• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.103-109
• /
• 2003

Background: As all HLA class II genes, the DQ genes show their polymorphic variation mainly in the second exon, which encodes the first extracellular domain of the molecule. PCR-SSOP (Polymerase chain reaction-Sequence specific oligonucleotide probe) techniques were frequently used for HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 typing but certain alleles, $DQA1^*0101/0104/0105$, $^*302/0303$, $*0501/0505$ and $DQB1^*0201/^*0202$ which differ from each other in segment other than exon 2, could not be unequivocally assigned. Methods: To overcome this problem, we applied additional PCR-SSP (PCR-Sequence specific primer) method to analyze DQA1 exons 1, 3 and 4 and DQB1 exon 3. And we investigated the distributions and haplotypes of HLA-DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 alleles in 406 unrelated Korean healthy individuals. Results: Using this method the indistinguishable alleles of DQA1 and DQB1 in PCR-SSOP were typed definitively. We also found several important associations between DQA1 and DQB1 alleles in the Korean population; $DQA1^*0101-DQB1^*0501$, $DQA1^*0104-DQB1^*0502$ or $-^*0503$, $DQA1^*0105-DQB1^*0501$, $DQA1^*0302-DQB1^*0303$, $DQA1^*0303-DQB1^*0401$ or $-^*0402$, $DQA1^*0501-DQB1^*0201$, $DQA1^*0505-DQB1^*0301$, and $DQA1^*0201-DQB1^*0202$. The haplotypes of DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 associated with $DQA1^*01$, $^*03$, $^*05$, and $DQB1^*02$ subtypes were investigated. Several haplotypes associated with these alleles were observed in the Korean population. Conclusion: Our results can be helpful to find potential unrelated donors for bone marrow registries and study the HLA-associated disease and anthropology at high-resolution allelic level.

• KOMUNHWA
• /
• no.68
• /
• pp.77-92
• /
• 2006

This paper is mainly deals and suggests about a brief history, an expansion and management of the pubic education program which is running by the university museum after careful analysis of the past and current public education program. There are 20 university museums which operate public education program inducing Seoul National University, Ehwa Women's University, Chungbuk National University and Yeungnam University, etc. Yeungnam University museum has been well running the public education program since l990. The public education program named museum university, museum class, culture class, that have been constantly changing and diversify the theme and education method. After careful analysis of the curriculum, it consists of the fields of archaeology, art history, folklore, anthropology, and modern arts. The programs are being held in the classroom and taking field trips to the related sites. Most of the lectures are given by the university professors and students are mainly mid-aged female. I found that the self evaluation and participant evaluation are insufficient for now. Education on demand program development is needed and also it is mandatory set up the curriculum opening committee. A good way to make the public education program is that to establish the sub-cormmitte talk group under KAUM and I feel keenly the necessity of the constant research on the public education program systematically. I guess it is worth to open a program for youth and weekend program for family.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.55 no.5
• /
• pp.523-532
• /
• 2017

A field survey studying intestinal parasites in humans and microbial pathogen contamination at environment was performed in a Laotian rural village to identify potential risks for disease outbreaks. A parasitological investigation was conducted in Ban Lak Sip village, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR involving fecal samples from 305 inhabitants as well as water samples taken from 3 sites of the local stream. Water analysis indicated the presence of several enteric pathogens, i.e., Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., E. coli H7, E. coli O157: H7, verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC), Shigella spp., and enteric adenovirus. The level of microbial pathogens contamination was associated with human activity, with greater levels of contamination found at the downstream site compared to the site at the village and upstream, respectively. Regarding intestinal parasites, the prevalence of helminth and protozoan infections were 68.9% and 27.2%, respectively. Eight helminth taxa were identified in fecal samples, i.e., 2 tapeworm species (Taenia sp. and Hymenolepis diminuta), 1 trematode (Opisthorchis sp.), and 5 nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, trichostrongylids, and hookworms). Six species of intestinal protists were identified, i.e., Blastocystis hominis, Cyclospora spp., Endolimax nana, Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, Entamoeba coli, and Giardia lamblia. Questionnaires and interviews were also conducted to determine risk factors of infection. These analyses together with a prevailing infection level suggested that most of villagers were exposed to parasites in a similar degree due to limited socio-economic differences and sharing of similar practices. Limited access to effective public health facilities is also a significant contributing factor.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.61-73
• /
• 2002

The aim of this study is to understand the modernization process of interior spaces in the Korean housing, focused not only on the architectural aspects, but also on the sociological, anthropological and feministic aspects of housing. The development of korean housing from the period of traditional agricultural society and Japanese domination through the period of industrial development to the period of modem industrial society have been reviewed not from the Point of westernization but from the point of Korean own needs for modernity. It also tried to find the determinants of the relationship between social behavior patterns and space organization through historical change of housing plans. As a result, it was found the various western impacts to the continuation or change of Korean housing culture in the modernization process. Consequently this study comes to the concrete results as follows; 1) sociological aspect: The early layout of floorplans, that promoted the communication and contact between the user were changed. The layout of spaces in the modern housing tends to be not interdependence each other and be very isolated from the outdoor spaces. Those Phenomena reflect the trends to the Individualization, equivalence and privatization in the life of family. 2) feministic aspects: Differently from the early kitchen, modern ones locates in the internal space in the housing and the dinning area is appeared. And also the standing work at the kitchen war usually spreaded. Such changes are due to the emancipation of the women and downfall of the subordinate relationship between the genders. 3) anthropological aspects: The lifestyle, in which the user was mostly sitting on the floor, was constantly disappeared by using of furnitures that determines the function of each spaces in the housing. Those change demonstrate the change of behavior Patterns, thus, the needs of differentiation of function as well as the feministic needs. In other word, the coexistence of both fields of work and relax is required. 4) tectonic aspects: In the indoor space of modern housing the rooms are closed each other. Thus, concentrated circulation system act to separate these spaces. It is concrete spatial element that mostly shows the synthetic character of modem housing.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.355-362
• /
• 2001

Data derived from odontometric studies are useful in many areas. Especially crown diameter of primary teeth is important in not only anthropology but also clinical dentistry. The purposes of this study were to compare diameters of primary molars of Korean children with those of preformed stainless steel crown, and examine racial characteristics of primary molars of Korean children. The mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of primary molars were measured on dental casts taken from 235 children(male 105, female 131), with digital calipers. And the data were compared with those of preformed stainless steel crowns. The results were as follows; 1. No significant difference was observed between the right and left members of antimeric teeth and all primary molars of male were larger than those of female. 2. The diameters of primary molars of Korean are smaller than those of Austrailian aborigines and there was significant difference between diameters of primary molars of Korean and those of other populations. 3. There were size differences between diameters of maxillary, mandibular first molar and preformed stainless steel crown than other primary molars, relatively.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2017

Rock properties and the effects of chemicals that were used for conservation were studied for effective conservation treatment of Seated Buddha rock carving, which is composed of grayish white tuff, at Golguram Hermitage, Gyeongju. The rocks contain 3-5% montmorillonite, a swelling mineral and reacting with water, the d spacing of swelling minerals was increased (1.54-2.69%). On the one hand, the physical properties of the rock samples, such as surface hardness, water absorption rate, and porosity improved after the application of ethyl silicate-based stone strengthener. On the other, the interlayer of swelling minerals decreased and greater the of swelling mineral content, the greater is the extent of swelling (4.23-12.12%). When the ethyl silicate-based stone strengthener was applied after pretreatment with a swelling inhibitor, the physical properties were similar to those of the stone strengthener alone. There was no interlayer spacing change of swelling minerals due to swelling inhibition treatment; however, when the stone strengthener was applied after the swelling inhibitor, interlayer changes were similar to those when only the stone strengthener was treated (4.10-11.85%). Though the peak intensity of swelling minerals in X-ray diffraction pattern decreased, the effect of the swelling inhibitor was almost negligible. Therefore, it is not appropriate to use ethyl silicate-based stone strengthener for Golgulam rock containing swelling minerals and supplementing them with a swelling inhibition system is not effective. Because weathering rapidly progresses when swelling minerals contact moisture, for now, measures to prevent water contact, such as expansion of the canopy, are needed in the lower and side parts of the carving.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.255-267
• /
• 1996

The so-called Cultural and Historical Geography, sometimes called even as the Historical and Cultural Geography, has been defined as an interdiscipline that encompasses several disciplines in Korea. Scholars with various academic background have participated in the academic activity of the Association of Korean Cultural and Historical Geographers that was organized in the late 1980s. The academic majors of these participants are cultural geography, historical geography, history of geography, urban geography rural geography, economic geography, social and economic history anthropology, landscape architecture, and so on. It was in the 1960s that articles about the Cultural and Historical Geography appeared for the first time in the major academic journals in Korea. The pioneers of publishing these articles in the 1960s continued to conduct their research, while training students majoring in the Cultural and Historical Geography in the 1970s. All of these pioneers and their students were very active in the formation of identity vrith the Cultural and Historical Geography In the 1980s. Cultural and Historical Geography in Korea took a great leap forward both in quantity and in quality. The number of articles in the journal increased substantially, and the range of research theme and methodology extended in a great deal. It was also in the late 1980s that the Association of Korean Cultural and Historical Geographers was organized in Seoul, Korea, and this association began to publish a professional journal named Cultural and Historical Geography once a year. In the 1990s, single-authored books dealing with Korean Cultural and Historcial Geography began to appear in public as textbooks or research monographs. These books are expected to speed up the spread of Cultural and Historical Geography in Korea. If it continues to grow further both in quantity and in quality as it has been, Cultural and Historical Geography in Korea will be able to stand as an independent academic field in the future. Until then, however, it cannot but avoid its mission to contribute to an integrated development of human geography in Korea. It has already gained not only its own merit in the humanistic perspective but also its own strength in its synthetic understanding.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.149-159
• /
• 2018

The Gyeongju Bunhwangsa Stone Brick Pagoda, which was built with bricks of andesite, is the oldest brick stone pagoda of Silla period. The damage patterns in the stone pagoda are pollutants such as white crust, black crust, discoloration, soil adsorption, and microorganisms, and repair materials. The damage pattern of structural factors in the Stone Brick Pagoda is a bulging phenomenon. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis, white crust are mainly consist of calcite ($CaCO_3$) and thermonatrite ($Na_2CO_3{\cdot}H_2O$) that evaporite finds in nature. Damage pattern varies depending on location of stone pagoda. The pollutants are first story body of pagoda. The microorganisms are confirmed at base, lion statues, first and second story capstone, and repair materials observed at base. The bulging phenomenon appeared on the first story body of the pagoda. Occupancy rates by damage type were higher in the order of microorganisms, pollutants, repair material, bulging phenomenon, and peeling. The highest percentage of individual damage patterns were black microorganisms (39.3%), followed by lichen (17.9%), discoloration (8.0%), white crust (5.5%), cement mortar (5.1%) and peeling (3.1%).

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2006

This study examines the social meaning of the CosPlay, the growth potential of CosPlay culture and its effect on the related industry through the perspectives and language of the youths who enjoy CosPlay, based on the ethnographic research. Also, this study presents a comparative description of Korea and Japan CosPlay culture by the ethnographic methodology whose purpose is to define relationship of cause and effect with phenomenon. For further step, this study plans to emphasize the need to link culture, clothes and related industry in order to create a cultural environment where diversity co-exists. CosPlay is the mania culture of Japan that emulated the Halloween party of the West and that developed the party into a unique form. In Korea, this practice was accepted for the first time among a handful of youths, starting from the 1990s, after which, it was introduced to the masses while holding CosPlay related events. While CosPlay is succeeded as an industry in Japan, CosPlay in Korea is considered childish play due to the Korean culture of considering cartoon as a childish and low class genre which is enjoyed by youths. CosPlay in Korea faces the following changes: aging of the members who comprised the CosPlay culture at the initial stage; population increase, centered on middle and high school students; interest of the government and the businesses that wish to produce economic wealth by organizing CosPlay events into events for youths; and changes in the environment that comprised the surrounding of the CosPlay culture. CosPlay is an honest play that demonstrates one's effort on the stage through performance. Moreover, most of the middle and high school students who comprise the CosPlay culture demonstrate similar characteristics as mania type of people when it came to the reason that they enjoy CosPlay. However, they did not consider CosPlay culture as an important aspect of their lives. Instead, most of them said that they participate to relieve stress. Thus, they have the potential to move onto another form of youth culture that may appear more attractive to them. To them, it is not the CosPlay culture that is important, but the fact that CosPlay provides a forum where they can freely engage in play.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.343-350
• /
• 2020

In this paper, we present the results of research on the reconstruction of ancient routes of ancient civilization exchange that were once present in the North Jeolla region, which was undertaken by adopting a convergent approach to develop 'Silkroadpia', which is an online platform for the curation and sharing of archaeological and historical spatial data, and 'MEPTA(Multiple Evidence Based Path and Territory Finding Algorithm)'. The results of the research make it possible to reconsider the region's historical identity and its important role in facilitating cultural exchange on the Korean Peninsula and in East Asia. The results can also be used to provide the theoretical basis for the government's land planning policies and for the production of cultural contents that can be used for local regeneration. The ancient route associated with the Baekje Restoration Movement, that took place after the fall of Sabi in 660 CE, was the case study examined in this paper, which discusses the academic value of reconstructing the ancient route, as well as its future use in providing cultural contents.