• 제목/요약/키워드: Annual Energy Yield

검색결과 28건 처리시간 0.026초

자연채광용 박막 투광형 BIPV 창호의 발전특성 분석 연구 (Performance characteristics of building-integrated transparent amorphous silicon PV system for a daylighting application)

  • 윤종호;김석기;송종화;이성진
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.280-283
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    • 2007
  • The first grid-connected, building-integrated transparent amorphous silicon photovoltaic installation has been operated since October 2004 in Yongin, Korea. The 2.2kWp transparent PV system was applied to the facade of entrance hall in newly constructed KOLON E&C R&D building. The PV module is a nominal 0.98m ${\times}$ 0.95m, 10% transparent, laminated, amorphous(a-Si) thin-film device rated at 44 Wp per module. To demonstrate the architectural features of thin film PV technologies for daylighting application, transparent PV modules are attached to the building envelope with the form of single glazed window and special point glazing(SPG) frames. Besides power generation, the 10% transmittance of a-Si PV module provides very smooth natural daylight to the entrance hall without any special shading devices for whole year. The installation is fully instrumented and is continuously monitored in order to allow the performance assessment of amorphous silicon PV operating at the prevailing conditions. This paper presents measured power performance data from the first 12 months of operation. For the first year, annual average system specific yield was just 486.4kWh/kWp/year which is almost half of typical amorphous silicon PV output under the best angle and orientation. It should be caused by building orientation and self-shading of adjacent mass. Besides annual power output, various statistical analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of transparent thin film PV system.

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학교 건축에 대한 BIPV시스템의 성능 평가 (Performance Evaluation of BIPV Systems Applied in School Buildings)

  • 박경은;김진희;김준태
    • 교육시설
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    • 제11권5호
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    • pp.14-23
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    • 2004
  • Building-integrated photovoltaic(BIPV) systems can operate as a multi-functional building components, which generates electricity and serves as part of building envelope. It can be regarded as a new architectural elements, adding to the building's aesthetics. Besides of these benefits, the application of PV systems into school buildings tends to play an important role in energy education to students. In this context, this study aims to analyse the applicability of PV systems into school buildings. For an existing school building, four types of BIPV designs were developed; rooftops, wall-attached, wall-mounted with angle, and sunshading device. Based on energy modeling of those BIPV systems, the whole 60.1kWp rated PV installation is expected to yield about 65.6MWh of electricity, that is about 50% more than the annual electricity consumption of the school, 44MWh. It was also found that the applicability of the PV systems into the school building was very high, and the rooftop systems with the optimized angle was the most efficient in energy production, followed by sunshading, wall-mounted with angle and wall-attached. It concludes that school buildings have a reasonable potential to apply PV systems in the aspects of building elements and electricity production.

The Potential of Mulberry (Morus alba) as a Fodder Crop: The Effect of Plant Maturity on Yield, Persistence and Nutrient Composition of Plant Fractions

  • Saddul, D.;Jelan, Z.A.;Liang, J.B.;Halim, R.A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제17권12호
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    • pp.1657-1662
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    • 2004
  • The forage potential of mulberry (Morus alba) was evaluated under Malaysian conditions. The yield and nutrient composition of plant fractions of mulberry (whole plant, leaf and stem fractions) were determined at four harvest stages, namely, 3 (W3), 5 (W5), 7 (W7) and 9 (W9) weeks in a randomized block design. The study was conducted over a 9-month period to assess the persistence of the crop to repeated harvests. Fresh and dry matter (DM) yields of all plant fractions increased significantly (p<0.01) with increasing intervals between harvests, with highest DM yields at W9. The leaf to stem ratio declined significantly (p<0.01) from 5.2 (W3) to 0.9 (W9), indicating predominance of the stem fraction with advancing maturity. The nutritional composition of plant fractions was also significantly influenced (p<0.01) by advancing plant maturity at harvest. Crude protein (CP), ash and the metabolisable energy content of plant fractions declined significantly (p<0.01) from W3 to W9, while there was a corresponding significant increase (p<0.01) in the acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin. From this study it was concluded that the optimum stage to harvest the whole plant is 5 weeks, which is a compromise between yield, nutrient composition (CP and fibre components), and the annual number of cuts, with good crop persistence to repeated harvests. Fresh mulberry whole plant can provide a valuable supplemental source of nutrients to poor quality basal diets.

도심 고층건물 지붕에서의 소형 풍력발전기 발전량 예측 (Estimation of wind power generation of micro wind turbine on the roof of high rise buildings in urban area)

  • 최형식;장호남
    • 신재생에너지
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.21-27
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    • 2009
  • Potential yield of micro wind turbine on the roof of urban high rise buildings is estimated. Urban wind profile is modeled as logarithmic profile above the mean building height with roughness length 0.8, displacement 7.5 m. Mean wind velocity from the meteorological agency data at the hight of 50m is used. Wind velocity changes are simulated on the rectangular roof of 26, 45, 53 degree pitch and the circular roof by computational fluid dynamics and RNG k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence models. Wind velocity increased approximately by a factor of the order of 270 % on the 26 degree pitched roof. In the 100 m and 200 m high buildings, wind enhancement is greater at the front side than at the center of the building. In the building arrangement model wind velocity changes abruptly and it becomes wind gusts. When commercial wind turbines are installed on the building roof, average power and annual power generation enhanced by 3~4 times than normal wind velocity at 50m and 6 kw wind turbine can generate 1053 kwh per month on the 26 degree pitched roof at 50m height and sufficiently supply electrical power with 15 household for common electrical use and food waste disposer. However, power output will vary significantly by the wind conditions in the order of $\pm$ 20 %.

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실측데이터를 이용한 저에너지주택의 에너지성능평가 (Energy Performance Evaluation of Low Energy Houses using Metering Data)

  • 백남춘;김성범;오병칠;윤종호;신우철
    • 설비공학논문집
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    • 제27권7호
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    • pp.369-374
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    • 2015
  • This study analyzed analyzes the energy performance of six houses in Daejeon completed which were built in 2011. Observed The observed houses, which were all designed and constructed inof the same size and structure, are were highly insulated with triple Low-E coating windows; the insulation level of the walls is was $0.13W/m^2K$ and that of the roof is was $0.10W/m^2K$. As electric houses, all of the energy supplied to the houses, including for cooking, is was supplied by electricity. A and 3~4 kWp of photovoltaic system and a 3~5 kW of ground source heat pump (GSHP) were installed in each house tofor providing provide space heating/and cooling and hot water are installed. We constructed a Web-based remote monitoring system in order to understand energy consumption and the dynamic behavior of the energy system. T, and the results of our metering data analysis of 2013 are as follows. First, the annual residential energy consumption is was 4,400 kWh (${\sigma}=1,209$) and GSHP energy consumption is was 5,182 kWh (${\sigma}=1,164$). Second, residential energy consumption ranked highest in average energy usage, with at 45% of the total, followed by heating with at 30%, hot water supply with at 17% and cooling with at 6%. Third, the average energy independence rate is was 51.8%, the GFA (Gross gross floor area) criteria average energy consumption unit is was $48.7kWh/m^2yr$ (${\sigma}=10.1$), and the net energy consumption unit (except the energy yield of the PV systems) is was $24.7kWh/m^2yr$ (${\sigma}=8.8$).

저수지 내 수상태양광의 전압 강하에 의한 직류 송전 손실 (Transmission Loss from Voltage Drop in a DC Cable for a Floating Photovoltaic System in a Reservoir)

  • 방병관;우성철;이원빈;최진호;신승욱;이철성;박미란;원창섭;안형근
    • 신재생에너지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.47-57
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    • 2020
  • In Floating PV (Photovoltaic) systems, PV modules are installed on water by utilizing the surface of idle water such as a reservoir and multipurpose dam. A floating PV system, therefore, has the advantage of efficiency in national land use and improved energy yield owing to cooling effect compared to on-land PV systems. Owing to the limitation of installation environment for a floating PV system, the system, however, has the disadvantage of an increase in transmission distance of DC (Direct current) cables. A longer transmission distance of a DC cable results in greater power loss due to a voltage drop. This leads to a decline in economic feasibility for the floating PV system. In this paper, the economic analysis for 10 floating PV systems installed in a reservoir has been conducted in terms of a change in annual power sales according to the variation of transmission losses depending on the factors affecting the voltage drop, such as transmission distance, cross-section area of underwater cable, the presence of joint box, and PV capacity.

Localization of solar-hydrogen power plants in the province of Kerman, Iran

  • Mostafaeipour, Ali;Sedaghat, Ahmad;Qolipour, Mojtaba;Rezaei, Mostafa;Arabnia, Hamid R.;Saidi-Mehrabad, Mohammad;Shamshirband, Shahaboddin;Alavi, Omid
    • Advances in Energy Research
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.179-205
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    • 2017
  • This research presents an in-depth analysis of location planning of the solar-hydrogen power plants for electricity production in different cities situated in Kerman province of Iran. Ten cities were analyzed in order to select the most suitable location for the construction of a solar-hydrogen power plant utilizing photovoltaic panels. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology was applied to prioritize cities for installing the solar-hydrogen power plant so that one candidate location was selected for each city. Different criteria including population, distance to main road, flood risk, wind speed, sunshine hours, air temperature, humidity, horizontal solar irradiation, dust, and land costare used for the analysis. From the analysis, it is found that among the candidates' cities, the site of Lalezar is ranked as the first priority for the solar-hydrogen system development. A measure of validity is obtained when results of the DEA method are compared with the results of the technique for ordering preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Applying TOPSIS model, it was found that city of Lalezar ranked first, and Rafsanjan gained last priority for installing the solar-hydrogen power plants. Cities of Baft, Sirjan, Kerman, Shahrbabak, Kahnouj, Shahdad, Bam, and Jiroft ranked second to ninth, respectively. The validity of the DEA model is compared with the results of TOPSIS and it is demonstrated that the two methods produced similar results. The solar-hydrogen power plant is considered for installation in the city of Lalezar. It is demonstrated that installation of the proposed solar-hydrogen system in Lalezar can lead to yearly yield of 129 ton-H2 which covers 4.3% of total annual energy demands of the city.

최적화기법을 이용한 기존 농업용 저수지에서의 부존 수력발전량 추정 (Optimization Technique for Estimation of Potential Hydroelectric Energy at Existion Ahricultural Reservoir)

  • 안태진;류희정;박정응
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.281-289
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    • 1999
  • 기존 농업용 댐에서의 소수력발전 사업은 기존 저수지로부터의 방류량을 효율적으로 이용함으로써 전력의 추가 확보에 기여할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 농업용 댐에서의 부존 수력발전량을 추정하기 위하여 관개용수를 근거로 한 관개수량의 유황, 저수지 발전모의운영 및 비선형계획 모형을 적용하여 기존 농업용 저수지에서의 부존 수력발전량을 추정하였다. 비선형계획법은 소요관개용수 제약조건아래 최대발전량을 찾는 것으로 하였다. 유입량과 관개용수량이 주어진 표본 저수지에서, 채택된 방법 중 최적화 모형의 최적해에 의한 발전량이 가장 많았으며 저수지의 유입량에 관한 발전용수도 최적화 모형이 가장 많이 사용하였음을 알 수 있었다. 저수지 관리수위 상승으로 확보되는 저수량에 따른 발전량의 변화를 분석하기 위하여 연평균발전량을 추정한 결과, 관리수위 증가에 의한 발전량의 증가는 미미함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제안한 부존발전량 추정 절차와 최적화 모형은 기존 농업용댐의 부존 발전량 추정에 적용할 수 있으며, 소수력발전 사업 경제성분석에 필요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

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Theoretical Design for the Production of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in a Closed Plant Factory

  • Bae, Jong Hyang;Austin, Jirapa;Jeon, Yoon-A;Cha, Mi-Kyung;Cho, Young-Yeol
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.840-844
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    • 2016
  • Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a grain crop with high nutritional value. The leaves and sprouts of quinoa can also be consumed either raw or cooked, providing considerably nutritional value as well as high antioxidant and anticancer activities. This study was carried out to obtain basic data to assist in the practical design of a plant factory with artificial lighting for the cultivation of quinoa as a leafy vegetable. We estimated the energy content of the quinoa and the electrical energy required to produce this crop. The yield was 1,000 plants per day, with a planting density and light intensity of $0.015m^2$ ($15{\times}10cm$) and $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. The total number of plants, cultivation area, and electricity consumption were estimated to be 25,000, $375m^2$, and $93,750{\mu}mol{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. White fluorescent lamps were used at a power of 20.4 kW from 1,857 fluorescent lamps (FL, 55 W), and the cost for electricity was approximately 1,820 dollars (exchange rate of $1 = 1,200 won) per month. For a daily harvest of 1,000 plants per day in a closed plant factory, the estimated light installation cost, total installation cost, and total production cost would be 15,473, 46,421, and 55,704 dollars, respectively. The calculated production cost per plant, including labor costs, would be 27 cents for the 25-day cultivation period, with a marketable ratio of 80%. Considering the annual total expenses, income, and depreciation costs, the selling price per plant was estimated to be approximately 56 cents.

스팬드럴용 투광형 결정계 BIPV창호의 후면단열 조건에 따른 연간 온도 및 발전성능 분석 연구 (Annual Base Performance Evaluation on Cell Temperature and Power Generation of c-Si Transparent Spandrel BIPV Module depending on the Backside Insulation Level)

  • 윤종호;오명환;강기환;이재범
    • 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.24-33
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    • 2012
  • Recently, finishing materials at spandrel area, a part of curtain-wall system, are gradually forced to improve thermal insulation performance in order to enhance the building energy efficiency. Also, Building Integrated Photovoltaics(BIPV) systems have been installed in the exterior side of the spandrel area, which is generally composed of windows. Those BIPVs aim to achieve high building energy efficiency and supply the electricity to building. However, if transparent BIPV module is combined with high insulated spandrel, it would reduce the PV efficiency for two major reasons. First, temperature in the air space, located between window layer and finishing layer of the spandrel area, can significantly increase by solar heat gain, because the space has a few air density relative to other spaces in building. Secondly, PV has a characteristics of decreased Voltage(Voc and Vmp) with the increased temperature on the PV cell. For these reasons, this research analyzed a direct interrelation between PV Cell temperature and electricity generation performance under different insulation conditions in the spandrel area. The different insulation conditions under consideration are 1) high insulated spandrel(HIS) 2) low insulated spandrel(LIS) 3) PV stand alone on the ground(SAG). As a result, in case of 1) HIS, PV temperature was increased and thus electricity generation efficiency was decreased more than other cases. To be specific, each cases' maximum temperature indicated that 1) HIS is $83.8^{\circ}C$, 2) LIS is $74.2^{\circ}C$, and 3) SAG is $66.3^{\circ}C$. Also, each cases yield electricity generation like that 1) HIS is 913.3kWh/kWp, 2) LIS is 942.8kWh/kWp, and 3) SAG is 981.3kWh/kWp. These result showed that it is needed for us to seek to the way how the PV Cell temperature would be decreased.