• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1212-1216
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• 2014

This study aims to find out the best anode location for buried pipelines. Numerical simulation program known as CATPRO (Elsyca, Belgium) were used for confirming the best location of anodes and the effects of impressed current cathodic protection system. Applied conditions for numerical simulation were similar to on-site environmental conditions for optimal application of cathodic protection system. Used criterion of cathodic protection was NACE SP 0169, which describes that minimum requirement for cathodic protection is -850mV vs. CSE. Various layouts for anodes' installation were applied, which were distance between anodes, anode installation location, and applied current. The areas where cathodic protection potential was lower than -850mV vs. CSE was limited up to 50m from anode installation locations. It was founded numerical analysis obtain cost-effective and efficient cathodic protection methods before design and application the impressed cathodic protection system to on-site environment.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2007

The typical MCFC (molten carbonate fuel cell) anode is made of Ni-10%Cr alloy. The work of this paper is focused concerning long life of anode because Ni-10% Cr anode is suffering from sintering and creep behavior during cell operation. Therefore, Ni-coated Alumina powder($20{\mu}m$) was developed by electroless nickel plating. Optimum condition of electroless nickel coation on $20{\mu}m$ alumina is as follows: pH 11.7, temperature $65{\sim}80^{\circ}C$, powder amount $100cm^2/l$. The deposition rate for Ni-electroless plating was as a function of temperature and activation energy was evaluated by Arrhenius Equation thereby activation energy calculated slope of experimental data as 117.6 kJ/mol, frequency factor(A) was $6.28{\times}10^{18}hr^{-1}$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.32A no.7
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• pp.69-76
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• 1995

A new device structure has been developed for p-i-n switches. In this structure, the phosphorus-diffused n$^{+}$ layter adjacent to the boron-doped anode is used to short the p$^{+}$ anode-channel(i-region). This change in the anode electrode structure results in a significant improvement in the threshold voltage-to-holding voltage($V_{Th}/V_{h}$) ratio, which is due to the suppression of the hold injection from the anode by the n$^{+}$ layer. The shorted anode p-i-n devices of a 100 .mu.m channel length show an extremely high threshold voltage in the 250~300 V range and a low holding voltage in the 5~9 V range. These features of the device are expected to acdelerate their practical application to power switching circuits.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.44-51
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• 2009

In order to verify the effect of Surface Coating Anode and Solar Battery anode system, accelerated tests in the presence or absence of some chloride content and cracks were carried out. The potential-decay, protection potential and corrosion current density of reinforcing steel in concrete specimen were measured to evaluate the effectiveness of the system. From the test results, the application of the system led to the satisfaction on NACE's criterion in all mixtures of concrete. Additionally it was found that protection potential and corrosion current density were satisfied due to the application of Surface Coating Anode and Solar Battery anode system.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

The use of cathodic protection for metals can be achieved by sacrificial anode CP or impressed current CP, or a combination of both. Cathodic protection is a highly effective anti-corrosion technique for submerged metals or metals in soil. But because the non-immersion atmospheric automobile environment is a high resistance environment, it is limited by fundamental cathodic protection. However, the application of cathodic protection to automobiles is attractive because of the possibility of maintaining corrosion resistance while using lower-cost materials. A commercially available product for automobiles that uses both sacrificial anode CP and impressed current CP was tested in a periodic salt spray environment to investigate the performance of the devices. Experimental results show that the metal to be protected has different anti-corrosion effects depending on the distance from the anode of the device, but it is effective for the entire 120 cm long specimen exposed with one anode. The cathodic protection is effective because the conductive tape attached to the anode of the structure to be protected acts as a constant electrolyte in wet and dry conditions. The results show that the entire standard passenger car can be protected by cathodic protection with 4 anodes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1120-1128
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• 2004

The SCBFC was composed of bilayered cathode, the outside of which was modified with $Fe^{3+}$ (graphite-Fe(III) cathode) and the inside of which was porcelain membrane, and of an anode which was modified with $Mn^{4+}$ (graphite­Mn(lV) anode). The graphite-Fe(III), graphite-Mn(IV), and porcelain membrane were designed to have micropores. The outside of the cathode was exposed to the atmosphere and the inside was contacted with porcelain membrane. In all SCBFCS the graphite-Fe(III) was used as a cathode, and graphite-Mn(IV) and normal graphite were used as anodes, for comparison of the function between normal graphite and graphite-Mn(IV) anode. The potential difference between graphite-Mn(IV) anode and graphite-Fe(III) cathode was about 0.3 volt, which is the source for the electron driving force from anode to cathode. In chemical fuel cells composed of the graphite-Mn(IV) anode and graphite-Fe(III) cathode, a current of maximal 13 mA was produced coupled to oxidation of NADH to $NAD^{+}$ the current was not produced in SCBFC with normal graphite anode. When growing and resting cells of E. coli were applied to the SCBFC with graphite-Mn(IV) anode, the electricity production and substrate consumption were 6 to 7 times higher than in the SCBFC with normal graphite anode, and when we applied anaerobic sewage sludge to SCBFC with graphite-Mn(IV) anode, the electricity production and substrate consumption were 3 to 5 times higher than in the SCBFC with normal graphite anode. These results suggest that useful electric energy might possibly be produced from SCBFC without electron mediators, electrode-active bacteria, and extra energy consumption for the aeration of catholyte, but with wastewater as a fuel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.1043-1046
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• 2001

In this study, characteristics of LPB having gold anode fabricated by sputtering methode were analyzed. As results, The 1st efficiency and the impedance characteristics of LPB decreased with increased gold coated on anode and current collector. But the rate characteristics and charge-discharge cycling characteristics increased with increased gold coated on anode and current collector. During 2C discharge of the rate characteristics test, the rate characteristics of LPB without gold coated and the rate characteristics of LPB with gold coated in twice were 159mAh/g and 189mAh/g, respectively. The discharge capacity was gradually degreased with the discharge cycling to about 20th cycles. But LPB with gold coated in twice was stabilized than LPB without gold coated.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.51-55
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• 2009

We investigated that electrical and optical the properties of IZO thin film for OLED anode application. The IZO thin film was the deposited on the glass substrate by facing targets system as a function of substrate temperature. As a result, the electrical and optical property of IZO thin film prepared with $150^{\circ}C$ was most excellent. To confirm the suitability of the IZO thin film for OLED anode, we evaluated the performance of OLED with IZO/TPD/Alq3/LiF/Al fabricated on IZO anode. Also, the performance of OLED fabricated on IZO anode showed the most excellent at $150^{\circ}C$ substrate temperature.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.90-95
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• 2007

Cathodic protection technology has been widely used on ship's outer hull and inner side of ballast water tanks as a supplementary corrosion protection measure in combination with protective organic coatings. Impressed current cathodic protection system is typically opted for the ship's hull and, sacrificial anode system, for ballast water tanks. The anticipation and interest in cathodic protection system for ships has been surprisingly low-eyed to date in comparison with protective coatings. Computational analysis for the verification of cathodic protection design has been tried sometimes for offshore marine structures, however, in commercial shipbuilding section, decades old design practice is still applied, and no systematic or analytical verification work has been done for that. In this respect, over-rotection from un-erified initial design protocol has been also concerned by several experts. Especially, it was frequently reported in sacrificial anode system that even after full design life time, anode was remaining nearly intact. Another issue for impressed current system, for example, is that the anode shield area design for ship's outer hull should be compromised with actual application situation, because the state-of-the-art design equation is quite impractical from the applicator's stand. Besides that, in this study, some other critical design issues for sacrificial anode and impressed current cathodic protection system were discussed.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.280-281
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• 2009

Improving the visual contrast in OLED displays is another important issue to address with a significant technological implication. The use of a gradient refractive index anode shows promise for contrast improvements in OLEDs. This talk will discuss the progress in developing gradient refractive index TCO anode for application in high contrast OLEDs.