• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.222-231
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• 2003

The ACL(Anterior cruciate ligament) is the smallest of the four main ligaments of the knee, but it is the primary stabilizer. Injuries have a tendency to occur when the foot is firmly planted and the knee is twisted. Any sports that requires acceleration, change of direction and deceleration can increase the chances of suffering an ACL tear. The incidence of severe knee sprains that involve the ACL are at an all-time high. Since 1980, the number of these injuries have increased at least three-fold. Although the rate of increase has been much less dramatic since the middle 1980s, even the ultra-modem releasable ski binding has not been able to start reducing the incidence of ACL injuries. An ACL injury prevention program developed for downhill skiers by the Vermont Safety Research group emphasized increasing awareness of situations that can potentially result in an ACL injury and pre-planning strategies if events, leading to these situations, begin to fall in place. As part of the above study by Ettlinger et al., an educational prevent program was developed to teach these principles and thus reduce the rate of serious knee injuries. Four thousand instructors and patrol at 20 ski resorts who received the training had a 62% decline in serious knee injuries compared to a similar group that did not receive this training. Whenever you fall, try not to fully straighten your legs. Don't try to get up until you've stopped sliding(unless you are try to avoid an obstacle or other skier). When you're down, stay down. And don't land on your hand. So, if you feel yourself falling: arms forward, ski plates together, hands over knee. Then you will be able to save your ACL.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the preoperative magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings with postoperative arthroscopic findings on meniscus injury with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Materials and Methods: We reviewed MRI images and arthroscopic findings of 225 patients treated by ACL reconstruction due to rupture, from February 2001 to November 2010. There were 154 cases of meniscus tear in arthroscopic findings. We examined the sensitivity for detecting meniscal tears varied with the presence of a rupture of the ACL, with the location of the tear within the meniscus, and among configurations of meniscal tears. Results: In the presence of a rupture of the ACL, the sensitivity of MRI was 0.88 for medial meniscal tears and 0.69 for lateral meniscal tears. And sensitivity of MRI was lowest in posterior horn and peripheral portion tears in lateral meniscus injury accompanying ACL rupture, sensitivity was low in anterior horn and flap shape tears in medial meniscus injury accompanying ACL rupture. Conclusion: In Meniscus injury with ACL rupture, a special attention shoulder given to the posterior horn and peripheral portion injury in lateral meniscus during arthroscopic surgery due to difficulty in detecting on MRI.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.67-79
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• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this study was to report the effect of Korean medical therapy on pain and dysfunction after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods : A 25-year-old man experienced severe pain after right ACL reconstruction surgery. He received Korean medical treatments such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, and physiotherapy from July 10, 2014 to August 2, 2014. Results : After the treatments, his visual analogue scale scores generally decreased and the range of motion of the right knee improved from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$. Furthermore, the Knee Infury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score increased from 99 to 142. Conclusion : The findings suggest that Korean medical treatments might be effectively used to treat pain and dysfunction after soft-tissue surgeries such as ACL reconstruction. Nevertheless, further research is warranted because of the limited sample size of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2005

With the increasing number of primary ACL reconstructions, revision surgery has become more frequent. Despite arthroscopic technique and treatment advancements, the current methods of reconstruction are far from perfect that a significant number of patients have an unsatisfactory. This article discusses the multiple mechanisms of failure of primary intra-articular ACL reconstruction and provides the orthopaedic surgeon with a systematic approach to the evaluation and treatment of failed ACL reconstructions.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2003

Although the number of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is increasing, complications after primary ACL reconstruction are more difficult to determine. Intraoperative and postoperative complications can lead to ultimate failure of a primary reconstructive procedure. Therefore, surgical success in ACL reconstruction requires detailed knowledge and technical advancements about ACL reconstruction. Preoperatively surgeon must pay attention to selection of grafts and methods of fixation, and intraoperatively, attention to the harvest of graft, passage of graft, intraarticuar placement of the graft, notchplasty, proper tensioning of the graft, and others. Postoperative complications must be detected early, including infection, abnormal healing responses, arthrofibrosis, graft rejection, and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Careful patient selection, appropriate surgical timing, careful surgical technique, and supervised preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation can minimize postoperative complications.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.658-663
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• 2008

The mechanical study on the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament(ACL, PCL) is of importance because the recent increase of outdoor and indoor activities is directly related to causing sport injuries on the knee joints. Constitutive models for many biological tissues have been known as hyperelasticitic models. The elastic behavior of ACL and PCL may be described by the free energy function which accounts for the matrix and the collagen fibers. This paper addresses a comparison of different types of the free energy function to the existing results.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.147-155
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of before and after application of silicone sleeve on balance and muscle strength in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction patients. Methods: 13 subjects who had one or more months after ACL surgery were involved. Dynamic balance, timed up and go (TUG), stair step, vertical jump, proprioception and isokinetic knee strength were measured while subjects under taped, untapped and silicone sleeve conditions. Results: For 30 seconds one-leg standing, there was a significant improvement under silicone sleeve on operated side with eyes open and both taping and silicone sleeve revealed similar effects with eyes closed (p<0.01). Application of silicone sleeve showed significant effects in proprioceptive function on the operated side compared to both taping and none (p<0.05). For stair step test, TUG and vertical jump was a tendency to improve after application of silicone sleeve, but no significant different. Muscle strength on operated side of quadriceps and hamstring was significantly improved compared with none or taping(p<0.05). Conclusion: Silicone sleeve application for ACL reconstruction patients was effective immediately on improving strength and balance. Therefore, depending on the intended use and the disease is considered appropriate use of silicone sleeve will be able to help prevention and functional movement.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2005

The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament tears is increasing as a result of the increasing participation of individuals of all ages in high-risk sports. Endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autogenous central third bone-patellar tendon-bone graft is the most commonly used method. With regard to BPTB graft as the go]d standard in ACL reconstruction, there are no data that refute this claim to date. Author reviewed the biomechanical properties, donor site morbidity and selection of the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft and described the surgical technique of endoscopic ACL reconstruction using BPTB autograft.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 1998

This study is retrospective analysis of 31 patients treated by arthroscopically assisted ACL reconstruction, from September 1995 to September 1996. ACL reconstructions using autogenous bone patellar tendon bone (B-PT-B) were done in 18 patients, and using hamstring tendon were done in 13 patients. We used four-stranded hamstring tendon grafts and fixed the grafts using Endobutton and screw. The mean postoperative Lysholm knee score was 87.2 points in B-PT-B. group, and 89.0 points in hamstring tendon group. There were no clinically significant results between two groups in Telos test, quadriceps atrophy, Lachman test, anterior drawer test and pivot shift test, but the incidences of anterior knee pain were lower in hamstring group. Four-stranded hamstring tendon graft showed enough stability and good functional outcome similar to that of patellar tendon graft, and had an advantage of quicker return of quadriceps function and less donor site morbidity.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of landing tasks on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk factors in female basketball players. Fifteen female basketball players performed a drop landing and a drop landing with a vertical jump on the 40 cm height box. Three-dimensional motion analysis system and ground reaction force system was used for calculate the ACL injury risk factors. Paired samples t-test with Bonfferoni correction were performed. The drop landing with a vertical jump had the higher knee flexion angle, peak knee varus moment, trunk flexion angle than a drop landing. However, the drop landing had the higher trunk rotation angle than a drop landing with a vertical jump. These results indicate that seemingly minor variations between drop landing and drop landing with a vertical jump may influence the ACL injury risk factors. Caution should be used when comparing studies using different landing tasks.