• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.317-327
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• 1993

Stands profiles, yearly changes in growth of annual rings, age and diameter structure, and spatial distribution pattern of individuals in the Pinus densiflora stands around the Yeocheon industrial complex were investigated. Growth of annual ring in Pinus densiflora, which survived when vegetation of this area was damaged by air pollutants, was suppressed for about 10 years since 1974 when factories in this area began to operate, but since then such suppressed growth tended to be recovered. It was supposed that the suppresed growth was originated from air pollution and that improvement of growth since the suppressed period was due to the release from competition with them by death of neighbouring trees and the resuction of the amount of air pollutants. Physiognomy of Pinus densiflora stands showed mosaic pattern composed of different patches. Spatial distribution pattern of individuals an stand profiles were similar to those of Pinus densiflora stands regenerated after natural and artificial disturbances. In an age distribution diagram, age of Pinus densiflora population ranged from 1 to 33 years, Among these individuals were recrited corresponded to the suppresed period of growth of annual ring in Pinus densiflora survived when the vegetation was damaged by air pollution. On the other hand, from the result of analysis of frequency distribution diagram of diameter, it was postulated that even if whis Pinus densiflora community can be maintained as it is for the time being, it might be changed to Quercus community with the lapse of time. Regeneration; Pinus densiflora; Air pollution; Annual ring; Age structure; Diameter structure; Quercus spp. In these analyses, factors for individual recognition and species recognition were suggested.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.25-31
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• 2011

This study was conducted to develop the growth model for diameter at breast height (DBH) and basal area (BA) of Larix leptolepis stands grown in eastern mountain areas, Jeollabuk-do and to enhance the precision of the models by adding regional and climatal factors, such as altitude, mean annual rainfall, and mean annual temperature. In results, it was analyzed that Schumacher polymorphic equation might be the best model to estimate DBH and BA growth. In case of the DBH growth model, precision was improved by adding altitude and mean annual rainfall. Moreover, in case of the BA growth model, precision was improved by adding mean annual rainfall. Meanwhile, it would be necessary for more precise model to add various factors, such as stand density, mortality, thinning ratio, and edaphic status along with regional and climatal factors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1983

This study was to estimate total annual volume growth by the measurement of mean tree growth during the last 10 years. Surveyed Forest stand was the second block (20.80 ha.)of Kyung Hee University Forests located at San 58 and 64, Gaegok-Ri, Gapyung-Yeup, Gapyung-Goon, Kyunggi province in Korea. The stand was mainly composed of uneven-aged Pinus densiflora and the estimation of tree volume was conducted by taking the cores at the D.B.H. of the sample tree which was selected by sub-sampling. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The regression between the diameter (D) and diameter growth ($\hat{I}$) was $\hat{I}=0.5499+0.0101D$. 2) The estimated equation of confidence interval for the diameter growth was $S^2{\hat{I}}=0.00817(0.09538-0.00952D+0.00027D^2$) 3) The equation for estimating tree height (H) from diameter was $H=1.32376D^{0.77958}$ 4) The equation for estimating tree volume from diameter and height $V=0.0000622D^{1.6918}H^{1.1397}$ 5) Total annual tree volume growth was $5.4041m^3/ha$, and ranged from 5.6131 to $5.1984m^3/ha$. 6) Annual growth rate of total tree volume and its error were 8.8% and 3.9%, respectively. The annual volume growth per tree for any districts can be estimated by this method, and the annual volume growth will be successfully predicted. Because of poor forest growing stock in Korea, annual amount of allowable cut should not exceed annual tree volume growth for better forest management. Accordingly, annual amount of allowable cut should be either equal to or less than annual tree volume growth for the balanced establishment between timber supply and demand in Korea. Demand shortage will be substituted with imported timber. Such plans enable Korean Government to develop a better policy of forest resources management.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2003

To develope reforestation methods for enviromentally sound and ecological forest management, Fraxinus rhynchophylla stand structure and radial growth of the trees were invstigated and compared by study sites. Plantation forest studied on Fraxinus rhynchophylla, was located at Jawoon-ni Nae-myeun, Hongcheon-gun and natural forest studied on Fraxinus rhynchophylla, was located at Jangjeon-ni Jinbu-myeun, Pyeungchang-gun. In 7,8 years after planting, differences of annual diameter increment among three stand origins were significant. The highest mean annual diameter increments of F. rhynchophylla, 4.60 mm/year was measured in sprouting trees, and followed by natural seedlings 4.59 mm/year. The lowest values, 4.18mm/year did in planting trees. Early radial growth of planting F. rhynchophylla was measured lower than that of sprouting or natural seedlings. These facts mean that planting F. rhynchophylla is not proper regeneration methods. Other regeneration methods of F. rhynchophylla forest, by sproutings, direct seeding and natural seeding, might be researched and recommended.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2004

To estimate planting results of deciduous broad-leaved species, forest structure and radial growth of the trees were investigated and compared by species and studied sites. Plantation forest studied on Juglans mandshurica, was located at Jawoon-ni Nae-myeun, Hongcheon-gun and natural forest studied on Juglans mandshurica, was located at Jangjeon-ni Jinbu-myeun, Pyeungchang-gun. In 9 years after planting, differences of annual diameter increment among three stand origins were significant. The highest mean annual diameter increments of J. mandshurica, 7.31mm/year was measured in natural seedlings, and followed by sprouting trees 6.93mm/year. The lowest values, 5.28mm/year did in planting trees. Early radial growth of planting J. mandshurica was measured lower than that of sprouting or natural seedlings. These facts means that planting J. mandshurica is not proper regeneration methods. Other regeneration methods of J mondshurica forest, by sproutings, direct seeding and natural seeding, might be researched and recommended.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.224-231
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• 2003

To develope reforestation methods for environmentally sound and ecological forest management, stand structure and radial growth of the trees were investigated and compared by species and study sites. Plantation forest studied on Betula costata, Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Betula davurica, was located at Jawoon-ni Nae-myeun, Hongcheon-gun and natural forest studied on Betula costata, was located at Jangjeon-ni Jinbu-myeun, Pyeungchang-gun. In 12.3 years after planting, differences of annual diameter increment among three Betula species were significant. The highest mean annual diameter increments, 7.67mm was measured in planting Betula costata, and followed by planting Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Betula davurica, and the lowest values. 4.32mm did in natural Betula costata. If planting Genus Beula in this district. Betula costata might be the best species. From these facts, massive planting of three Betula species in this district might have much problems, but might be evaluated as proper trial.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to improve the performance of the existing individual-tree/distantindependent stand growth model in predicting the growth of Pinus koraiensis forest stands. The parameters of diameter growth and mortality prediction models were estimated using periodic annual increment (PAI) of permanent plots and the performance of the models were compared with that of the existing ones using mean anuual increment (MAI). The diameter growth model includes crown ratio, potential diameter growth and modifier to compute for competitions of trees of a stand. In deriving the mortality prediction model, the parameters were estimated based on PAI which was also estimated as the function of MAI due to the lacking of permanent plot data. The results of this study showed that the newly-estimated functions based on PAI provide more realistic patterns in diameter growth of individual trees. The new approach using PAI in mortality model seems to overcome the over-estimate problem by the MAI-based model in estimating mortality of stand trees.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.853-860
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• 2003

Plants sequester atmospheric CO$_2$, a major agent of climate change, during the growing periods and mitigate its rising accumulation in the atmosphere. Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica are the native tree species dominant in the temperate forests of Korea. This study quantified the annual CO$_2$ uptake by the two species at forest sites in Chuncheon in the middle of the country. The quantification was based on seasonal measurements of CO$_2$ exchange rates under natural conditions by an infrared gas analyzer over the growing season (1999). The monthly CO$_2$ uptake per unit leaf area ranged from 1.6-6.7 mg/d㎡/h for P. densiflora and from 3.7-8.9 mg/d㎡/h for Q. mongolica, with a maximum in mid-summer. An equation for each species was generated to estimate easily the annual CO$_2$ uptake by total leaf area per tree, which subtracted the CO$_2$ release (i.e. respiration) by leaves and woody organs from the gross CO$_2$ uptake (diurnal uptake and release by leaves). Annual CO$_2$ release by leaves and woody organs accounted for 58-73％ of the gross CO$_2$ uptake across tree specimens. Annual CO$_2$ uptake per tree increased with increasing dbh (stem diameter at breast height) for the study diameter range, and was greater for Q. mongolica than for P. densiflora in the same dbh sizes. This was mainly associated with a greater total leaf area in the former. For example, the annual CO$_2$ uptake by one tree with dbh of 25 cm was 35.6 kg/yr for P. densiflora and 47.9 kg/yr for Q. mongolica. The results from this study can be applied to evaluate an atmospheric CO$_2$ reduction of woody plants by forest type and age class.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 2001

The floristic composition and structure of the Oriental Arbor-viate forest, natural monument no. 1, were investigated in the Daegu city, southeastern Korea. Vegetation stratification have four layers including tree (＞5m), subtree (2m-5m), shrub (1m-2m) and herbs (＜1m), which occupied 63.8%, 10.7%, 12.1% and 49.4%, respectively. The vegetation of the study area were divided into Artemisia keiskeana - Quercus variabilis and Pyrrosia linearifolia-Thuja orientalis (OAV) communities. Frequency distribution for diameter classes of the Oriental Arbor-vitae population showed a reverse-J shape. The result suggests that the OAV forest of this site might maintains continuously the present state. The annual radial growth of OAV, Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis, the dominant species of the present site showed 0.29, 1.01 and 1.28 mm/year, respectively. Competition of OAV with theh other species including P. densiflora and Q. variabilis could influence negatively on the growthand survival of OAV forest in this site.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.274-281
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• 2005

The climate of the Uisong Area is wet in the heat of summer and cold and dry in winter, The climate is highly consistent. The typical forest soil of the Uisong Area has an acidity of pH 4.5-5.6. The thickness of soil A layers is thin to an average of 10-20 cm and is a typical brown forest soil type. The growth characteristic of this climate and soil environment is as follows. In the case of Larix leptolepis, it takes 5-9 years to reach 6 cm diameter, The annual growth rate falls off greatly at an age of 17-19 years. The change of annual rings is more apparent on the north slopes compared with the east and northeast slopes. Pinus rigida takes 7-9 years to reach a 6 cm diameter. Annual growth rates of Pinus rigida fall greatly when age reaches 19 years. The change of annual ring growth of Pinus rigida was most apparent in the west and northeast slopes compared with the south and east slopes. In the case of Pinus koraiensis, the change of the annual ring width according to the characteristics of the slope is not important. Pinus koraiensis takes 6 yearsto reach the 6cm diameter, and annual growth rate fell off at age 19 years. In the case of Quercus acutissima, the growth of the valley trees is more stable than for trees grown at the mountain base. Annual growth rate of Quercus autissima fell off 19 years after planting. Ring growth of Robinia pseudo-acasia on northeast slopes appears much like that on northwest slopes. In conclusion, the main silviculture species reaches a 6 cm diameter in 5-9 years of growth, and the annual growth rate begins to fall between years 13 and 19 in the Uisong Area.