• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2016

Variability in precipitation due to climate change causes difficulties in securing stable surface water resource, which requires understanding of relation between precipitation and stream discharge. This study simulated stream discharge in a small mountainous forested catchment using antecedent precipitation index (API) models which represent variability of saturation conditions of soil layers depending on rainfall events. During 13 months from May 2015 to May 2016, stream discharge and rainfall were measured at the outlet and in the central part of the watershed, respectively. Several API models with average recession coefficients were applied to predict stream discharge using measured rainfall, which resulted in the best reflection time for API model was 1 day in terms of predictability of stream discharge. This indicates that soil water in riparian zones has fast response to rainfall events and its storage is relatively small. The model can be improved by employing seasonal recession coefficients which can consider seasonal fluctuation of hydrological parameters. These results showed API models can be useful to evaluate variability of streamflow in ungauged small forested watersheds in that stream discharge can be simulated using only rainfall data.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2008

Long term monitoring was conducted to investigate a surface runoff of pollution from urban highway. The monitoring data was collected for 18 rainfall events and was used to correlate pollution load to various parameters, such as rainfall intensity, antecedent dry days and total discharge flow. Runoff coefficient and seasonal variation were also evaluated. The mean runoff coefficient of the highway was 0.823(range; $0.4687{\sim}0.9884$), and wash-off ratio for $COD_{Mn}$ and SS loads was 72.6% and 64.3%, respectively. For the initial rainfall event, the runoff EMC of $COD_{Mn}$ was high in summer and the EMC of SS was high in autumn season. However the seasonal variation of T-N and T-P was not significant. The discharged $COD_{Mn}$-EMC was $147.6\;mg/L{\sim}9.0\;mg/L$ on the generated $COD_{Mn}$-EMC of $98.8\;mg/L{\sim}8.9\;mg/L$. While the generated EMC of SS was in $285.7\;mg/L{\sim}20.0\;mg/L$ and its discharged EMC was in $190.4\;mg/L{\sim}8.0\;mg/L$. EMC of pollutants was not directly related to the first flush rainfall intensity and the antecedent dry days. But the correlation was relatively high between EMC and cumulative runoff flow volume. The trend of EMC was reduced with the cumulative runoff flow volume.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2016

Purpose: There is a growing interest in rainwater runoff reduction effect of green roof, as flooding caused by increasing impervious surface is becoming more and more frequent in urban areas. This study was conducted to prove runoff reduction and runoff delay effect of the retentive green roof and to investigate its influencing factors to the rainfall events that occurred in the summer of 2013. Method: The experiment intended to monitor the runoff quantity of the retentive green roof($140m^2$) and normal roof($100m^2$) in #35 building in Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea for 75 days in 2013. Result: On analysis of 9 rainfall events, it showed that the retentive green roof has 24.8~100% of runoff reduction ratio, 21.2~100% of peak flow reduction ratio, 0.5~3.75 hours of peak delay, and $1.8{\sim}7.2m^3$ of retaining capacity in an area of $140m^2$. It shows different results depending on rainfall and antecedent dry days. The results show that runoff reduction effect is effective when the rainfall is less than 50 mm and antecedent dry day is longer than five days on average. By installing retentive green roofs on buildings, it can help mitigate urban floods and rehabilitate urban water cycle.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.415-438
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• 2007

There has been a gradual increase in distribution of counterfeit products and resulting damage cases from companies and consumers. It examines which antecedent variables have significant effects on consumer perceived satisfaction or regret. To test the related hypotheses, such antecedent variables as the utilitarian value, the hedonic value, legal regulations, and ethical mentality of consumers were examined and also did whether these factors have differences between Korean and Chinese consumers. Findings from the empirical analysis are as follows. First, Korean and Chinese consumers' perceived utilitarian value and hedonic value in counterfeit products in contrast to original products are found to have a positive influence on consumer perceived satisfaction with counterfeits while they have a negative influence on consumer perceived regret with counterfeits. Second, in the case of Korean consumers, the hypothesis that legal regulations on counterfeit products will influence the degree of regret with counterfeit products has been rejected. And it is found that the more ethical Korean consumers are, the more regretful for their post purchase they feel. Third, in the case of Chinese consumers, the hypothesis that legal regulations and ethical on counterfeit products will influence the degree of regret with counterfeit products has been rejected. Therefore, it can be said that the results in this paper provide significant implications for government policy, legal regulation and enforcement, and some need for a change in consumer consciousness and attitude as well as for marketing strategies of Korean and Chinese famous brand manufacturing companies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1357-1362
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• 2016

Metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is an uncommon cancer. The principal treatment consists of chemotherapy with or without surgery or radiotherapy. We here retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of metastatic GTN treated at our institute between January, 1999 and December, 2013. Sixty-three patients met the criteria. The median age was 30.0 years and almost 90% were referral cases. Nearly 40% of the studied patients presented with vaginal bleeding while 22.2% were asymptomatic. The most common antecedent pregnancy was hydatidiform mole (57.1%) followed by term pregnancy (20.6%). The median interval time from antecedent pregnancy to the development of GTN was three months and the median pretreatment B-hCG was 58,274 mIU/ml. Stage III (74.6%) was the most common staging followed by stage IV (20.6%) and stage II (4.8%). The most frequent surgery was hysterectomy (31.7%). Thoracotomy and craniotomy were performed in three and two patients, respectively. The most common first line chemotherapy regimen was methotrexate and folinic acid (36.5%) followed by EMA (etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D) (34.9%), EMACO (etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, vincristine) (17.5%) with the remission rate of 66.7%. Nearly one-third of the patients were given a subsequent chemotherapy regimen after failure with the first line therapy and showed a final response rate of 73.0%. However, in stage IV, the response to first line treatment was only 38.5%. In conclusion, the outcomes of metastatic GTN were poor especially with the higher stages.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1992년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국제학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 19-21 Oct. 1992
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• pp.265-271
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• 1992

It is the purpose of this paper to present a dialogical designing method for control system using a rough grasp of the unknown process property. We deal with a single-input single-output feedback control system with a fuzzy controller. The process property is roughly estimated by the step response, and the fuzzy controller is interactively modified according to the operator's requests. The modifying rules mainly derived from computer simulation are useful for almost every process, such as an unstable process and a non-minimum phase process. The fuzzy controller is tuned by taking notice of four characteristics of the step response: (1) rising time, (2) overshoot, (3) amplitude and (4) period of vibration. The tuning position of the controller is fourfold: (1) antecedent gain factor GE or GCE, (2) consequent gain factor GDU, (3) arrangement of the antecedent fuzzy labels and (4) arrangement of the control rules. The rules give an instance to the respective items of the controller in an effective order. The modified fuzzy PI controller realizes a good response of a stable process. However, because the GDU tuning becomes difficult for the unstable process, it is necessary to evaluate the stability of the process from the initial step response. The fuzzy PI controller is applied to the process whose initial step response converges with GDU tuning. The fuzzy PI controller with modified sampling time is applied to the process whose step response converges under the repeated application of the GDU tuning. The fuzzy PD controller is applied to the process whose step response never converges by the GDU tuning.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.147-167
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nonnative expectations of anger, sadness, fear, and shame in Korean culture by analyzing the textbooks for children's education in the Chosen Dynasty period. The method of this study was document analysis and the materials for analysis were the following four textbooks for children's education that involved individual ethics in everyday life based on Confucianism： 'Dongmongsenspj, 'Gyukmongyogyulj, 'Myungsimbogamj, and 'Sohakj. The analysis was focused on the antecedent events, emotional consequences, and emotional regulations in the emotional processes of anger, sadness, fear, and shame. According to the analysis, anger was caused by ought violations, especially sociomoral violations, and the expression of anger brought about undesirable results, and the inhibition of anger was expected as the regulation rule. Also, many methods of regulating anger were encouraged in the textbooks. For example, one of the regulating methods was to appraise a situation in such a way that anger would not arise. in other hand, sadness was allowed to be expressed only at the death of parents, and the expression of sadness stood for filial piety. Meanwhile, the antecedents of fear were the events to threaten self-esteem, which was mainly focused on keeping moral and social standards. Also the social consequence of fear led to observance of the social norms, and thereby could gain social approval. Therefore, the regulation rule was the enhancement of fear because of anticipated advantageous effects. Finally, the main cause of shame arousal was negative evaluation of self caused by bad performance of ethical or social standards. Accordingly, having shame could prevent wrong behaviors or transgressions which might break interpersonal connectedness, and the regulation rule of shame was to enhance this because of contributing to collective relationship.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5913-5916
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• 2015

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is the malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease. In non-metastatic GTN, the outcomes of treatment are impressive with methotrexate (MTX) or actinomycin D. We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of non-metastatic GTN treated at our center from January, 1999 to December, 2013. One hundred and nine patients were recruited to the study. The median age was 33.1 years and over 90% were referral cases. Abnormal vaginal symptoms developed in 37.6% while 56.4% were asymptomatic. The most common antecedent pregnancy was a complete mole (92.7%) with the median interval time from antecedent pregnancy to GTN development being 2.0 months. The median pretreatment B-hCG was 5,624 mIu/ml. The most common first line treatment was methotrexate (MTX) and folinic acid (91.7%) followed by weekly MTX (4.6%), etoposide+ MTX+actinomycin D (EMA) (2.8%), and actinomycin D (0.9%), with the median number of cycles at 5.0. The positive response to first line chemotherapy was 73.8%. The patients were given subsequent chemotherapeutic regimens after resistance to the first line therapy and showed a final remission rate of 89.9%.The significant factor that was frequently found in patients who were non-responders to the first line treatment was a hysterectomy procedure. Two patients developed lung metastasis and brain metastasis at one and four years after the first treatment, respectively. In conclusion, the outcomes of non-metastatic GTN were excellent. However, the patients need long term follow up due to the possibility of developing multiple organ metastases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup3호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2016

Iranian women are at high risk of low compliance with repeat mammography due to a lack of awareness about breast cancer, negative previous experiences, cultural beliefs, and no regular visits to a physician. Thus research is needed to explore factors associated with repeated mammography participation. Applying the concept of perceived risk as the guiding model, this study aimed to test the fit and strength of the relationship between perceived risk and physician recommendation in explaining repeat mammography. A total of 601 women, aged 50 years and older referred to mammography centers in region 6, were recruited via a convenience sampling method. Using path analysis, family history of breast cancer and other types of cancer were modeled as antecedent perceived risk, and physician recommendation and knowledge were modeled as an antecedent of the number of mammography visits. The model explained 49% of the variance in repeat mammography. The two factors of physician recommendation and breast self-examination had significant direct effects (P < 0.05) on repeat mammography. Perceived risk, knowledge, and family history of breast cancer had significant indirect effects on repeat mammography through physician recommendation. The results of this study provide a background for further research and interventions not only on Iranian women but also on similar cultural groups and immigrants who have been neglected to date in the mammography literature.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2020

일상에서 이용하는 모든 물건들이 네트워크 접속 기능을 갖추고, 이들이 긴밀하게 연동하면서 생활 및 업무의 편의성을 높이는 IoT(사물인터넷) 시대가 활짝 열렸다. 로봇도 IoT 환경에 맞춰 발전해야 하는 상황이다. 논문에서는 IoT 환경을 위한 다리가 있는 로봇 궤적을 생성하기 위해 새로운 형태의 EFM (진화 퍼지 머신)을 사용하는 방법에 대하여 다룬다. 퍼지 시스템은 비선형 시스템을 묘사하는 데 널리 사용되고 있다. 퍼지 시스템에서 퍼지 모델의 전반부 및 후반부 구조를 결정하는 것은 매우 중요한 문제이다. EFM은 다리가 달린 로봇을 위해 퍼지 시스템의 전반부 및 후반부 구조를 진화시켜 효율적으로 구조를 개선한다. 퍼지 시스템에서 각 구조의 로봇 궤적 매개 변수를 생성하고 EFM에 의해 자동으로 조정된다. 제안된 접근 방식은 다리가 있는 로봇에 적용하여 성능을 살펴본다.