• 대기
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.567-583
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• 2019

In this study, the high-resolution numerical simulations considering detailed anthropogenic heat, albedo, emission and roughness length are analyzed by using single layer Urban Canopy Model (UCM) in Weather Research Forecast (WRF). For this, improved urban parameter data for Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) was collected from global data. And then the parameters were applied to WRF-UCM model after it was processed into 2-dimensional topographical data. The 6 experiments were simulated by using the model with each parameter and verified against observation from Automated Weather Station (AWS) and flux tower for the temperature and sensible heat flux. The data for sensible heat flux of flux towers on Jungnang and Bucheon, the temperature of AWS on Jungnang, Gangnam, Bucheon and Neonggok were used as verification data. In the case of summer, the improvement of simulation by using detailed anthropogenic heat was higher than the other experiments in sensible flux simulation. The results of winter case show improved in all simulations using each advanced parameters in temperature and sensible heat flux simulation. Improvement of urban parameters in this study are possible to reflect the heat characteristics of urban area. Especially, detailed application of anthropogenic heat contributed to the enhancement of predicted value for sensible heat flux and temperature.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.739-746
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• 2006

Anthropogenic underwater sound such as ship radiated noise, pile driving noise. underwater explosive blast and so on, affects marine animals. This study describes the effects of underwater noise on fishes. The characteristics of noise, fish hearing and response, and sound propagation loss are analysed based on existing results and measured data in marine construction site. Finally, the safety zone range of fish on man made underwater noise is derived.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2021

We examined a current status of damage in biodiversity and its causing factors in Hasidong Anin coastal dune, Gangneung-si, Gangwon province which is designated as ecological and landscape conservation area. In this study, we found that ecosystem and biodiversity have been primarily damaged by anthropogenic factors such as the construction of surrounding area, military facilities illegally dumped garbage and the expansion of windbreak forest. These factors occur to damage the landscape, ecosystem and biodiversity etc. There is a significant lack of basic data needed for preservation and restoration due to the lack of prior research and value assessment. In order to establish solutions for preservation and restoration, it is critical to collect fundamental data and implement value assessments. Therefore, further studies such as ecosystem services assessment, increasing biodiversity, spatial analysis and monitoring of various items related to coastal dunes are needed.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2011

본 연구는 낙동강의 지류 하천인 내성천을 대상으로, 장기간(1984~2001년)과 단기간(2009~2011년)의 하도 단면의 변화 특성과 원인에 대해 분석하였다. 지난 약 20년 동안 내성천 하류부의 대부분 지점에서는 최대 2m까지 하상 고도의 저하가 나타났다. 이는 지난 20~30년간 활발하게 이루어진 하상 골재 채취 작업과 하천 준설에 의한 영향으로 판단된다. 최근 2년 동안에는 NM1 지점에서 하도 내 사주의 규모가 크게 축소되는 변화가 나타났다. 그 원인은 NM1 지점의 바로 상류부에서 진행되고 있는 영주댐 공사로 인해 퇴적물 운반이 차단되고 있기 때문으로 보인다. 그러나 하도의 자연성이 상대적으로 양호한 NM2와 NL2 지점에서는 지난 2년간 미약하게나마 하상의 고도 상승이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 내성천에서는 인위적인 하도 간섭이 퇴적물 공급 감소에 따른 하상의 고도 저하에 가장 큰 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.823-827
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• 2010

원토양인 논토양 위에 마사토를 적토(積土)한 토양에 대한 토양수분 특성곡선을 작성해 보고, 이를 추정하는데 가장 널리 활용되고 있는 van Genuchten (VG) 모형과 Brooks-Corey (BC) 모형을 비교평가 해 그 효용성을 판단하기 위해 수행했다. 4개의 층위로 구분되는 측정 대상토양은 표토부터 30 cm 까지는 양질사토, 30~70, 70~120 cm는 사토, 120 cm 이상에서는 사양토로 분석된 토양이다. 토양수분 함량과 토양수분 메트릭 퍼텐셜과의 관계를 나타내는 토양수분 특성곡선 분석에 따르면, 원토양인 120 cm 이상 깊이 토양에서의 수분보유 특성을 제외하고 나머지 세 개 층위 토양에서의 수분 보유 특성은 0~30 cm, 30~70 cm 층위는 비슷하고 70~120 cm 층위는 약간 높은 경향이었다. 상대수분 포화도와 토양수분 메트릭 퍼텐셜의 관계를 표현함에 있어 멱함수 형태인 BC 모형보다는 해석학적 분석방법을 활용한 VG모형이 실측값에 근사한 추정결과를 제공했다. 포화상태의 종점이자 불포화상태의 시발점인 공기유입가 (AEV) 추정에도 측정 한계치 부근의 메트릭 퍼텐셜 값을 나타내는 BC모형보다는 9.5~40 cm (4 kPa)을 보였던 VG모형이 적합했다. 따라서, 인위적으로 원토양 위에 석비레 (마사토)로 적토된 토양에서의 토양수분 특성곡선 작성을 위한 추정모형에 VG모형을 활용하는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 이러한 결과로부터 VG 모형을 수자원량 산정을 위한 SCS (Soil Conservation Service, USDA) CN (Curve Number) 계산 과정에서 토양단면 내의 수분 보유 인자 (retention parameter) 산출을 위한 토양수분함량을 추정하는데 활용하거나 침투모형 (Green-Ampt Mein-Larson)을 설명하기 위한 습윤전선 매트릭 퍼텐셜을 추정하는데 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.479-488
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• 2004

Five sediment cores from the tidal flat of artificial Lake Shihwa are analyzed in terms of sedimentology and geochemistry to evaluate the heavy metal contamination and redox condition of surficial sediment following the Shihwa seawall construction. The variability of concentrations of various elements depends on the depositional environment, and reflects the various redox conditions and sediment provenances. The amounts of Ti and Al and their ratio of Ti/ Al with respect to Li clearly indicate that there is an anthropogenic contribution to the surficial sediment. The high concentrations of heavy metals suggest an anthropogenic contribution at ST. 34 and ST. 22. Concentrations of most elements (Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb) are higher near the Shihwa-Banwol industrial complex than in the central part of Lake Shihwa. Concentrations of heavy metal in surficial sediment near the Shihwa-Banwol industrial complex are two to eight times higher than in the center of Lake Shihwa. Enrichment factors (EF), which are normalized by the unpolluted shale, suggests a significant metallic contamination near the Shihwa-Banwol industrial complex (SBIC). The redox condition is divided into two anoxic and mixed oxi $c_oxic zones based on the carbon:sulfur (C/S) ratios of organic matter and elemental relationships. Correlations among geochemical elements Mn, U and Mo are significantly different from site to site, and may therefore be an indicator of the spatial redox condition. Controlling factors for switching anoxic/oxic conditions are thought to be water depth and the differences in industrial effluent supply. The variations of the Cu/Mn ratio in the sediments confirms above mentioned spatial differences of a redox condition in part, and therefore shows a location-dependence redox condition in sediments at four other sites. The redox condition of the surficial sediment characteristics of the Shihwa Lake are controlled by its geographic location and water depth.th.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.472-472
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• 2004

Numerous studies on urban groundwater have been carried out in many other countries. Urban groundwater shows a unique hydrologic system because of complex urban characteristics such as road pavement, sewers and public water supply systems. These urban facilities may change the characteristics of groundwater recharge but contaminate its quality as well. There have been several researches on urban groundwater in Seoul. Seoul has been industrialized very rapidly so that the city has large population. The recent population in Seoul amounts to more than ten millions, corresponding to a very high density of about 17, 000 people/km$^2$. Therefore, many factors affect the groundwater quality and quantity in Seoul. Nowadays, groundwater in Seoul is being extracted for construction, industrial use, and drinking and so on. There are 15, 714 wells in Seoul and its annual usage is 41, 425, 977m$^3$(in 2001). Therefore, systematic studies are needed to properly manage and use the groundwater in Seoul. The purposes of this study in progress are to identify geochemical characteristics of groundwater in Seoul and to determine the extent of groundwater contamination and its relationship with urban characteristics. For this study, groundwater was sampled from more than 400 preexisting wells that were randomly selected throughout the Seoul area. For all samples, major cations together with Si, Al, Fe, Pb, Hg For 200 samples among them, TCE, PCE, BTEX were also analyzed by GC. Our study shows that groundwater types of Seoul are distributed broadly from Ca-HCO$_3$ type to Ca-Cl＋NO$_3$ type. The latter type indicates anthropogenic contamination. Among cations, Ca is generally high in most samples. In some samples, Na and K are dominant. The dominant anions change widely from HCO$_3$ to Cl＋NO$_3$. The anion composition is considered to effectively indicate the contribution of distinct anthropogenic sources. In addition, major ions are positively proportional to total dissolved solid (TDS) except K and NO$_3$. Thus, we consider that TDS may be used as an effective indicator of the extent of pollution. However, the increase of TDS may result from increased water-rock interaction. To determine the extent of groundwater contamination, it is needed to figure out the baseline water quality in Seoul. Furthermore, detailed geochemical studies are required to find out pollution sources and their corresponding hydrochemical parameters.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2007

After introducing various aspects of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) being planned and established in the US, the author tries to suggest the future direction for the development of similar activities of the NEON to be carried out in the region of East Asia including Korea. A review was carried out in terms of the challenges, major questions, missions, developmental history, and some other specifics of the NEON design. It was further extended to the discussion of the issues for the regional construction of the Ecological Observatory Network (EON) in East Asia. The author hopes that this review could be used as a preliminary guide in ultimately promoting and advancing research, science and technology in conservation and preservation of ecosystems being degraded due to anthropogenic disturbances in the region of East Asia.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2010

기장 연안 해조류의 해조상 및 군집 구조를 분석하기 위해서 2006년 8월과 2009년 8월에 연구를 수행하였다. 해조류는 녹조류 6종, 갈조류 10종, 홍조류 38종 등 총 54종의 서식이 확인되었다. 이 중 35종의 해조류가 각각의 조사 시기에 공통적으로 출현하였다. 평균 현존량은 2006년에 $616.0\;g\;m^{-2}$에서 $1,462.4\;g\;m^{-2}$였고, 2009년에는 $354.8\;g\;m^{-2}$에서 $965.6\;g\;m^{-2}$이었다. 현존량이 가장 높은 지역은 문동이었고, 가장 낮은 곳은 서암(2006년)과 동백(2009년)이었다. 출현 해조류를 6개의 기능형으로 구분하면, 성긴분지형이 58.7%와 58.1%, 다육질형이 10.9%와 11.6%, 사상형이 13.0%와 9.3%, 각상형이 6.5%와 9.3%, 엽상형이 6.5%와 7.0%, 유절산호말형이 4.3%와 4.7%로 나타났다. 생태지수인 R/P, C/P, (R+C)/P 값은 2006년에 4.00, 0.75, 4.75와 2009년에 5.17, 1.00, 6.17로 나타났다. 2006년과 2009년의 자료를 분석했을 때, 기장 연안의 해조류 출현 종 수와 현존량은 유사하였다. 이러한 자료로 볼 때, 기장 연안에서 시행된 소규모 공사 전, 후인 2006년과 2009년의 해조류 종 다양성에는 변화가 나타나지 않은 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2018

Understanding the composition of the dam inflow can improve the efficiency of dam operation considering the seasonal characteristics. Hydrograph analysis is one of the methods to identify the characteristics of dam inflow. In addition, baseflow separation on the dam inflow can be affected by anthropogenic influences depending on dam locations. In this regard, the objectives of this study are 1) to analyze yearly and monthly baseflow contribution to the dam inflow and 2) to compare the baseflow contribution to the inflow in dams located upstream and downstream of the watershed. The result shows that the estimated baseflow index was smaller in the upstream dams compared to the downstream dams. Discharge from the upstream water infrastructure including dams and reservoirs can be a part of inflow into the downstream water infrastructure. Based on this scenario, the discharge regulated from the upstream dam could lead to overestimation of baseflow contribution to inflow into the downstream dam. We expect that the results from this study elucidate the role and function of dams and hence, contribute to the efficient operation of dams located in the upstream and the downstream of the watershed.