• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.80-81
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• 2017

The study conducted a thermal conductivity test of magnesium oxide to manufacture boards using absorbent to produce board of radon gas molecules that are absorbed into the indoor air pollutants, which are currently in question, among other indoor air pollutants. Using material are the vermiculite and anthracite, in case of the vermiculite, which results in large porosity due to the expansion, in case of the anthracite, which characteristic generates pore on the matrix. As a result of the experiment, the lowest value was given to 0.6161 kcal/mh℃ which adding vermiculite 10% and anthracite 40%. However, adding vermiculite 40% and anthracite 10%, slightly higher 0.7229 kcal/mh℃, it is deemed the anthracite has more porosity than the vermiculite and, it judged that pore occurrence during the mixing process, appeared that the heat conductivity go down.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.557-564
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• 2000

This study is aimed to develop the adsorbent which can effectively remove toxic hydrophobic organic compounds from the aqueous phase. The emphasis was made to elucidate the adsolubilization behavior of sparingly soluble organic compounds (SSOCs) into the cetyltrimetylammonium bromide(CTAB) layer formed on anthracite by the partition coefficient. The amount of SSOCs removed from aqueous solution was increased with increase of the amount of CTAB coated on the surface and wich increase of SSOCs's hydrophobicity. With the surface-modified solid shown in above. chloroform and benzene at the initial concentration of $6{\times}10^{-4}M$ were removed over 95%. Experimentally determined partition coefficient($K_d$) values between organo-anthracite and organics were 4~25 times higher than theoretical $K_d$ values of same organics Organo-anthracite formed by the addition of the CTAB can effectively immobilize organic contaminants dissolved in landfill leachate and can also be applicable to wastewater treatment containing toxic hydrophobic organic compounds such as chloroform and benzene.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.28-36
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• 1996

The objects of this study were to investigate emissions of air pollutant the particles as well as the combustibility of the low grade domestic anthracite coal and imported high-calorific bituminous coal in the fluidized bed coal combustor. The production of air pollution from anthracite-bituminous coal blend combustion in a fluidized bed coal combustor was evaluated. The effects of air velocity and anthracite fraction on the reaching time of steady state condition was also evaluated. We used coal samples the domestic low grade anthracite coal with heating value of 2,010 kcal/kg and the imported high grade bituminous coal with heating value of 6,520 kcal/kg. The experimental results are presented as follows. The time of reaching to steady state was affected by the temperature variation. The steady state time was about 120 minute at 0.3 m/s which was the fastest. It has been found that $O_2$ and $CO_2$ concentration were reached steady state at about 100 minute. As the height of fluidized bed becomes higher, the concentration s of $SO_2$ and $NO_x$ mainly increased. The concentration of freeboard was the highest and emission concentration was diminished. Also, as anthracite fraction increased, the emission of $SO_x$ concentration was increased. But, it has been found that the variation of $NO_x$ concentration with anthracite fraction was negligible and the difference of emission concentration according to air flow rates was negligible, too. It has been found that $O_2$ concentration decreased and $CO_2$ concentration increased as the height of fluidized bed increased. As anthracite fraction increased, the mass of elutriation particles increased, and $CO_2$ concentration decreased. Also, as air velocity increased, $O_2$ concentration decreased and $CO_2$ concentration increased. Regardless-of anthracite fraction and flow rate, the combustible weight percentage in elutriation particles were high in the case of fine particles.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.267-276
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• 1997

It has been studded that combustion and the production of air pollution of anthracite - bituminous coal blend In a fluidized bed coal combustor, The objects of thIns study were to investigate mixing characteristics of the particles as well as the combustibility of the low grade domestic anthracite coal and Imported h19h calorific bltununous coal in the fluidized bed coal combustor. They were used as coal samples ; the domestic low grade anthracite coal with heating value of 2,010kca1/kg and the Imported high grade bituminous coal with beating value of 6,520kca1/kg. Also, the effects of air flow rate and anthracite fraction on the reaching time of steady state condition have been studied. The experimental results are presented as follows. The time of reaching to steady state was affected by the temperature variation. The steady state time was about 120 minute at 300sc1h which was the fastest. It has been found that $O^2$ and $CO^2$ concentration were reached steady state at about 100 minute. It has been found that $O^2$ concentration decreased and $CO^2$ concentration increased as the height of fluidlzed bed Increased. It was found that splash zone was mainly located from 25cm to 35cm above distributor. Also, as anthracite traction Increased, the mass of elutrlatlon particles Increased, and $CO^2$ concentration decreased. As gk flow rate Increased,$O^2$ concentration decreased and $CO^2$ concentration increased. Regardless of anthracite fraction and flow rate, the uncombustible weight percentage according to average diameter of elutriation particles were approldmately high In the case of One Particles. As anthracite traction and k now rate Increased, elutriation ratio Increased. As anthracite fraction was increased, exit combustible content over feeding combustible content was Increased. Regardless of anthracite fraction, size distribution of Ued material from discharge was almost constant. Over bed temperature 85$0^{\circ}C$ and excess air 20% , the difference of combution efficiencies were little. It is estimate that the combustion condition In anthracite-bituminous coal blend combustion is suitable at the velocity 0.3m/s, bed temperature 85$0^{\circ}C$, the excess air 20%.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2013

In this study, the anthracite coal being used as fuel in Korea were classified into different types. These types include the domestically produced anthracite, imported anthracite used as raw material, and imported anthracite used as fuel. Each of the calorific values and greenhouse gas emission factors were calculated. The calculation of greenhouse gas emission factors resulted in the domestically produced anthracite as $111,477{\pm}4,508kg\;CO_2/TJ$, the imported anthracite used as raw material as $108,358{\pm}4,033kg\;CO_2/TJ$, and anthracite used as fuel was displayed as $103,927{\pm}8,367kg\;CO_2/TJ$. Additionally, the amount of greenhouse gas emission based on these calculated emission factors was displayed as $6,216,942ton\;CO_2$, which resulted as 12.7% lower than the green house gas emission amount which was calculated without distinguishing anthracite coal in details. Therefore, collecting activity data through a detailed classification of anthracites facilitate a more accurate calculation of greenhouse gas emission amount compared to collecting activity data through combination. Furthermore, since the anthracite coal used domestically possesses characteristics differing from the anthracite coal proposed by the IPCC, anthracite coal should be classified for each purpose and calculated for the improvement of the national greenhouse gas inventory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

The characteristics of co-combustion of Korean anthracite and bituminous coal was determined in a TGA and a lab-scale CFB reactor. The combustion reactivity of Korean anthracite (E = 51.2 kcal/mol) was much lower than that of bituminous coal (E = 14.5 kcal/mol). As the addition amount of the bituminous coal into the anthracite was increased, the reactivity of the anthracite was found to be improved. The effluent rate of the emission gases from the CFB reactor was not changed appreciably when each coal burned. As the bituminous coal was added, however, the effluent rate of the emissions was increased. The unburned carbon in fly ash from the CFB reactor was decreased with increasing the ratio of bituminous coal in co-combustion. But as the ratio of the bituminous coal was larger than 40 %, the combustion reactivity was not increased any more.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.40-63
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• 2015

Anthracite exports have special value within the DPRK's economy. In this paper, we focus on what determines the DPRK's anthracite exports to China. We use panel data consisting of cross-section data from 30 provinces in China and quarterly time-series data from 1998 to 2013. Controlling for all other variables that affect anthracite imports, the variable for steel production in China is robust and statistically significant. This is consistent with on-site interviews which indicate that much of North Korean anthracite is consumed by China's steel industry. This implies that the North Korean authorities need to make adjustments to the foreign trade structure, as the import demand for anthracite in China may decline further.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.252-257
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• 1975

This experimental study was carried out to examine the utilization of the anthracite ash as a fertizer. It was found that the ash had very small amount of the soluble matters in 2% citric acid solution therefore it is proved ineffective as a fertilizer. When the small amount of calcinated dolomite was added to the anthracite, it was observed that the resulting ash showed much increased solubility of magnesium, calcium, sulfur and silica etc in the citric acid solution. So it is concluded that the ash of the mixture of anthracite and calcinated dolomite would be one of the useful soil-conditioner and supplyer of nutrients.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.193-197
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• 1975

In the combustion process, it is found that the addition of small amount of hydroxide of alkali and alkaline earth metal to the anthracite is more effective in order to suppress the evolution of $SO_2 gas, since the large portion of sulfur contained in anthracite is remained in the ash with a form of sulfide and sulfate. Under this experimental condition, however, it was observed that the SO_2$ gas corresponding to about 20 % of sulfur content in anthracite was released at $1000^{\circ}C$.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.16-23
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• 2004

To increase the recycling rate of anthracite fly ash, the properties of anthracite fly ash were compared to that of bituminous fly ash. Especially, the high temperature properties of the fly ash are investigated by using thermal analysis, high temperature microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis for utilizing anthracite fly ash to prepare the calcinated bricks. The average ratio of $A1_2$$O_3$/$SiO_2$ for anthracite is 0.62 and the ratio for bituminous is 0.34. The content of $SiO_2$ in anthracite fly ash was higher than that of bituminous fly ash. The $A1_2$$O_3$ of anthracite fly ash reacted with the $A1_2$$O_3$ in the fly ash and formed new mullite crystal at over $1000^{\circ}C$, so anthracite fly ash showed high fire resistance. And, the fly ash mixtures having kaolin were prepared, and then extruded in vacuum to evaluate the extruding property of anthracite fly ash mixture. The extruding velocity was decrease with increasing the addition amount of fly ash in the mixture, and the maximum addition amount of fly ash that could be extruded was 60 wt%.