• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.395-403
• /
• 1994

To find out the antero-posterior morphology of the upper face in Angle's class III malocclusion patients, 90 patients, adults in Heilman's Dental age, were used as samples and following results were obtained after the relative comparision of antero-posterior relationship of upper facial structures between Angle's class I malocclusion patients and Angle's class III malocclusion patients and of antero-posterior size of upper facial structures to horizontal and vertical structures in each patients. 1. After comparison of the distance from PMV line to anterior margin of maxillary sinus and cheek, which determines the antero-posterior position of the upper face, upper face in Angle's class III patients are underdeveloped relative to Angle's class I patients. The distance between orbitale and anterior margin of maxillary sinus were greater in Angle's class I patients, whic implies thart the upper face in Angle's class III are depressed. 2. Antero-posterior dimension of anterior cranial base from PMV line and vertical dimension of upper face are statistically insignificant between two groups. After comparing antero-posterior position of upper face to anterior cranial base, the upper face in Angle's class Et patients are depressed antero-posteriorly in relation to anterior cranial base. Following the comparision of antero-posterior position of upper face in relation to vertical dimension of upper face, the upper face in Angle's class III patients seem to be narrow antero-posteriorly

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.141-154
• /
• 1988

This study was designed to investigate the difference between craniofacial characteristics of the normal occlusion and those of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion. The sample was divided into 2 groups, the 50 subjects of Normal occlusion, the 50 subjects of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion in both sexes. Both groups aged from 11 to 14 years. The results of this study were as follows; 1. No significant difference was observed in cranial base shape between both groups, but anterior cranial base size of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion group was larger than that of normal group. 2. No significant difference in antero-posterior position of Maxilla to cranial base was founded between both groups. 3. No difference in Mandibular shapes and Mandibular plane angles to the cranial base was observed between Class II Div. 1 malocclusion and normal occlusion, but Mandibular position in Class II Div. 1 malocclusion was posterior to that of normal group. 4. Antero-posterior relationship of Maxilla and Mandible was significant difference between both groups, but vertical relationship of those was no difference. 5. Maxillary incisor position to cranial base of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion was anteior to normal occlusion, and Maxillary posterior teeth was posterior. Mandibular incisor and mandibular posterior teeth position was no difference. 6. Upper and lower lip position to esthetic line of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion was anterior to normal occlusion.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 2000

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to setup a standard treatment protocol in surgical correction of skeletal malocclusion with Angle Class III patients. We asessed the soft tissue changes according to skeletal changes of patients who have undergone orthognathic surgery with bilateral split sagittal ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) and advancing genioplasty. Materials & Methods : The soft tissue change of 9 skeletal Class III patients was assessed after BSSRO and advancing genioplasty. The patient group was skeletal Class III who was surgically treated by BSSRO & advancing genioplasty. The average follow up period is 13 months with the range of 6 and 30 months. All patients have undergone preoperative and postoperative orthodontic treatment. The assessment was devided into two groups. One was antero-posterior relationship and the other was vertical relationship of dimensional changes of soft tissue after orthognathic surgery. Results : In antero-posterior dimensional changes after surgery, the percentage of soft tissue change in comparison to hard tissue was 89%. Vertical ratio after surgery, 86% soft tissue changes were assessed.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.291-297
• /
• 2003

정상교합아동과 III급 부정교합아동의 측모두부방사선 사진을 통해 악골의 전후방적, 수직적 부조화를 나타내는 계측치를 비교, 유의성 여부를 검정하고, 계측치간의 상관관계 및 판별력을 비교분석 하고자 하였다. 조기치료가 요구되는 III급 부정교합을 가진 성장기 아동의 진단 및 치료계획 수립 시 도움이 되는 결과를 얻고자 전남대학교병원 소아치과에 내원한 7세에서 9세사이의 전치부 반대교합을 보이는 III급 부정교합아동 73명과 광주지 역 초등학교에 재학 중인 안모가 단정하고 전신건강이 양호하며, 교정이나 보철치료를 받지 않는 정상교합아동 73명을 대상으로 측모두부방사선 사진을 촬영하여 III급 부정교합아동과 정상교합아동에 대해 APDI, WITS, ANB와 SN-MP, ODI, PFH/AFH, Y-axis, SUM의 8개 계측치를 이용하여 비교분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. III급 부정교합아동과 정상 교합아동간에는 PFH/AFH와 Y-axis를 제외한 APDI, WITS, ANB와 SN-MP, ODI, SUM의 모든 계측치에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 2. 악골의 전후방적 부조화를 나타내는 APDI, WITS, ANB와 수직적인 관계를 나타내는 SN-MP, ODI, PFH/AFH, Y-axis, SUM에서는 Y-axis, SUM과의 관계를 제외하고는 정상교합아동과 III급 부정교합아동 모두 유의한 상관관계를 가짐을 알 수 있다(p<0.01). 3. 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용시 악골의 전후방적 부조화를 나타내는 WITS, ANB, APDI의 Wald 통계치는 각각 7.12, 5.15, 0.74를 나타내었으며, 수직적 부조화를 나타내는 ODI, Y-axis PFH/AFH, SN-MP, SUM간의 분석 시에는 각각 28.35, 2.24, 1.38, 0.09, 0.09의 Wald 통계치를 나타내었다. 따라서, 정상 교합아동과 III급 부정교합아동을 판별하는데 유의한 진단치는 WITS와 ODI임을 알 수 있다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 2015

Objective: To compare condylar position and morphology among different vertical skeletal patterns. Methods: Diagnostic cone-beam computed tomography images of 60 adult patients (120 temporomandibular joints) who visited the orthodontic clinic of Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital were reviewed. The subjects were divided into three equal groups according to the mandibular plane angle: hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent groups. Morphology of the condyle and mandibular fossa and condylar position were compared among the groups. Results: The hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups showed significant differences in superior joint spaces, antero-posterior condyle width, medio-lateral condyle width, condyle head angle, and condylar shapes. Conclusions: Condylar position and morphology vary according to vertical facial morphology. This relationship should be considered for predicting and establishing a proper treatment plan for temporomandibular diseases during orthodontic treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.221-230
• /
• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate hard tissue cephalometric norms for Korean adults which can be implemented in surgical orthodontic treatment planning using selected horizontal reference plane especially for Koreans (Male: $SN-7.5^{\circ}$, Female: $SN-9.0^{\circ}$) and a simplified analytical method. 70 males and 70 females consisting of freshmen of Yonsei University from 1996 to 1997 and students from the Dental College of Yonsei University were chosen according to clinical examination and cephalometric analysis. The samples had normal profiles, normal anteroposterior skeletal relationship(ANB angle of $0^{\circ}$ to $4^{\circ}$ and Wits appraisal of -4.0mm to 0mm), and Class I molar and canine relationship. They had no missing or supernumerary teeth and had no experience of orthodontic or prosthetic treatment. After the selection of 23 landmarks and the construction of horizontal and vertical reference lines, 22 skeletal and 12 dental measurements were taken. These consisted of vertical and horizontal linear measurements and angular measurements. The results were as follows. 1. Mean and standard deviation of the measurements were calculated for males and females. 2. Most of the skeletal vertical measurements, and maxillary and mandibular length were bigger in males than females. Whereas anterior facial height ratio(N-ANS/ANS-Me) as well as maxillary and mandibular antero-posterior position in relation to the vertical reference line(N-perpendicular) showed no signigicant difference between sexes. 3. Maxillary and mandibular dental antero-posterior position in relation to the vertical reference line(N-perpendicular) showed no significant difference between sexes. 4. The upper incisor show(U1-Stms) was $2.1{\pm}1.7mm$ in males and $3.3{\pm}1.7mm$ in females. In this study, hard tissue cephalometric norms of Korean adults for orthognathic surgery were obtained.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.303-315
• /
• 1999

골격성 III급 부정교합자의 하악골 회전성장 양상이 하악이부 및 상하악절치부의 형태와 어떠한 관련이 있는지 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 하악 전돌의 악골부조화를 보이며 교정치료의 경험이 없는 골격성 III급 부정교합자 성인 남녀 86명을 Skieller등이 하악골 회전성장 양상을 파악하기 위해 제안한 방법을 통해 전방회전성장군과 후방회전성장군으로 분류하여, 골격성 III급 부정 교합자에서 하악골 회전성장 양상에 따른 골격관계, 하악이부의 형태와 상하악절치의 위치에 관하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전방회전성장군에서 후방회전성장군에 비해 수평적인 두개안면 골격관계에서 SNA, SNB가 모두 유의성 있게 크게 나타났다. 또한 수직적인 두개안면 골격관계에 대해서는 모든 항목에서 차이가 있었다. 2. 하악이부 및 상하악절치부 형태와 하악골의 회전성장 양상 사이의 관계에서는 후방회전성장군에서 하악절치가 더 설측경사되고, 하악절치의 치조부 순설폭경이 좁으며 상악절치의 치조부에서 구개평면까지의 거리가 더 증가되었다. 3. 하악평면을 기준으로 계측한 symphysis ratio는 전방회전성장군과 후방회전성장군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4. 하악골의 회전성장 양상과 하악이부 및 상하악절치부 형태에 대한 계측항목과의 상관분석에서, 후방회전성장 양상으로 성장할수록 overbite의 감소, 하악절치의 설측경사, 하악절치의 치조부 순설폭경 및 symphysis width의 감소가 나타났다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.861-869
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of nose profile with respect to skeletodental pattern, by measured and analyzed statistically the lateral cephalograms of 95 females (13 to 30 years old). Tge results were summerized as follows ; 1. The antero-posterior factors of the nose - nasofrontal angle, nasofacial angle, and dorsal length / ala length ratio were different among the malocclusion groups 2. There were no significant correlation between the the vertical nose factors and the skeletal factors 3. The Class I groups had a straight nose profile , the Class II groups had a convex profile ; the Class III groups had a concave profile.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.633-644
• /
• 1993

There has been so much controversies about the position of upper and lower jaws, and their first permanent molars in normal occlusion and Angle's class $I{\cdot}II{\cdot}III$ malocclusions. So, the purpose of this study is to compare the position of upper and lower jaws, and their first molars in normal occlusion and Angle's class $I{\cdot}II{\cdot}III$ malocclusions by lateral cephalometric analysis. The sample consisted of one hundred and twenty girls(thirty in each group) who had completed growth. The findings of this study were as follows : 1. In class I malocclusion, both maxilla and mandible were slightly posterior position than normal occlusion, but they showed harmonious relationship. 2. In class II malocclusion, the mandible was greatly retruded, and the maxilla was also slightly retruded to the cranial base as compared with normal occlusion. 3. In class III malocclusion, the maxilla was significantly retruded to the cranial base, but no significant difference was found in mandibular position as compared with normal occlusion. 4. The maxillary first molar was located at posterior position in class II malocclusion, and anterior position in class III malocclusion to the cranium, so that the rotation of mandible was influenced by that. 5. The mandibular first molar showed constant relationship to the mandible in all four groups, but different position to the cranial base in direct proportion to the mandibular position. 6. On the treatment planning of class III malocclusion, it seems to be better to promote the mandibular horizontal growth by inhibiting the vertical growth of maxillary molar area, and on the treatment planning of class III malocclusion, it seems to be better to promote the antero-inferior growth of maxilla mi to promote the mandibular vertical growth by inducing the vertical growth of maxillary molar area.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.350-359
• /
• 2005

Sagittal split ramus osteotomy(SSRO) has been commonly performed in the mandibular prognathism. The previous studies of the mandibular anatomy for SSRO have mostly been used in dry skull without consideration of age, sex or jaw relationship of patients. This study was performed to evaluate the location of mandibular canal and the anatomy of ramus, such as the location of mandibular lingula and the ramal bone marrow, which were associated with SSRO procedures, in the patients with mandibular prognathism and normal young adults by using computerized tomographs(CT) and 3D images. The young adults at their twenties, who were considered to complete their skeletal growth, and seen in the Department of Orthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Chonnam National University Hospital between March 2000 and May 2003, were selected. This study was performed in 30 patients (15men, 15women) who were diagnosed as skeletal class I normal relationship, and another 30 patients (15men, 15women) who were diagnosed as skeletal class III relationship upon clinical examination and lateral cephalometric radiographs. The patients were divided into 2 groups : Class I group, the patients who had skeletal class Ⅰ normal relationship(n=30, 15men, 15women), and Class III group, the patients who had skeletal class III relationship(n=30, 15men, 15women). Facial CT was taken in all patients, and pure 3D mandibular model was constructed by V-works version 4.0. The occlusal plane was designed by three points, such as the mesiobuccal cusp of both mandibular 1st molar and the incisal edge of the right mandibular central incisor, and used as a reference plane. Distances between the tip of mandibular lingula and the occlusal plane, the sigmoid notch, the anterior and the posterior borders of ramus were measured. The height of ramal bone marrow from the occlusal plane and the distance between mid-point of mandibular canal and the buccal or lingual cortex of the mandible in the 1st and 2nd molars were measured by V-works version 4.0. Distance(Li-OP) between the occlusal plane and the tip of mandibular lingula of Class III Group was longer than that of Class I Group in men(p<0.01), but there was no significant difference in women between both groups. Distance(Li-SN) between the sigmoid notch and the tip of mandibular ligula of Class III group was longer than that of Class I Group in men(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in women between both groups. Distance(Li-RA) between the anterior border of ramus and the tip of mandibular lingula of Class III Group was shorter than that of Class I Group in men and women(p<0.01). Distance(Li-RP) between the posterior border of ramus and the tip of mandibular lingula of Class III Group was slightly shorter than that of Class I Group in men(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in women between both groups. Distance(RA-RP) between the anterior and the posterior borders of ramus of Class III Group was shorter than that of Class I Group in men and women(p<0.01). Longer the distance(SN-AN) between the sigmoid notch and the antegonial notch was, longer the vertical ramal length above occlusal plane, higher the location of mandibular lingula, and shorter the antero-posterior ramal length were observed(p<0.01). Height of ramal bone marrow of Class III Group was higher than that of Class I Group in men and women(p<0.01). Distance between mandibular canal and buccal cortex of Class III Group in 1st and 2nd lower molars was shorter than that of Class I Group in men and women (p<0.05 in 1st lower molar in men, p<0.01 in others). These results indicate that there are some anatomical differences between the normal occlusal patients and the mandibular prognathic patients, such as the anterior-posterior length of ramus, the height of ramal bone marrow, and the location of mandibular canal.