• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.121-141
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• 2017

The world whitening cosmetics market is fast being taken in 'complex functional cosmetics' including complex function. And highly functional cosmetics market that call cosmeceutical market is growing up with highly functional cosmetics market. In addition, natural cosmetics market including whitening function is growing up in the world in complex functional cosmetics. Distribution channel of the world functional cosmetics is digital communication through beauty and digital. Global companies are adding relationship in new space between customer and brand. So worldwide change phenomenon of whitening cosmetics distribution channel will suggest importance that it should be able to communication with customer in non-traditional space. Domestic whitening cosmetics market is decreasing to reference compound annual growth rate -3.61%. While complex type market is increasing to annual growth rate 33.28%. Since 2008, domestic whitening cosmetics market was changed in distribution channel of center of traditional door-to-door sales. Especially, online channel is about 1/6 level of offline, but since 2014, year-on-year increase rate of online showed 27.1%. In the future, it is anticipated that ratio of online sales is above offline. Whitening cosmetics distribution is being changed, and online channel is growing up, so domestic companies will need tragedy targeting new whitening cosmetics distribution channel and traditional offline channel at the same time. If new company go into whitening cosmetics market, the new company will have to consider natural cosmetics in complex functional cosmetics than whitening cosmetics market. To secure domestic competitiveness whitening cosmetics market, securing differentiation of brand or pursuing change of distribution channel, and we need to seek a method that company and customer can forge communication in new space.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.3
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• pp.385-421
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• 1997

This study was performed as placing stress on business plan preparation and investing economy analysis centered to cases upon presenting the premises of study for new foundation of food service business. The summarized results are as follows: 1. In the aspect of carrying out process of practical project, establishing the promotion strategy, the facility project program, the menu program, the facility and furniture program, organization & manning schedule, the business operation schedule, review of all laws & provisions and the allout promotion schedule in order were deployed. 2. Analysis of investing economy for review of profitability 1) In case of investment, excluding 600million for the real setate lease among the total investment of 1billion, it was required by 161, 235, 000 for interior project, 161, 110, 000 for facility & equipment, 19, 235, 000 for fittings, 27, 600, 000 for menu plate & uniform, 27, 600, 000 for furniture, 13, 800, 000 for sign article. 2) In case of loss & profit presumed the annual turnover is to be 1, 115, 856, 000 the contigent profit(before tax) is to be 148, 966, 000 which is 13.3% in comparson to the sales amount and the net profit(after tax) for this term s to be 104, 276, 000 which is 9.3% against the sales and the profitable ratio to the equity investment( 500 million) is 20.9% and it satisfies 20% of the premises of study. 3) In case of the payback period will be approximately two(2) years which indicated within three(3) years that is standard of new project evaluation term of ordinary enterprise. 4) In case of internal rate of return it will be 21.5% which is favorable profitability as taking into account of 15% that is standard of new project evaluation by ordinary enterprise based on general downtown money interest. That the investing value of Happy Day profitability is hinted as it is sufficient enough as the case under this study based upon such results and considered that securing supremacy is competitive power in case of commitment will be possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 2011

This study analyzed the content of special selling events in internet shopping malls to establish academic standards for special selling events as tools for sales promotions and to suggest systematic guidelines for marketers designing special selling events. Based on a content analysis, the titles of special selling events from four internet shopping malls selling women's apparel were analyzed. A total of 692 titles were analyzed. The results are as follow. First, the contents categories of special selling events could be classified into two groups such as 'theme' and 'tool'. Season, product characteristics, style, advice/information, brand, annual/social events, and marketing events were the main content categories that came under the 'theme' group; in addition, the price benefit, free offers, product mix, and marketing technique were the main content categories that came under the 'tool' group. Each main content category was subdivided into several segment content categories. Second, most of the titles were composed of more than two segment content categories that involved various information and benefits; however, the portion of titles composed of only theme related content categories or only tool related content categories was substantial. Furthermore, the theme related content categories were more than the tool related content categories. Third, the usage frequencies of the contents categories were analyzed. The upcoming season, single brand, sale/discount, item/material/color, special price/lowest price, and period/time/quantity limits were the segment content categories that held a high rank. Forth, most of the factors that evoked the unplanned purchases of consumers were related to the content categories of special sale events.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.642-663
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affect professor startups and their performances in Universities in Korea. We included 5 categories of factors: University's size and reputation, University's technology commercialization staff number and startup deregulation, University's resources for research and technology commercialization, University's patents and professors' publication, and student startups. We analyzed 150 Universities, using Korean government's Academyinfo database, and additional data for University ranking and government's projects for University startups. Our analysis shows that Universities' fund amount for research and technology commercialization, Universities' amount of patents give a positive impact on Universities statistically significantly, while Universities' size or reputation does not. In addition, the amount of patents and startup projects funded by the government give a significantly positive impact on the annual sales of the professor startups. Furthermore, student startups are in a positive relationship with professor startups and their sales, showing a synergy effect between the two startup groups in Universities. The result implies that Universities and government need to focus on supporting patenting activities, providing technology commercialization funds, and collaboration activities between professors and students for their startup activities.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.3-14
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• 2006

This study intends to offer suggestions for improving the security and competitive power of traditional liquors by investing in the status of intellectual property rights. Merchandising and the marketing strategies of traditional liquor are also addressed. The data was collected through a questionnaire survey given to 101 CEOs of traditional liquor manufacturers. The major results of this study were as follows: The management types of traditional liquor manufacturers were classified as the company 57 (56.4%), the corporation or the union 29 (28.7%), domestic industry 10 (9.9%), and marketing community or technology center 5 (5.0%). The competitive power degree of traditional liquor products was classified as strength 30 (31.6%), usual 30 (31.6%), weakness 35 (36.8%). The elements of strong competitive power were taste, functional (wellbeing) character, and attractiveness of the brand name. On the other side, reasons for weakness in competitive power were the marketing system, price competitiveness, and advertisement. The trademark registration of the traditional liquor appeared with 53%. The reasons not to pursue a trademark registration included the complicated and unnecessary process of registration acquisition, high registration expenses, etc. The perceptions of CEOs about the consumer's brand awareness for their product were low with an average 2.97. Explanations included insufficient advertisement and public relations, unrefined trademark design, and the meaninglessness of brand names. The marketing strategy of traditional liquor manufacturers according to annual sales were as follows: Manufacturers with high sales emphasized marketing strategies that focused on functional character, traditional image, high quality in image and package materials and design, high price strategies based on quality, and various sale promotions.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 1994

This paper analysis the structure of Housing Consumption Expenditure of urban salary and wage-earners' households from 1982 to 1992 by employing Time-series. Data was based on " Annual report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey" of the National Bureau of Statistic Planning Board, Republic of Korea. Percentile marginal-propensity to consume(MPC) and income elasticity of consumption expenditure are estimated by their socio-economic and demographic variables. The results are as follows: 1. The proportion of the expenditure for furniture and utensils and house mending has increased with the increase of income in urban salary and wage-earners' households, while fuel light and water charges and rents paid has decreased. 2.1) Engel Function by income group; MPC associated with rents paid and fuel light and water charges is higher in the lower income group than in the rest. The income elasticity estimates in rents paid and fuel light and water charges is less than 1 in all group while larger than 1 in furniture and utensils and house mending. 2) Engel Function by occupation of household head; The highest MPC in rents paid is associated with the sales profession. The income elasticity of fuel light and water charge is found be inelastic. The groups other than the sales group show irregular MPC. 3) Engel Function by family size; MPC in house mending and fuel light and water charge is increased while is decreased in rents paid in accordance with family size. The income elasticity of rents paid and fuel light and water charge is less than 1 in all groups while that of house mending and furniture and utensils is larger than 1. 4) Engel Function by age of housegold head; MPC in rents paid is decreased according to the age of housefold head. The income elasticity of rents paid and fuel light and water charge is less than 1 in all group while it is larger than 1.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.349-371
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• 2022

Purpose: Compared to the rapid growth rate of the domestic automotive LED industry so far, the predictive analysis method for demand forecasting or market outlook was insufficient. Accordingly, product characteristics are analyzed through the life trend of LEDs for automotive exterior lamps and the relative strengths of p and q using the Bass model. Also, future demands are predicted. Methods: We used sales data of a leading company in domestic market of automotive LEDs. Considering the autocorrelation error term of this data, parameters m, p, and q were estimated through the modified estimation method of OLS and the NLS(Nonlinear Least Squares) method, and the optimal method was selected by comparing prediction error performance such as RMSE. Future annual demands and cumulative demands were predicted through the growth curve obtained from Bass-NLS model. In addition, various nonlinear growth curve models were applied to the data to compare the Bass-NLS model with potential market demand, and an optimal model was derived. Results: From the analysis, the parameter estimation results by Bass-NLS obtained m=1338.13, p=0.0026, q=0.3003. If the current trend continues, domestic automotive LED market is predicted to reach its maximum peak in 2021 and the maximum demand is $102.23M. Potential market demand was $1338.13M. In the nonlinear growth curve model analysis, the Gompertz model was selected as the optimal model, and the potential market size was $2864.018M. Conclusion: It is expected that the Bass-NLS method will be applied to LED sales data for automotive to find out the characteristics of the relative strength of q/p of products and to be used to predict current demand and future cumulative demand.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.10
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• pp.1278-1285
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• 2018

For saving electricity bill, energy storage system(ESS) is being installed in factories, public building and commercial building with a Time-of-Use(TOU) tariff which consists of demand charge(KRW/kW) and energy charge(KRW/kWh). However, both of peak reduction and ESS special tariff are not considered in an analysis of initial cost payback period(ICPP) on ESS. Since it is difficult to reflect base rate by an amount of uncertain peak demand reduction during mid-peak and on-peak periods in the future days. Therefore, the ICPP on ESS can be increased. Based on this background, this paper presents the advanced analysis method for the ICPP on ESS. In the proposed algorithm, the representative days of monthly electricity consumption pattern for the amount of peak reduction can be found by the k­means clustering algorithm. Moreover, the total expected energy costs of representative days are minimized by optimal daily ESS operation considering both peak reduction and the special tariff through a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP). And then, the amount of peak reduction becomes a value that the sum of the expected energy costs for 12 months is maximum. The annual benefit cost is decided by the amount of annual peak reduction. Two simulation cases are considered in this study, which one only considers the special tariff and another considers both of the special tariff and amount of peak reduction. The ICPP in the proposed method is shortened by 18 months compared to the conventional method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7971-7977
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• 2015

This paper attempts to select the attributes of job creation and to rank them for evaluation of companies' job creation. And the results of this paper are expected to provide the information for the polices of job creation. In doing so, this paper applies fuzzy decision making analysis that reflects ambiguity and uncertainty in decision-making process. According to the results, the weight of quality of employment is similar with that of quantity of employment. In addition, annual employment growth rate, annual net employment are ranked as first and the percentage of irregular employment, the average length of employment of all workers, average monthly wages of all workers, and employment growth over sales growth rate are next ranked.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2023

We analyze the effects and related factors of Smart Factory adoption. 110 and 325 samples were collected by median-size-industry matching method, respectively, of adopting and non-adopting companies. We use financial statement data (ROA, etc.) from the year before adoption to the fourth year after adoption. Abnormal operating performance and annual abnormal changes are obtained according to event study method, and analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and t-test. ROA and sales growth rate demonstrate short-term effects after adoption, but not long-term effects. As a result of regression analysis to examine if the three factors of labor intensity, R&D intensity, and prior financial performance have moderating effect, the moderating effect of R&D intensity and prior financial performance is confirmed. In addition, we perform regression analysis to confirm performance effects of early and late adoptions and whether prior financial performance and organization size have moderating effect. It is confirmed that the later the time of adoption, the greater the effect of adoption in the long term and the moderating effect of prior financial performance and organization size is confirmed.