• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.269-277
• /
• 2019

Since 2020, according to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) amended in 2016, each Administration shall transfer the annual fuel consumption of its registered ships of 5,000 gross tonnage and above to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) after verifying them. The Administration needs stacks of materials, which must not be manipulated by ship companies, including the Engine log book and also bears an administrative burden to verify them by May every year. This study considers using the Automatic Identification System (AIS), mandatory navigational equipment, as an objective and efficient tool among several verification methods. Calculating fuel consumption using a ship's speed in AIS information based on the theory of a relationship between ship speed and fuel consumption was reported in several examples of relevant literature. After pre-filtering by excluding AIS records which had speed errors from the raw data of five domestic cargo vessels, fuel consumptions calculated using Excel software were compared to actual bunker consumptions presented by ship companies. The former consumptions ranged from 96 to 123 percent of the actual bunker consumptions. The difference between two consumptions could be narrowed to within 20 percent if the fuel consumptions for boilers were deducted from the actual bunker consumption. Although further study should be carried out for more accurate calculation methods depending on the burning efficiency of the engine, the propulsion efficiency of the ship, displacement and sea conditions, this method of calculating annual fuel consumption according to the difference between two consumptions is considered to be one of the most useful tools to verify bunker consumption.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.36 no.3 s.69
• /
• pp.89-117
• /
• 2005

Currently, the tax - exempted vessel fuel is provided for commercial fishing in order to increase the competitive power of fishery production thorough the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives. The National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives should predict the exact amount of fuel consumption for fishing every year to request the fuel from the government. Unfortunately, there is no sophisticated model to predict the tax - exempted vessel fuel consumption. In 2003, the consumption of the tax- exempted vessel fuel was only $25.1\%$ of the estimation amount by the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives. This causes an inefficiency in the petroleum management. Moreover, we need some data such as the annual average fishing hours, fishing days and fishing behavior to adopt a new policy regarding fishing. Up to now, the data have been obtained by survey with response in the fishery field. In the most case, we have a small number of data because we spend so much time and money consuming for collecting fishing data. As a result, the level of confidence of the data is associated with the sample size and normally low. In order to achieve more accurate data, we need to develope an efficient method for collecting fishing data. In this research, we proposed a new method to predict the tax- exempted vessel fuel consumption more exactly. The prediction results from the proposed method has been compared with the results from the current method. According to the results in this research, the method proposed here produced much better accuracy than the current method. In addition, we also proposed in the paper for collecting fishing data of the annual average fishing hours using the tax - exempted vessel fuel consumption and the gasoline consumption of vessel engine. The fishing data obtained by using the method proposed in this research could be much more efficient and accurate because it doesn't need to estimate from survey sample data.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2016

Recently, the need for technology development of commercial vehicle fuel consumption has emerged. Fuel economy improvement of transport equipment and transportation efficiency, and increasing attention to the logistics cost reduction measures. Increasing attention to the logistics cost reduction measures by fuel economy improvement of transport equipment and transportation efficiency. In this study, we have installed aerodynamic reduction device (side skirt, boat tail) to 14.5 ton cargo trucks and 45 ft tractor-trailers. And the fuel consumption was compared installed before and after. Fuel economy assessment for the aerodynamic reduction value device was tested by modifying the SAE J1321 Joint TMC/SAE Fuel Consumption Test Procedure - Type II test in according domestic situation. Greenhouse gas reductions were calculated in accordance with the scenario, including fuel consumption test results. When the 14.5 ton cargo trucks has been equipped with side skirts and boat tail, it confirmed the improvement in fuel efficiency of 4.72%. One Heavy-duty truck's the annual greenhouse gas reductions value are $6.86ton\;CO_2\;eq$. And if applying the technology to more than 50% of registered 15 ton trucks, greenhouse gas reductions are calculated as $686,826ton\;CO_2\;eq./yr$.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.94-102
• /
• 2015

The high-pass(brand name of Electronic Toll Collection System) utilization trend on the highway continues to grow as 59.4% (by the end of 2013). In this study, we applied the carbon balance method using a fuel chassis dynamometer with the four passenger car classes in order to measure the fuel consumption of the car using the expressway tollgate. We experimented 18 driving mode at general tollgate and high-pass tollgate. As a result, in case of entry/exit toll there were 21.0~56.4ml/veh fuel consumption savings, in case of open toll fuel consumption savings was analyzed as 10.5~28.1ml/veh. In addition, the annual fuel cost savings by virtue of high-pass was 28.2~57.3 billion won at 70% utilization rate, 32.2~65.5 billion won at 80%, 36.2~73.7 billion won at 90% and 40.3~81.9 billion won at 100%.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.113-125
• /
• 2022

Purpose - The primary purpose of this study is to verify whether the target set out by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for reducing carbon emissions from ships can be achieved by quantitatively analyzing the trends in technological advances of fuel oil consumption in the container shipping market. To achieve this purpose, several scenarios are designed considering various options such as eco-friendly fuels, low-speed operation, and the growth in ship size. Design/methodology - The vessel size and speed used in prior studies are utilized to estimate the fuel oil consumption of container ships and the pace of technological progress and Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) regulations are added. A database of 5,260 container ships, as of 2019, is used for multiple linear regression and quantile regression analyses. Findings - The fuel oil consumption of vessels is predominantly affected by their speed, followed by their size, and the annual technological progress is estimated to be 0.57%. As the quantile increases, the influence of ship size and pace of technological progress increases, while the influence of speed and coefficient of EEDI variables decreases. Originality/value - The conservative estimation of carbon emission drawn by a quantitative analysis of the technological progress concerning the fuel efficiency of container vessels shows that it is not possible to achieve IMO targets. Therefore, innovative efforts beyond the current scope of technological progress are required.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.23 no.9
• /
• pp.1643-1654
• /
• 2014

The university is one of the main energy consumption facilities and thereby releases a large amount of greenhouse gas (GHG). Accordingly, efforts for reducing energy consumption and GHG have been established in many local as well as international universities. However, it has been limited to energy consumption and GHG, and has not included air pollution (AP). Therefore, we estimated GHG and AP integrated emissions from the energy consumed by Seoul National University of Science and Technology during the years between 2010 and 2012. In addition, the effect of alternative energy use scenario was analysed. We estimated GHG using IPCC guideline and Guidelines for Local Government Greenhouse Inventories, and AP using APEMEP/EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook 2013 and Air Pollutants Calculation Manual. The estimated annual average GHG emission was $11,420tonCO_{2eq}$, of which 27% was direct emissions from fuel combustion sectors, including stationary and mobile source, and the remaining 73% was indirect emissions from purchased electricity and purchased water supply. The estimated annual average AP emission was 7,757 kgAP, of which the total amount was from direct emissions only. The annual GHG emissions from city gas and purchased electricity usage per unit area ($m^2$) of the university buildings were estimated as $15.4kgCO_{2eq}/m^2$ and $42.4tonCO_{2eq}/m^2$ and those per person enrolled in the university were $210kgCO_{2eq}$/capita and $577kgCO_{2eq}$/capita. Alternative energy use scenarios revealed that the use of all alternative energy sources including solar energy, electric car and rain water reuse applicable to the university could reduce as much as 9.4% of the annual GHG and 34% of AP integrated emissions, saving approximately 400 million won per year, corresponding to 14% of the university energy budget.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 1994

This paper analysis the structure of Housing Consumption Expenditure of urban salary and wage-earners' households from 1982 to 1992 by employing Time-series. Data was based on " Annual report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey" of the National Bureau of Statistic Planning Board, Republic of Korea. Percentile marginal-propensity to consume(MPC) and income elasticity of consumption expenditure are estimated by their socio-economic and demographic variables. The results are as follows: 1. The proportion of the expenditure for furniture and utensils and house mending has increased with the increase of income in urban salary and wage-earners' households, while fuel light and water charges and rents paid has decreased. 2.1) Engel Function by income group; MPC associated with rents paid and fuel light and water charges is higher in the lower income group than in the rest. The income elasticity estimates in rents paid and fuel light and water charges is less than 1 in all group while larger than 1 in furniture and utensils and house mending. 2) Engel Function by occupation of household head; The highest MPC in rents paid is associated with the sales profession. The income elasticity of fuel light and water charge is found be inelastic. The groups other than the sales group show irregular MPC. 3) Engel Function by family size; MPC in house mending and fuel light and water charge is increased while is decreased in rents paid in accordance with family size. The income elasticity of rents paid and fuel light and water charge is less than 1 in all groups while that of house mending and furniture and utensils is larger than 1. 4) Engel Function by age of housegold head; MPC in rents paid is decreased according to the age of housefold head. The income elasticity of rents paid and fuel light and water charge is less than 1 in all group while it is larger than 1.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 2017

Fuel oil consumption cost varies depending on every ship operation and this roughly amounts to 70 % of shipping companies' total revenue. As such, efforts towards improved fuel economy are being pursued. An annual 1 % reduction in fuel consumption is perceived to result in saving tens million US dollars on the global fleet operation. One approach is the application of power take-off configurations which are seen to increase fuel oil economy and are suitable for power generation. In this study, the dynamic properties of a shaft generator coupled on a 10S90ME main engine of an 18 600 TEU container vessel is presented. The vibratory torque and angular velocity variation was examined through theoretical analysis and actual vibration measurement. The result of the study suggests a review on existing classification rules for generator design and the lowering of vibratory torque and angular velocity variation guideline.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.187-195
• /
• 2023

Data centers not only consume significant electricity to operate IT equipment, but also use a lot of electricity to cool the heat generated by IT equipment. The waste heat of a high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell (HT-PEFC) is capable of producing cooling , so it can be effectively applied to data centers that require cooling throughout the year. The energy-saving effects of the proposed combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP) system using HT-PEFC. That was analyzed based on the annual energy consumption data of a specific data center. When the system was running at 100% of the year, It was shown that the installation of 1 MW of the proposed system can save 3,407 MWh of electrical energy per year. In addition, compared to the existing system, the annual power usage effectiveness can be improved from 2.0 to 1.57 and 6,293 MWh of extra heat energy per year can be produced to sell. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was performed on the fuel cell operating temperature and current density to guide the appropriate installation capacity of the proposed system.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.315-318
• /
• 2005

One of the problems in using renewable energy sources is great difficulty of stable and sustainable supply. Because the fuel cell can provide stable and sustainable supply of energy sources without regard to external conditions, however, it will become one of the most useful renewable energy sources for buildings that need stable energy supply. For practical application of PEMFC system to common household, the data of household energy consumption are analyzed by electricity, cooking and heating. From the result of the data analysis, practical application methods of PEMFC system to household are designed to several models. The aim of this study is to establish a plan of practical application for applying Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC) system to the households.