• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.199-202
• /
• 2011

Ga doped ZnO thin films were deposited with RF magnetron sputtering on glass substrate without intentional substrate heating and then the effect of post deposition annealing temperature on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the films was investigated. The post deposition annealing process was conducted for 30 minutes in a vacuum of $1{\times}10^{-3}$ Torr and the vacuum annealing temperatures were 150 and $300^{\circ}C$, respectively. As increase annealing temperature, GZO films show the increment of the prefer orientation of ZnO (002) diffraction peak in the XRD pattern and the optical transmittance in a visible wave region was also increased, while the electrical sheet resistance was decreased. The figure of merit obtained in this study means that GZO films which vacuum annealed at $300^{\circ}C$ have the highest optoelectrical performance in this study.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.209-213
• /
• 2000

Microstructural changes of AlOOH doped UO$_2$pellet after annealing up to 216h have been observed and they were compared with those of the standard pellet. Grain and pore size of UO$_2$pellet increased with the addition of AlOOH and its effect was still validated during annealing. Densification rate was reduced by the addition of AlOOH and it was attributed to coarsened pores with spherical shape. Grain and pore growth was stopped and density increase was the least after 144h of annealing. The variation of pore size resulting from annealing has a linear relationship with that of grain size.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.1571-1572
• /
• 2009

Polymer solar cells were fabricated with gravure printing process and the effect of thermal annealing of gravure printed organic layer was investigated. The layer structure of polymer solar cells is glass / ITO / hole transfer layer / active layer / Al structure was fabricated. For the active layer, 1:1 ratio of poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) mixture was applied. The P3HT/PCBM blend was gravure printed onto the substrates. The effect of thermal annealing was investigated by changing annealing time and the number of printing. Maximum 3.6% of power conversion efficiency was achieved with gravure printing of organic layer and thermal annealing in this work.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.455-459
• /
• 2002

I have investigated the effects of annealing on a polymeric $\alpha-C_3N_{4.2}$ at high pressure and temperature in the presence of seeds of crystalline carbon nitride films prepared by a high voltage discharge plasma. The samples were evaluated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction(XRD). Notably, XPS studies of the film composition before and after annealing demonstrate that the nitrogen composition in $\alpha-C_3N_{4.2}$ material initially containing more than 58% nitrogen decreases during the annealing process and reaches a common, stable composition of ~43%. XPS analysis also shows that the nitrogen composition in the annealed films without polymeric $\alpha-C_3N_{4.2}$ was reduced from 35% to 17%. Furthermore the concentration of the sp$^3$bonded phase increased with the increment of the annealing temperature.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.49-52
• /
• 2007

We investigated annealing effect of microforged powders on magnetic properties and electromagnetic absorption behaviors for ferromagnetic Fe-Cr metal alloy powder-polymer composites. The coercive properties greatly decreased with annealing temperature and the magnetic permeability had significantly increased after microforging and subsequent annealing treatment, due to a reduction in lattice strain of the microforged powders. The power loss in the far field regime also had greatly increased after microforging and subsequent annealing treatment in frequency range from 50 MHz to 6 GHz. As a result, the electromagnetic absorption of ferromagnetic Fe-Cr alloy metal powder-polymer composites was highly improved because of the relaxation of the internal strain during annealing process.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.308-314
• /
• 2020

A commercial AA1070 alloy for electrical wire is severely deformed by drawing process in which a rod with an initial diameter of 9mm into is reduced to a wire of 2mm diameter. The drawn AA1070 wire is then annealed at various temperatures from 200 to 450 ℃ for 2h. Changes in microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical properties of the specimens with annealing temperature are investigated in detail. The specimen begins partially to recrystallize at 250 ℃; above 300 ℃ it is covered with equiaxed recrystallized grains over all regions. Fiber textures of {110}<111> and {112}<111> components are mainly developed, and {110}<001> texture is partially developed as well. The tensile strength tends to decrease with annealing temperature due to the occurrence of recovery or/and recrystallization. On the other hand, the elongation of the annealed wire increases with the annealing temperature, and reaches a maximum value of 33.3 % at 300 ℃. Electric conductivity of the specimens increases with annealing temperature, and reaches a maximum value of 62.6 %IACS after annealing at 450 ℃. These results are discussed in comparison with those for the other aluminum alloy.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.35 no.9
• /
• pp.945-952
• /
• 1998

Ferroelectric Sr0.8Bi2.4Ta2O9 stock solutions were prepared by MOD(Metaloganic Decompostion) process. The phase transformation for the layered perovskite of the SBT thin films by changing RTA(Rapid her-mal Annealing) temperatuer from 700$^{\circ}C$to 780$^{\circ}C$ were observed using XRD and SEM. Layered perovskite phase began to appear above 740$^{\circ}C$ and then SBT thin films were annealed at 800$^{\circ}C$ for 1hr for its com-plete crystallization. The specimens showed well shaped hysteresis curves without post annealing that car-ried out after deposition of Pt top electrode. The SBT thin films showed the asymmetric ferroelectric pro-perties. It was confirmed that the properties were caused by interface effect to SBT and electrode by leak-age current density measurement and asymmetric properties reduced by post annealing. At post annealing temperature of 800$^{\circ}C$ remanant polarization values (2Pr) were 6.7 9 ${\mu}$C/cm2 and those of leakage current densities were 3.73${\times}$10-7 1.32${\times}$10-6 A/cm2 at 3, 5V respectively. Also bismuth bonding types of SBT thin film surface were observed by XPS.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.30 no.11
• /
• pp.734-739
• /
• 2017

We prepared $SnS_x$ thin films on both soda-lime glass (SLG) and molybdenum(Mo)/SLG substrates by a two-step process using a Sn precursor followed by sulfur reaction in rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at different sulfurization temperatures ($Ts=200^{\circ}C$, $230^{\circ}C$, $250^{\circ}C$, and $300^{\circ}C$) and annealing times ($t_s=10min$ and 30 min). The single SnS phase was dominant for $200^{\circ}C{\leq}T_s$<$250^{\circ}C$, while an additional phase of $SnS_2$ was appeared at $T_s{\geq}250^{\circ}C$ alongside SnS. The SnS grains in all the samples showed strong growth along the preferred [040] direction. The band-gap energy ($E_g$) of the films was estimated to be 1.24 eV.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.629-638
• /
• 2000

With the positive features of simulated annealing algorithms such as simplicity of the algorithm and the possibility of finding global optimum solution, SA algorithm has been widely applied to structural optimization problems. However, the algorithms are far from practical applications in structural design or optimization of building structures due to requirement of a large number of iterations and dependency on cooling schedule and stopping criteria. In this paper, with the modification of annealing process and stopping criteria, a MSA algorithm is presented in the form of two phase annealing process for optimal seismic design of braced structures. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been illustrated in detail.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.212-213
• /
• 2005

In this study, in order to develop low temperature sintering piezoelectric actuator, $Pb_{0.985}Bi_{0.01}(Mg_{1/2}W_{1/2})_{0.03}(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})_{0.13}(Zr_{0.50},Ti_{0.50})_{0.84}$ (PMW-PNN-PZT) ceramic systems were fabricated using $CaCO_3-Li_2CO_3$, sintering aid through a post-annealing process. The sinterability of PMW-PNN-PZT ceranics was remarkably enhanced by liquid phase sintering of $CaCO_3$ and $Li_2CO_3$. But, it was confimed form the X-ray diffraction pattern that the secondary phase along grain boundaries, deteriorated the piezoelectric properties. The secondary phase along grain boundaries was significantly removed by annealing after sintering. The 0.2wt% $Li_2CO_3$-0.25wt% $CaCO_3$-added PMW-PNN-PZT ceramics post-annealed at 900$^{\circ}C$ for 90min exhibited the excellent electromechanical coupling factor($k_p$) of 63.3% and piezoelectric constant($d_{33}$) of 452pC/N, respectively, for multilayer piezoelectricactuatorapplication.