• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2024

Anthracnose fruit rot (AFR) has been observed in greenhouses during the harvesting period in the Chungnam Province of South Korea. Fruits infected inside the greenhouse show black or brown spots, orange conidial masses and in some areas of the infected parts, white fungal growths are visible. The size of these spots gradually expands, leading to the necrosis of the fruits and flowers. Three isolates were obtained from infected fruits and identified as strains of the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex based on morphological characteristics. Multilocus sequence analysis of actin, chitin synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes, and internal transcribed spacer rDNA regions revealed that the isolates belong to a monophyletic group with the type strain of C. nymphaeae. This is the first time C. nymphaeae has been confirmed in strawberry fruit in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.25-27
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• 2003

Since 1993, a total of 50 problematic plant diseases unrecorded in Korea were surveyed in Gyeongnam province. Totally 34 new host plants to corresponding pathogens investigated in this study were 5 fruit trees, 9 vegetables, 12 ornamental plants, 3 industrial crops, and 5 medicinal plants. Among the newly recorded fruit tree diseases, fruit rot of pomegranate caused by Coniella granati and Rhizopus soft rot of peach caused by Rhizopus nigricans damaged severely showing 65.5% and 82.4% infection rate. Among the vegetable diseases, corynespora leaf spot of pepper caused by Corynespora cassiicola and the crown gall of pepper caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, powdery mildew of tomato caused by Oidiopsis taurica were the most severe revealing 47.6%, 84.7%, and 54.5% infection rate in heavily infected fields, respectively. In ornamental plants, collar rot of lily caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, gray mold of primula caused by Botrytis cinerea, soot leaf blight of dendrobium caused by Pseudocercospora dendrobium, sclerotinia rot of obedient plant caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum showed 32.7 to 64.8% disease incidence. On three industrial plants such as sword bean, broad bean, and cowpea, eight diseases were firstly found in this study. Among the diseases occurring on broad bean, rust caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae and red spot caused by Botrytis fabae were the major limiting factor for the cultivation of the plant showing over 64% infection rate in fields. In medicinal plants, anthracnose of safflower caused by Collectotrichum acutatum was considered the most severe disease on the plant and followed by collar rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii.(중략)

• Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology : HEB
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.847-856
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• 2018

This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hot water ($43-53^{\circ}C{\cdot}5min^{-1}$; $47^{\circ}C{\cdot}2-6min^{-1}$), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at $50-300nL\;L^{-1}$ and a combination of hot water ($47/49^{\circ}C{\cdot}5min^{-1}$) and phosphite $40%\;P_2O_5+20%\;K_2O$;$40%\;P_2O_5+10%\;Zn$) in anthracnose control and the effect on fruit quality [fresh weight loss (FWL-%); pH, total soluble solids ($TSS-^{\circ}Brix$), and titratable acidity (TA = % citric acid (CA)] of passion fruit ( Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa ) at the postharvest stage. When the fruits were in the stage of 0% dehydration and fully yellow peels, they were disinfested and inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. They were then subjected to the above mentioned treatments; this was followed by incubation for 120 h. The diameter of the disease lesions was monitored daily. After the incubation, a physico-chemical analysis was performed. Hot-water treatment resulted in disease reduction at 47 and $49^{\circ}C$ for 4 and 5 min. The combination of hot-water treatment at $47^{\circ}C$ (4 or 5 min) and application of the phosphite of K or Zn significantly reduced disease severity in fruits. The 1-MCP treatment reduced anthracnose severity in passion fruit mainly at $200nL\;L^{-1}{\cdot} 24h^{-1} $. None of the treatments significantly changed the physico-chemical characteristics of the fruit [FWL (2.6-4.1%); pH (3.2-3.5), TSS ($8.9-10.9^{\circ}Brix$), and TA (1.8-2.5% CA)].

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.184-191
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• 2017

The anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum species is well-known as a major plant pathogen that primarily causes fruit rot in pepper and reduces its marketability. Thirty-five isolates representing species of Colletotrichum were obtained from chili fruits showing anthracnose disease symptoms in Chungcheongnam-do and Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea. These 35 isolates were characterized according to morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence data of internal transcribed spacer, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase, and ${\beta}$-tubulin. The combined dataset shows that all of these 35 isolates were identified as C. scovillei and morphological characteristics were directly correlated with the nucleotide sequence data. Notably, these isolates were recorded for the first time as the causes of anthracnose caused by C. scovillei on pepper in Korea. Forty cultivars were used to investigate the pathogenicity and to identify the possible source of resistance. The result reveals that all of chili cultivars used in this study are susceptible to C. scovillei.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 1995

Occurrence and incidences of major diseases of peach (Prunus persicae pv. vulgaris), leaf curl caused by Taphrina deformans, bacterial shot hole caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni, brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola, and anthracnose caused by Glomerella cingulata in peach orchards in Cheongdo and Kyungsan areas of Gyeongbuk province, Korea, were investigated for four years from 1990 to 1993. In leaf curl and bacterial shot hole which mainly occurred on leaves, frist disease occurrences were dated from late April to early May. The maximum leaf curl incidence was dated in mid May, while dates of the maximum bacterial shot hole incidence varied from mid May to mid August depending on the years surveyed. In brown rot and anthracnose on fruit, the first disease occurrence dates ranged from early June to early August; however, the maximum disease incidences for both were invariably dated in late August. The disease incidences on the dates of the maximum incidences differed year by year, and the averages for the 4 years were 13.2%, 10.5%, 10.9% and 3.8% for leaf curl, bacterial shot hole, brown rot and anthracnose, respectively. Especially in the leaf curl disease, the first disease occurrence dates and the maximum disease incidences matched with the amounts of precipitation of rain up to April, suggesting that the disease occurrence may be related to the precipitation during the early season. The occurrence of leaf curl was somewhat higher in cultivar“Baekmi”than other cultivars. All of the major disease occurred more in hilly orchards than in plain ones.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.242-248
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• 2016

This research was conducted to determine the effects of four different substrates, expanded rice hulls (ERH), commercial substrates for strawberries (CSS), clay sand (CS), and loamy sand (LS), on the inhibition of anthracnose crown rot (ACR) in strawberry. Mother plants of 'Seolhyang' strawberry were transplanted into an elevated bed in March, 2013 and March, 2014 and the runners connecting mother plants and daughter plants were cut in early August of both years. After separation, growth characteristics of the daughter plants were measured and then each daughter plant was inoculated with conidial suspensions of Colletotrichum fructicola, one of several species of Colletotrichum that causes ACR in strawberries. The incidence of ACR as influenced by the different substrates was investigated in both years. The daughter plants grown on CSS had the highest values for shoot height, leaf area, and fresh weight. Those grown on ERH and LS substrates also displayed good above-ground growth characteristics except for fresh weight, but the daughter plants grown on CS had the poorest above-ground growth characteristics. The ERH and CS treatments resulted in the highest number of primary roots and the greatest root weight. The CSS-grown daughter plants had the highest ACR disease index, followed by the CS and LS treatments, but there were no significant differences among the three substrates. However, the ERH-grown daughter plants had a markedly lower ACR disease index on October 11, 2013 and October 7, 2014. The CSS-grown daughter plants had high nitrogen and potassium contents and low calcium content, whereas the ERH-grown daughter plants had low nitrogen levels and high silicon levels. The results of this study provide basic information on the ability of the different substrates tested to provide disease suppression of ACR in the propagation of strawberry transplants.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.133-147
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• 2020

Hexanal, a C-6 aldehyde has been implicated to have antimicrobial properties. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the antifungal activities of hexanal vapor against major postharvest pathogens of banana viz., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The pathogens were cultured in vitro and exposed to hexanal vapor at 600, 800, 1,000 and 1,200 ppm. Mycelial growth of both fungal pathogens were inhibited completely at 800 ppm and the incidence of anthracnose and stem-end rot diseases reduced by 75.2% and 80.2%, respectively. The activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and glucanase had transiently increased in hexanal vapor treated banana by 5 to 7 days and declined thereafter. Postharvest treatment of banana with hexanal vapor resulted in phospholipase D inhibition and also resulted in cell wall thickening of the treated fruit, which impeded the penetration of the pathogenic spores. This was further confirmed by scanning electron micrographs. The defense-related protein intermediaries had increased in hexanal vapor treated banana fruit, which suggests induced resistance against C. gloeosporioides and L. theobromae, via., the phenylpropanoid pathway which plays a significant role in hindering the pathogen quiescence. Delayed ripening due to inhibition of phospholipase D enzyme, inhibition of mycelial growth and induced systemic resistance by defense enzymes collectively contributed to the postharvest disease reduction and extended shelf life of fruit.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.153-157
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• 1984

In order to investigate an etiological characteristics of the pepper anthracnose fungus infected with Collectotrichum dematium, this experiment was undertaken. Isolation percent of the fungus was 55.3% from the seed sample of Jewon and 0.3% from that of Eumsung Kun, according to seed health blotter method. Although the acervulus was similar to the known two Colletotricum species, C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides, setae was not only straightly extended above the acervulus, but also shaped as falcate conidia ranging $12{\sim}31.2{\times}2.4{\sim}4.8{\mu}m$. Acervului of the fungus were evenly scattered on the surface of pepper seed coat, and caused seedling blight after seed germination. Pre-and post-emergence seedling blight as well as foliar lesion and fruit rot was confirmed by inoculating conidial suspension. No typical anthracnose sysmptom was obtained from soybean seedlings, welsch onion and spinach seedlings upon inoculation. Therefore, this fungus is said to the undescribed form species of the fungus of pepper in Korea (Colletotricum dematium f. sp. capsicum).

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2003

The year of 2002 was very unusual in climatic condition. Warm winter weather, high temperature and drought in March and April, little precipitation in June and early and mid-July and, nearly continuous rain-falls from late July to whole period of August accompanied with low temperature and insufficient sunshine in 2002 resulted in unfavorable conditions for plant growth in one way or another, In relation to the unusual weather, in general, diseases associated with low temperature, poor radiation and much rainfall occurred severely in this year, In rice, incidence of bacterial grain rot, and false smut increased sharply, whereas other major diseases including blast occurred mildly due mainly to the reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer, In vegetables, potato and sweet potato, and fruit trees, incidence of diseases was largely dependent on climatic condition of growth period in particular crops. However, diseases favored low temperature and much rainfall, such as Phytophthora disease increased markedly compared to those of normal years, while anthracnose and soft rot tended to decrease significantly.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.497-503
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• 2018

A strawberry variety 'Arihyang' was derived as an artificial cross between 'Tochiotome' and 'Seolhyang' in 2014. The seedling and line selections were conducted from 2014 to 2015. Preliminary and advanced yield trials of '14-5-5,' which was the final selected line, were conducted from 2015 to 2017. 'Arihyang' is suitable for forced cultivation and has strong plant vigor, uniformly large-sized fruit, and a high yield compared to those of the check variety, 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang.' Especially, vitamin C was at a significant level, which was approximately 15% higher than that of 'Seolhyang.' The average number of flowers per first flower cluster was 10.5, which could reduce the labor of thinning fruit. Its fruit has a conical shape, dark red color, and glossy skin. The fruit was of good quality but has recommendations for harvest at the fully ripened stage. 'Arihyang' has intermediate resistant to phytophthora crown rot, but is susceptible to powdery mildew, gray mold, anthracnose, and fusarium wilt. It is reguired to manage major diseases and pests using optimum cultivation techniques and chemical control.