting oxidative stress induced by exhaustive exercise. The compounds improved exercise performance and showed anti-fatigue effects against exhaustive exercise.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2018

Objectives : The current study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of youngyanggak-san (YGS) on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute liver injury in rats. Methods : YGS is composed of Glycyrrhizae Radix, Asiasari Radix, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Saigae Tataricae Cornu. While N-YGS (non-youngyanggak-san) doesn't include Saigae Tataricae Cornu. Two samples were administrated TAA together for 3 days. Thirty-six rats were divided into four groups. Rats except for the normal group were received TAA (200 mg/kg of body weight, I.P) were divided into three groups (n=9/group) : Group 1 (TAA only), Group 2 (TAA + 200 mg/kg YGS) and Group 3 (TAA + 200 mg/kg N-YGS). Acute liver damage confirmed using histological examination, The factors associated with oxidative stress and liver function activity measured in serum. Also, expressions of inflammation related proteins were investigated by western blot analysis. Results : Oxidative stress factors such as ROS and $ONOO^-$ in the Group 2 was manifested by a significant rise compared with Group 1. YGS markedly decreased the elevated ROS and $ONOO^-$. Furthermore, YGS significantly reduced the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) The nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) activation induced by TAA led to increase both inflammatory mediators and cytokines. While YGS administration remarkably suppressed such the overexpression. In addition, the histopathological analysis showed that the liver tissue lesions were improved obviously in YGS treatment. Conclusion : YGS provided a hepatoprotective effect on acute liver damage through the suppression of oxidative stress. Especially, this effect enhanced markedly when Saigae Tataricae Cornu is included.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.309-320
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• 2013

Objectives : There is a possibility LRE as remedy in Alzheimer disease (AD), but it's nerve protection effect and mechanism have to be elucidate. In this research, we applied LRE on $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ pre-treated SH-SY5Y cells, to find out the nerve protection effect and mechanism in AD cell model. Methods : We tried to confirm that effect by experimenting with 20, 50, and $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentration of LRE as a medicine. Next experiment, we assessed damage effect which induced $A{\beta}_{25-35}$, known to cause AD, on SH-SY5Y cell. In addition, cellular viability test is executed under $H_2O_2$ treatment condition in a SH-SY5Y cell. Results : 1. In $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ treated SH-SY5Y cell, LRE exhibited an anti-phosphorylation effect about tau protein, JNK, and IKB. 2. LRE prevent nerve cell apoptosis, which indued $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ and oxidative stress, modify JNK engaged synaptic structure and $NF{\kappa}B$ induced p75-neurotrophin receptor polymorphism. Conclusions : We found that LRE prevented oxidative stress-induced cellular destruction, for example, increased SOD activity of $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ treated SH-SY5Y cell and reduced toxicity of oxygen free radical. Consequently, the ingredients of LRE have a role as a catalyzer for $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ clearance and as scavenger for active oxygen free radical.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.912-919
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• 2020

Hardy kiwifruits (Actinidia arguta Planch.) have high amounts of antioxidants, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and phenolics. The anti-cholinesterase activity and neuroprotective effects of three different cultivars of hardy kiwifruits, cv. Mansu (A. arguta × A. deliciosa), cv. Haeyeon (A. arguta), and cv. Chiak (A. arguta), on PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated. Extraction of phenolics and vitamin C was carried out using 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanol and metaphosphoric acid assisted with homogenization, respectively. Hardy kiwifruit of cv. Mansu showed higher total phenolic, total flavonoid, and vitamin C contents and antioxidant capacity compared to the other two cultivars of hardy kiwifruits, cv. Haeyeon and cv. Chiak. Analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography results revealed the presence of procyanidin B2, (-)-epicatechin, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and astragalin in hardy kiwifruits. The three cultivars of hardy kiwifruits had a wide range of vitamin C content of 55.2-130.0 mg/100 g fresh weight. All three cultivars of hardy kiwifruits had protective effects on neuronal PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide by increasing cell viability and reducing intracellular oxidative stress. Furthermore, the hardy kiwifruits inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Collectively, these results suggest that hardy kiwifruits rich in antioxidants like phenolics and vitamin C have good potential as functional materials in neuroprotective applications.